<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chelcea Mae Lagmay Darang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiyoung Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF REDUCED EDUCATIONAL TIME ON PERFORMANCE, CONFIDENCE, AND METACOGNITIVE ACCURACY IN LOWER SECONDARY GENETICS LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confidence-performance calibration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive accuracy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765164</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curriculum reforms in the Philippines, including the MATATAG curriculum, have reduced scheduled educational time in lower secondary science, raising questions about their impact on learning and metacognition.  This study examined the impact of reduced educational time, specifically the shift from 60 minutes to 45 minutes per genetic lesson, on students’ performance, confidence, and metacognitive accuracy in a lower secondary science context. Using a cohort-comparison design, data were collected from Grade 9 students across two school years. Student performance was assessed through a genetics test, while confidence ratings captured metacognitive accuracy. Pearson correlations examined confidence–performance alignment, and Welch’s t-tests compared cohort and gender differences. Teacher perceptions were gathered through open-ended surveys. Results showed that the students who received longer lessons achieved higher performance and demonstrated stronger confidence-performance calibration, whereas students who experienced shorter lessons achieved lower performance and exhibited overconfidence. Gender differences appeared only in the 2023 cohort, with females outperforming males. Teacher accounts confirmed that shortened lessons reduced opportunities for interaction, feedback, and reflection. The findings highlight that educational time is both an academic and metacognitive resource. Safeguarding opportunities for reflection and feedback is essential to support accurate self-monitoring and sustainable learning in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-21</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyunju Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiyoung Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PCK DEVELOPMENT FOR MODELING-BASED INSTRUCTION: A KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE PERSPECTIVE WITHIN A PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling-based instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional learning communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713340</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supporting primary school teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) development for modeling-based instruction (MBI) remains a key challenge in science teacher education. Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) offer a promising context for this professional growth. This study examined the PCK development processes of three primary school teachers with varying experience levels as they participated in five MBI-focused PLC sessions. PCK changes were traced using an integrated analytical framework that combined the Interconnected Model of Teacher Professional Growth (IMTPG) with the Refined Consensus Model (RCM). Findings revealed positive growth across PCK components, though pathways varied. While curriculum knowledge development was often characterized by refinement based on prior knowledge (change sequences), growth in knowledge of student understanding, instructional strategies, and assessment typically demonstrated more complex, interconnected growth networks involving dynamic knowledge exchange, shaped by interactions among personal, collective, and enacted PCK, as well as individual orientations. The study highlights the potential of PLCs as spaces for practice-based learning, supporting sustained PCK development, and demonstrates the utility of the combined IMTPG–RCM framework for analyzing the nuances of teacher growth over time.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1148-1168</style></section></record></records></xml>