@article {792, title = {INDONESIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS{\textquoteright} ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE: FOCUS ON GENDER AND ACADEMIC LEVEL}, journal = {Journal of Baltic Science Education}, volume = {18}, year = {2019}, month = {October/2019}, pages = {Continuous}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {654-667}, abstract = {Student attitudes toward science have been one of the longstanding topics in science education research. Even though Indonesia has a unique educational system in which cultural, religious, and cognitive aspects are incorporated in the science K-12 curriculum, a limited number of studies have explored Indonesian students{\textquoteright} attitudes towards science. This research aimed to examine students{\textquoteright} attitudes toward science and the interaction between academic grade level and gender in Indonesian primary and middle school. Thirty items from five components of the BRAINS instrument were administered to 1587 Indonesian students from fourth grade through ninth grade to measure their attitude toward science. Rasch analysis, two-way ANOVA, and structural equation modeling path analysis were used to answer the proposed research questions. The current research found that Indonesian students{\textquoteright} attitudes toward science were significantly affected by academic level, however, gender only affected three components of attitude (control belief, attitude toward the behavior, and intention). Female students showed a higher attitude toward science than male students in general. The trends in every component of the students{\textquoteright} attitudes decreased from primary school to middle school. The present research provides a deeper discussion by considering the socio-cultural and educational history of Indonesia. }, keywords = {academic level, gender, middle school, primary school, science attitude}, issn = {1648-3898}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/19.18.654}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571126809.pdf}, author = {Rahmi Qurota Aini and Arif Rachmatullah and Minsu Ha} } @article {690, title = {IDENTIFYING INDONESIAN UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS{\textquoteright} ORIENTATIONS TO LEARN SCIENCE AND GENDER EFFECT THROUGH THE USE OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING}, journal = {Journal of Baltic Science Education}, volume = {17}, year = {2018}, month = {August/2018}, pages = {Continuous}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {633-648}, abstract = {The purpose of this research is to examine Indonesian upper-secondary school students{\textquoteright} learning orientation in science via generating structural equation modeling of conceptions of, approaches to and self-efficacy in learning science, and seeking whether the model is significantly different based on gender. A total of 600 (63\% females) Indonesian upper-secondary school students completed a questionnaire with three constructs {\textendash} conceptions of, approach to and self-efficacy in learning science. Rasch analysis was conducted before testing the hypothesized model to examine the psychometric aspects of the instruments. Structural equation modeling featured with multi-group analysis-based gender was used to respond to the main research purpose. Findings indicated that the Indonesian upper-secondary school students had multiple conceptions of as well as multiple approaches to science learning that led to different senses of self-efficacy. Multiple conceptions and mixed approaches are the characteristics of students with achieving orientations. Most importantly, the current research found that conceiving learning science as memorizing was considered as the basis for the higher level of conceptions. The model significantly differed based on gender. Three main differences were Indonesian female students tended to be more conceiving science learning as memorization, using more surface motive and their self-efficacy was more impacted by their higher level of conceptions {\textendash} applying and understanding than males. Based on findings, gender issues in orientations to studying and Indonesian science education curriculum are discussed. }, keywords = {conceptions of learning, gender, learning orientations, learning strategies, multi-group analysis, self-efficacy}, issn = {1648-3898}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/18.17.633}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708941.pdf}, author = {Arif Rachmatullah and Sariwulan Diana and Minsu Ha} }