@article {1551,
	title = {CLASSROOM CLIMATE AND STUDENT SELF-EFFICACY IN E-LEARNING},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2022},
	month = {April/2022},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {304-323},
	abstract = {The last two decades have seen significant growth in e-Learning in many institutions, with the main growth engine being significant development of technologies providing access to information. These technologies have dramatically changed how societies and individuals communicate. The current study examined whether the paradigm of good teaching dimensions customary in the research literature can predict students{\textquoteright} self-efficacy and social-academic climate in e-Learning. For this purpose, 147 students from different academic institutions were sampled and asked to choose one course they had studied online, completing a questionnaire on their experience of the course. The questionnaire was divided into four sub-topics, where at first the participants were asked to answer several demographic questions and the rest of the questions were divided by the research variables as follows: the first group of questions dealt with perceived self-efficacy; the second group dealt with the teaching dimensions presented in Hativa{\textquoteright}s (2015) theory, from which select teaching behaviors were extracted. In the final part, the questionnaire examined the social-academic climate during the course. The research results show correlations between the research variables and some of the demographic variables. The higher the respondent{\textquoteright}s age and years of schooling, the higher the lecturer{\textquoteright}s evaluation. Furthermore, men were found to rank lecturers on teaching dimensions significantly lower than did women. Respondent self-efficacy rose with age and years of schooling. Moreover, the higher the participants{\textquoteright} age, the more positive the climate reported, and women tended to rank classroom climate higher than did men.},
	keywords = {classroom climate, e-learning, self-efficacy, teaching dimensions},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/22.80.304},
	url = {https://oaji.net/articles/2022/457-1651338281.pdf},
	author = {Nitza Davidovitch and Roman Yavich}
}
@article {1372,
	title = {THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM: MEDIA HYPE OR EMPIRICALLY BASED EFFECTIVENESS?},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2021},
	month = {April/2021},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {312-332},
	abstract = {Few teaching concepts have received as much attention in recent years as the Flipped Classroom (FC). This is clearly linked to media attention on the concept, which is currently being intensified by the Corona pandemic. In this research, the media rise of the concept is explained and the discrepancy between popularity and empirically validated research results is clarified. While the literature basis for the FC has grown enormously over the last decade, reviews and initial meta-analyses have shown, through their filter criteria, that not many of studies can meet scientific standards. The comparison of individual studies is particularly difficult, because there is no uniformly accepted framework and no uniform definition of the concept. For this reason, one of the goals of this research was to give an overview of the variety of FC definitions, discuss its most controversial characteristics, and to provide the key elements for a definition of the FC. A comparison of selected studies and reviews shows an assessment of the effectiveness of the teaching concept. The findings shed light on potential problems and challenges, and provide directions for future research. },
	keywords = {active learning, digitalization of education, e-learning, flipped classroom},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/21.79.312 },
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1617435140.pdf},
	author = {Lars-Frederik Wei{\ss} and Gunnar Friege}
}
@article {994,
	title = {DESIGNING LEARNING OBJECTS FOR ITALIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A CASE STUDY},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2015},
	month = {December/2015},
	pages = {Discontinuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {52{\textendash}63 },
	abstract = {This research aims at analyzing the effectiveness of SCORM-based e-learning material in introducing companies to innovative practices, specifically the use of Digital Signature and Certified Electronic emails. These two tools have recently become mandatory in the Italian Public Administration, thus forcing them to pursue innovation through dematerialization processes. This innovation involves millions of Italian citizens and companies that now have the opportunity to interact with public bodies in a more efficient and effective way. Nevertheless, neither the Public Administration nor most of the companies (especially Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises - SME) were ready for this radical change in the use of electronic communication. A significant training effort has been delivered to allow end-users to absorb the concepts, tools, methods and procedures that take advantage of citizen-to-government and business-to-government communication. Most of this effort relied on e-learning and virtual communities{\textquoteright} tools and services, providing support to citizens and organizations facing this new technical and organizational challenge. The authors present the successful experience in the design, creation and delivery of the distance learning materials designed for these purposes, together with the best practices and lessons learned.},
