@article {1660,
	title = {CHARACTERIZATION OF CURRICULUM LEADERSHIP BY SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOL LEADERS AND TEACHERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2023},
	month = {June/2023},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {401-415},
	abstract = {Integrating environmental education into the school curriculum in South Africa remains a concern. Various curriculum and instructional design factors affecting environmental education have been explored. However, the role of curriculum leadership in environmental education is not well understood despite research that shows that curriculum leadership is a critical challenge facing the education system in general. Poor curriculum leadership has been shown to contribute to ineffective curriculum implementation and poor quality of education. In the current research, we used qualitative research methods to determine the characterization of curriculum leadership by teachers and school leaders involved in environmental education as a preliminary effort to understand the challenges facing environmental education. We used distributed leadership as a theoretical framework for the research. The findings show that some environmental education teachers, school managers, and environmental education subject advisors do not understand the concept of curriculum leadership. Participants{\textquoteright} understanding of curriculum leadership was associated with socio-political dynamics rather than educational principles. We conclude that the poor understanding of curriculum leadership and its role may lead to ineffective integration of environmental education in the South African school curriculum.  },
	keywords = {Curriculum leadership; distributed leadership; environmental education; school leaders and teachers},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/23.81.401},
	url = {https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1687425497.pdf},
	author = {Nonkanyiso Pamella Shabalala and Headman Hebe and Lindelani Mnguni}
}
@article {1219,
	title = {EXPLORING THE STUDENT AND SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES CURRICULUM:  A CASE OF HIV/AIDS},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2019},
	month = {June/2019},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {410-423},
	abstract = {Science is generally expected to respond to students and societal needs by adopting student and social accountability principles. Therefore, school science curricula are revised regularly to address emerging socio-economic, political, and scientific issues. Similarly, the National Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement of South Africa was introduced to foster a student and social accountable education that adopts relevant curriculum ideologies. Partly, it attempts to equip students with relevant skills and knowledge related to emerging societal challenges such as HIV/AIDS. The aim of the present research, therefore, was to determine the extent to which the curriculum is student and social accountable concerning HIV/AIDS. The current research explored the extent to which HIV/AIDS knowledge was presented in the CAPS Life Sciences curriculum and selected textbooks, and how curriculum ideologies informed this presentation of HIV/AIDS knowledge. Data were collected from the Life Sciences CAPS document and selected textbooks. Results revealed several HIV/AIDS-related topics, which were taught in Life Sciences. While the literature suggests that the citizenship-centered ideology is most relevant for student and social accountability, the present study found that the Life Sciences curriculum adopted a predominantly discipline-centered ideology. It is concluded that Life Sciences may not provide students with HIV/AIDS-related skills and knowledge required in a student and socially accountable curriculum. },
	keywords = {curriculum ideologies, HIV/AIDS education, life sciences, school science curriculum},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/19.77.410},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2019/457-1561382310.pdf},
	author = {Lindelani Mnguni}
}
