@article {1107,
	title = {THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN IN KINDERGARTEN IN THE LIGHT OF SELECTED INDIVIDUAL FACTORS},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2018},
	month = {February/2018},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {58-68},
	abstract = {Taking into account the psychophysical development of a young person, a child in particular, attention should be paid to forming certain habits related to physical activity, health, nutrition, hygiene, and aesthetics during the preschool period as such habits will be of utmost importance in his/ her adult life. Physical activity of children affects various health parameters both today and in the future. Specialists draw attention to the correlation between physical activity and the development of the musculoskeletal system, body posture, the nervous, respiratory and vegetative systems. The lack of physical activity may result in cardiovascular diseases or obesity. These are just some of the reasons for which people need physical activity in their lives. Bearing in mind the lack of research on this issue, it was decided to conduct research on the physical activity of children (210 students) aged 4-6 attending selected kindergartens located in the town of Bia{\l}a Podlaska, Poland. The level of physical activity of children was measured with the use of special devices, so called actigraph units (accelerometers in Polish). Due to a small size of this wrist-watch-like device, movements of children or their participation in games and different forms of activities in kindergarten were not hampered. On the basis of the collected data, statistical analysis was performed.  Non-parametric statistical tests were used in order to identify the relationship between variables of the physical activity level and sex, age and weight of a child. Data analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the level of physical activity and some personal characteristics. The research conclusions, which will be helpful in providing effective education in the field of physical activity, were made available to kindergartens. },
	keywords = {accelerometer, actigraph, kindergarten, physical activity, pre-school child},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/18.76.58},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1519988124.pdf},
	author = {Stanis{\l}awa Nazaruk and Joanna Waszczuk and Joanna Marchel and Helena Kowaluk-Nikitin and Anna Klim-Klimaszewska}
}
@article {1072,
	title = {THE SCOPE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GEOMETRIC CONCEPTS IN SELECTED KINDERGARTENS IN POLAND},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2017},
	month = {August/2017},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {345-353},
	abstract = {The core curriculum of preschool education stipulates that the child that is prepared to study Mathematics in school can distinguish between basic geometric figures (circles, squares, triangles, rectangles). Nevertheless, a review of the records of student training in kindergarten revealed that there were no geometry-related subjects in any of them. Therefore, it was decided to further explore whether it was the teachers who did not implement geometrical concepts or just the students, who had no opportunity to observe or conduct classes in the field. In addition, if the latter was the case, the analysis was to include the extent to which teachers implement geometric concepts.A total of 150 teachers (females only), 78 teachers from 19 kindergartens located in Siedlce and 72 teachers from 18 kindergartens located in Biala Podlaska, participated in the research. The research methods of a diagnostic survey and document review were employed. Structured interviews were conducted with the teachers in order to identify the factors having an influence on the implementation of geometric concepts in kindergartens. The content analysis of geometry topics recorded in class registers was performed for the period of 8 months. The analysis of research results revealed that, in most cases, there was no systematic mathematical education with geometric content provided by most of the teachers participating in the research. 
They do not use children{\textquoteright}s potential, i.e. geometric intuition, in an effective way. However, if properly shaped in kindergarten, this intuition may be a baseline for a more systematic study of Mathematics, including geometry, in school. On the basis of this research, conclusions may be drawn about the scope of geometrical education in kindergartens. 
},
	keywords = {content analysis, geometrical concepts, geometrical education, preschool education},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/17.75.345},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1503750700.pdf},
	author = {Anna Klim-Klimaszewska and Stanis{\l}awa Nazaruk}
}