	keywords = {dematerialization, e-learning, learning objects, public administration},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/15.68.52},
	url = {http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstract.php?icid=1191866},
	author = {Andrea Molinari}
}
@article {763,
	title = {EDUCATION OF PROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT BASED ON NON-FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2012},
	month = {October/2012},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {116-122},
	abstract = {The present work gives methods on how available information can be presented to as many people as possible in a way that will allow them to assimilate that knowledge. The most appropriate forms of education for the concrete target group are included in informal education. Informal education is divided into informal general education and informal education for the profession or for the professional work. The fact, regarding the method of giving information, has to be considered that people differ from each other, and in accordance with this, it makes a difference as to how they perceive certain information. Regarding this, the forms and methods of education have to be adapted to different types of people. Elements such as people{\textquoteright}s levels of concentration, motivation, non-linear receipt of information, stability of information and obtaining of knowledge are looked at more closely. The rapid development of science and new technology brings with it many opportunities for those who are learning on the one hand, and for those who are working on programs for education on the other hand. Information technology has also led to the development of various educational methods; one of them is the method of e-learning. This paper will discuss the mechanism of informal education called microtraining. The concept of micro training provides information in short bursts (about 15 to 20 minutes long), concisely and in an interesting way. Knowledge has become the main product of micro training in specific fields.},
	keywords = {e-learning, e-learning materials, informal education},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.46.116},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1413728459.pdf},
	author = {Brigita   Polanec and Sre{\v c}ko   Glode{\v z} and Boris Aber{\v s}ek}
}
@article {607,
	title = {SOME ASPECTS REGARDING CONTINUED TEACHER TRAINING FROM BIHOR COUNTY, ROMANIA, USING E-LEARNING},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2011},
	month = {November/2011},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {17-24},
	abstract = {According to the European Commission, e-learning can be defined as the use of new multimedia technologies and the Internet to improve the quality of the learning process, access to resources and services, as well as remote exchanges and collaboration. Therefore, e-learning can be understood as an innovative, interactive and student-centred approach to the educational process. Although the advantages of e-learning are obvious, in Romania the e-learning system is only in its initial stage, and the process of teachers{\textquoteright} continued training is almost nonexistent. This research is an important activity within the project entitled "Inter-regional network of e-learning training for teachers in pre-academic education", which aims to provide teachers with the opportunity to browse on-line courses for life-long /continued education. The objective of this study was to explore teachers{\textquoteright} opinions on the usefulness of information technologies, as well as on the difficulties and the opportunities that arise from using these new technologies for continued training. The sample consisted of 200 teachers who teach in preschools and in primary schools in Bihor County, Romania. As research method a 14 item questionnaire was used, out of which only 4 were analysed within this research. The results of the study show that most teachers use computers for accessing and processing information, their main difficulties being related to the absence of direct and immediate feedback, while the main advantages are given by the special opportunities for personal and professional development. In such circumstances, regardless of chronological age, training teachers using e-learning is a huge challenge, since 79\% of the respondents answered that they wanted to participate in such educational programs.},
	keywords = {continued training, e-learning, teachers{\textquoteright} attitude},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstract.php?icid=968797},
	author = {Valentin Cosmin  Bl{\^a}ndul}
}
@article {586,
	title = {TECHNOLOGY USE FOR COLLABORATION IN BLENDED LEARNING},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2011},
