@article {53, title = {INTELLIGENCE: GENESIS OF CONCEPT AND MODERN INTERPRETATION}, journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century }, volume = {2}, year = {2007}, month = {September/2007}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {125-132}, abstract = {Disclosing essence of concept "intelligence" it is necessary to consider concepts "morality", "education", "breeding". Historically there were two directions in understanding morality: religious and secular. The religious consciousness saw in spirit of the man a part of the God, which comprehension is impossible with the help of reason. The difference of a secular approach on morality from religious one is that in the second approach there is no idea of connection of morality with the God, as determining beginning of life of the man. Morality is shown in need of self-perfection, rising of the man above himself. The intelligence, as property of the man, is based on morality, activity of spirit. The intelligence includes a conscious part of activity of spirit, reasonable, intellectual, rational. The intelligence is a part of morality in cognitive understanding. The basis for intelligence is education. Education includes the sum of knowledge received during training, information about changes in this science in time, and also aspiration and need in development, increasing of this knowledge, skill to take new possessions. The man educated should have the opinion about the new scientific data and be able to prove it. The man cultured constantly improves the intelligence, as the flow of the information is huge and never comes to an end. The intellectual perfection has no borders. The intelligence understood through breeding, assumes presence of an internal core of the person, a certain code of honour, decency and nobleness. Along with the listed qualities, the intelligence includes politeness, tact, fidelity and compassion. This is the modern conception of the brought up man. Breeding is characterized by the set of socially qualities generated enough, which reflect the system of man{\textquoteright}s attitudes to a society, people, activity, nature, art. It is possible to tell, that it is the certain level of culture of the person, one of which parameters is the skill to carry out search and to make a moral choice in non-standard situations. In modern interpretation the intelligence is understood as integrative quality of the man, which includes the harmonious advanced spiritual-moral, professional-labour and civil culture. So, a modern intellectual is a tolerant and responsible person having large internal culture, recognizing self-value of a personality, respecting his rights and advantages, guided in the acts and actions by conscience and validity, able and aspiring to work at a high professional level, keeping an active civil position. }, keywords = {integrative quality, intelligence}, issn = {1822-7864}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1392220604.pdf}, author = {Tatyana Masharova and Elena Syrtsova} } @article {52, title = {PROBLEM OF GENDER SELF-DETERMINATION OF LEARNING YOUTH}, journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century }, volume = {2}, year = {2007}, month = {September/2007}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {117-124}, abstract = {The urgency of the problem of gender self-determination is caused by necessity of development of a person as a subject and an object of the public attitudes. Child{\textquoteright}s biological and civil gender is defined already in the prenatal period and after his birth. On the basis of it the education of the child is carried out in society. What is gender self-determination? Firstly let{\textquoteright}s consider concepts "gender" and "self-determination" separately, and then we can find out interrelation between them. Gender is social and psychological sex of a person, the set of his or her psychological characteristics and features of social behaviour shown in dialogue and interaction. Base formation in gender is the psychological sex of the person, i.e. achievement of the certain level of sexual self-consciousness and sexual identification, real acquiring a male or female role. The self-determination of the person is an ability to find own place in the world, to understand own opportunities, to realize the purpose in life, in selected sphere of public and labour activity, in personal life and career, aspiration to change the society positively. The self-determination of the person is a conscious act of revealing and statement of an own position in problem situations. The gender self-determination is a process of comprehension itself as a representative of this or that sex, understanding of own opportunities in a male or female role, finding own place in male and female society, in family, in selected sphere of public and labour activity, in personal life and career. In concept of gender self-determination there are four components which make its substantial nucleus: motives and aspirations to an ideal image of the man/woman ("I want to be"); the self-knowledge as comprehension of the qualities of masculinity/femininity, understanding own real "I" as a representative of a concrete sex ("I am"); a self-rating ("I can"); the requirements of a society, public norms of life, male and female stereotypes ("require"). It is important, that the ideal image of a man or a woman should combine vital and cultural values produced by the mankind during centuries. The gender self-determination is learning an ideal image and transferring it in the internal plan of actions. However ideal of masculinity and femininity in comprehension of modern youth does not coincide with traditional. It derivates a number of problems, which are reflected both in a status of family, and in conditions in a society. Active feminizing of men and masculinizing of women takes place no less than "civil marriages, divorces, decrease of birth rate, increase of quantity of people with nonconventional sexual orientation and distribution of cohabitation, growth of sexual criminality, suicides.}, keywords = {gender self-determination, self-knowledge, sexual identification}, issn = {1822-7864}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1392220550.pdf}, author = {Tatyana Masharova and Tatyana Malova} }