@article {522,
	title = {DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE THREE-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO ASSESS PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDENTS{\textquoteright} UNDERSTANDING OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION},
	journal = {Journal of Baltic Science Education},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2016},
	month = {August/2016},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {532{\textendash}546},
	abstract = {This research reports the development of an online three-tier diagnostic instrument for pre-university students related to cellular respiration. To date, only few studies have been conducted to identify students{\textquoteright} alternative conception in the topic of cellular respiration. One of the contributing factors is due to lack of instrument developed to measure these alternative conceptions. Three-tier tests are used as assessment tools for lecturers to determine students{\textquoteright} alternative conceptions related to cellular respiration and their knowledge and understanding about the concepts. The research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods. The instrument was developed in five phases: (1) construction of items, (2) pilot study, (3) validation of instrument, (4) transforming the instrument into an online assessment tool, and (5) the administration of the Online Diagnostic Tool (ODiT). The Cellular Respiration ODiT consists of three tiers: answer and reasoning tiers to measure {\textquotedblleft}content knowledge{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}explanatory knowledge{\textquotedblright} respectively, and a third tier that measures the level of confidence of pre-university students. Analysis of the students{\textquoteright} responses demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity of the instrument. The research also shows that both students and lecturers benefit when online diagnostic tests are implemented appropriately.},
	keywords = {biology alternative conception, online diagnostic tool, three-tier diagnostic test},
	issn = {1648-3898},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/16.15.532},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482424242.pdf},
	author = {Rohaida Mohd Saat and Hidayah Mohd Fadzil and Nor Azlina Abd. Aziz and Kamariah Haron and Kamaludin A. Rashid and Natalya Rudina Shamsuar}
}