	month = {August/2011},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {83-91},
	abstract = {E-learning traditionally is seen as individually oriented learning. The main effort was on creation of effective learning materials. Development of information and communication technologies (ICT) is bringing new possibilities for e-learning mainly on the area of collaboration. The idea of collaborative learning in e-learning becomes more popular. The main question for research is - is it possible or appropriate to use technology for collaborative learning in blended-learning settings at Liepaja University. Research based on partly structured interviews with lecturers about their experience and future view of usage of ICT as a tool for collaborative learning. Case studies of e-learning part of blended learning shows that lecturers still using e-learning tools mainly for content delivering. And for the future they still see e-learning as tool to make learning materials available. },
	keywords = {blended learning, collaborative learning, e-learning, higher education},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/11.33.83},
	url = {https://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1406576325.pdf},
	author = {Lasma  Ulmane-Ozolina}
}
@article {424,
	title = {THE CONTEMPORARY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SERVICE OF THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION: THE CASE OF GREECE},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {23},
	year = {2010},
	month = {July/2010},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {60-86},
	abstract = {The introduction of technology in general and especially information technology in education is a big change in the educational concepts which has taken place during the last two or three decades all over Europe. Besides, Europe through the process of continuous education improvement tries to maintain maybe the unique but also so much decisive comparative advantage that it possesses against all the other countries of our planet that is nothing else but the quality of its human potential. This article presents with brevity the important steps that the main European countries have made in the introduction of modern technologies of information technology in the primary and secondary education, as well as the process and the problems of their introduction in the Greek school. We believe that this experience will be very useful in a country like Lithuania that has already made very important steps in this sector simultaneously with its successfully continuing transition in the market economy system.},
	keywords = {e-learning, information and communication technologies, primary and secondary education},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=2594594},
	author = {Michalis  Evripiotis and Vassilis  Orfanos}
}
@article {436,
	title = {CREATION OF EDUCATION ACTIVITIES MODELS WITH E-LEARNING SUPPORT},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {24},
	year = {2010},
	month = {October/2010},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {30-37},
	abstract = {Education and possible further studies have become a rather demanding investment. At the time of imperfect technology, i.e. technology of the previous period, it was a very difficult and doubtable task. But, is an ordinary use of new technologies a formula for the solution? We shall try to adequately answer this question. In our contribution we shall introduce educational activities (e-courses) based on cooperation and experimentation within the combined form of education. The aim of the paper is to describe possibilities of using the known methods of modelling of systems, such as modelling with the support of Petri nets and modelling technologies known from the sphere of engineering cybernetics. We shall describe possibilities of creation of a model of educational activity and in conclusion we shall attempt at assessing the educational e-activities in the context of qualitative aspects of the combined education with the support of e-learning based on ISO standard.},
	keywords = {e-course, e-learning, models of learning activities},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=2594529},
	author = {Zolt{\'a}n  Balogh and Milan  Tur{\v c}{\'a}ni}
}
@article {434,
	title = {INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND E-LEARNING CONTRA TEACHER},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {24},
	year = {2010},
	month = {October/2010},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {8-18},
	abstract = {This article presents the results of a pilot research about interaction between e-learning/teaching paradigms and {\textquotedblleft}classical{\textquotedblright} ones, where a {\textquotedblleft}human{\textquotedblright} teacher is the central element. With other words, we analyzed relation between e-teacher and the human one. Because the presented results are gained in a pilot research and so the sample was relatively small, we would like to show how, with the help of statistical methods the reliability of the results can be increased. In our research work we developed different tools and with this pilot research we would like to test, if this tools:
 {\textbullet} are precisely enough and specially if they
 {\textbullet} give us enough reliable results.
 Results of our research in this paper will point out two important conclusions, namely:
 1. the students need (human) teacher and e-material (or e-teacher/tutor) is simply not enough, especially if we would like to reach higher cognitive, long lasting knowledge, and
 2. with appropriate selected statistical methods, also with small sample, we can obtain enough reliable results.},
	keywords = {e-learning, human teacher, ICT},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=2594527},
	author = {Boris Aber{\v s}ek and Kordigel Aber{\v s}ek, M.}
}
@article {310,
	title = {AVOIDING PLAGIARISM IN COMPUTER SCIENCE E-LEARNING COURSES},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {16},
	year = {2009},
	month = {November/2009},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {95-101},
	abstract = {The online knowledge testing and evaluation pose one of the main parts in the area of distance education. Their greatest problem is plagiarism. The authors deal with the term definition of the plagiarism and go into some important facets of the plagiarism prevention and revelation in details. They analyze actual state of the fight against plagiarism in Slovakia and in other countries. They try to classify the kinds of online testing and evaluation activities that are supported in contemporary LMSs in the second part of the paper. They describe their own experience in plagiarism reducing in computer science e-learning courses. Finally, the authors stress out the important role of plagiarism prevention and bring several methods that could reduce the risk of plagiarism in e-learning.},
	keywords = {e-learning, programming},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1396707549.pdf},
	author = {J{\'a}n  Skalka and Martin  Drl{\'\i}k}
}
@article {277,
	title = {MODEL OF ICT IMPLEMENTATION IN THE TECHNICAL EDUCATION},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {14},
	year = {2009},
	month = {October/2009},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {144-158},
	abstract = {The operation of a modern university and its competitiveness on the knowledge market are becoming increasingly dependent on the implementation and use of information and communication technology (ICT) in its educational processes. The University of Maribor is entering the process of changes bringing new dimensions to teaching and learning. The present article presents a research that included students/student teachers of technical education at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics of the University of Maribor and the Faculty of Education of the University of Ljubljana and design and technology teachers. This research was conducted with the aim to study four fundamental issues important for the implementation of ICT in the educational process on the entire vertical of technical education. These are the available computer equipment, beliefs of students/student teachers of technical education and design and technology teachers about the circumstances regarding the use of the computer and individual forms of e-learning in the educational process, their experiences with using the computer in the educational process and their opinion about the applicability of portals as social environments. One of our main findings was that the viewpoints of both students/student teachers of technical education and design and technology teachers regarding the use of the computer in class were positive. Both confirmed that in technical education different forms of e-learning were appropriate. A high percentage of teachers who regularly use educational portals indicate a great interest for the online social environment. The final finding that students/student teachers of technical education and design and technology teachers support the use of the computer for educational purposes importantly influenced further activities related to the implementation of e-learning into the study process and the preparation of an educational portal.},
	keywords = {e-learning, technical education},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1393669179.pdf},
	author = {Mateja Ploj Virti{\v c}}
}
@article {298,
	title = {MODELING AND SIMULATION OF EDUCATION OF NATURAL SCIENCE SUBJECTS WITH E-LEARNING SUPPORT},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {16},
	year = {2009},
	month = {November/2009},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {8-15},
	abstract = {To describe the management of communication between human being and the computer it is appropriate to employ graphic tools in order to describe and formulate the basic rules underlying this interaction. Interaction between student and LMS in the process of teaching and learning is a composite process and it is highly recommended to employ Petri nets for this purpose. The paper aims at presenting the principle of construction of linear and branching learning programmes and their subsequent formulation using Petri nets in education of natural science subjects.
 At present, didactic effectiveness of the e-learning course {\quotedblbase}Operating systems{\textquotedblleft} is verified based on the model created by means of Petri nets. In order not to diminish the power of statistic results of created tests, we shall verify their validity and we shall use reliable and valid measuring procedures for data mining (pretest, posttest) (Munkov{\'a}, Munk, 2007). For the solution of this research problem two methods will be used: analysis of variance and analysis of covariance, where the analysis of variance is more simple and does not require the assumption of the homogeneity of regression in individual groups. On the other hand, interpretation is less valid, when between groups exist differences in the controlled variable (pretest) (Munk, 2007). Similarly to other situations it is recommended to execute both ways of analysing and comparing their results. On condition that the results will be identical we can consider them robust.
 In order to apply new forms and methods of teaching the subject from the area of operating systems of computers, we had to analyse the current state and contents of education process from this subject. After the survey a certain model was designed, which could cause shortening of the progression and increasing of the visualisation of instruction of operating systems, which results in the increase in the knowledge level of students and improves the level of their seminary and final works. The created e-course dealing with operating systems of computers is used as a complementary study material and an aid for the instruction of the subject {\quotedblbase}Principles of construction of operating systems{\textquotedblleft} for students with the focus on informatics. The current results point out to the suitability of application of Petri nets to the creation of instruction supporting e-materials for the students of informatics study programmes realized at the Department of Informatics of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the CPU in Nitra.},
	keywords = {e-learning, modeling process, operating systems},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1396706473.pdf},
	author = {Zolt{\'a}n  Balogh and Milan  Tur{\v c}{\'a}ni}
}
@article {326,
	title = {THE TEN-YEAR HISTORY OF THE PROCESS OF E-LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION AT CZECH UNIVERSITIES},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2009},
	month = {November/2009},
	type = {Original Article},
	chapter = {159-167},
	abstract = {In the course of last ten years eLearning has become a standard in tertiary education. It is time we considered the whole process, which is not long but has been part of everyday life, and influenced the current way of education at all levels. The article deals with the history of the process at Czech universities. It presents documents which supported establishing eLearning as an inseparable part and form of instruction but even set its role in the process of accreditation of new study programmes; it introduces ways of evaluation of the whole process and single possibilities which eLearning tools offer for teaching various subjects; it provides survey on how eLearning is really used at Czech universities. As the University of Hradec Kralove, mainly the Faculty of Informatics and Management, was the leader in this process, methods used in the process of ICT implementation and ways of evaluation could have been later applied at other Czech and other universities. },
	keywords = {distance learning, e-learning},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1399915159.pdf},
	author = {Petra  Poulova and Ivana  {\v S}imonova}
}
@article {94,
	title = {BLENDED LEARNING AND TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {April/2008},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {69-74},
	abstract = {Teachers are all the time looking for different ways of increasing the quality of their teaching. At present the use of computers and new technologies has become an important aspect of foreign language learning. They have enabled the language teaching community to redefine some of the strategies and concepts of teaching and learning. In this climate computer-based distance learning courses have emerged. One of the supports of the distance learning is e-learning, which is widely used at the University of Hradec Kr{\'a}lov{\'e}. Sometimes e-learning is also exploited in the so-called blended learning. The talk will concentrate on the perception of the term blended learning, its possible model and contribution. In conclusion one of the representative blended courses will be introduced. },
	keywords = {blended learning, e-learning, language learning},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1392223836.pdf},
	author = {Blanka Kl{\'\i}mov{\'a}}
}
@article {97,
	title = {INTERACTIVE LEARNING MODELLS OF THE ELEARNING IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {April/2008},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {87-97},
	abstract = {The nature of the interactive teaching learning process is approached from various perspectives. First, I will talk about the nature of multimodel interactions in the eLearning teaching learning processes with systematic approach. Second, I would like to present the efficiency of using the Interactive Study System. {\textbullet} Third, the structured, programmed features of on-line educational materials, the visualisation of media elements, the simulation, the possibilities of testing and improving efficiency offers the introduction and application of modern electronic examination methods.},
	keywords = {e-learning, interactional level, problem-solving thinking},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1392223975.pdf},
	author = {Lenke Par{\'a}zs{\'o}}
}
@article {99,
	title = {PROGRAMMING ONE{\textquoteright}S OWN STAND-ALONE TEACHING AIDS FOR STUDENTS OF MATHEMATICAL SUBJECTS},
	journal = {Problems of Education in the 21st Century },
	volume = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {April/2008},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {105-112},
	abstract = {The article encourages teachers to program their own applications {\textendash} mathematical teaching aids. It discusses the issue of teaching aids for students in mathematical subjects from the point of view of their accessibility, i.e. especially what software equipment students are required to use in order to actually use the aids. A number of aids require that either specialized mathematical software such as Maple, MATLAB or Mathematica is installed at the client computer {\textendash} i.e. that the student bought a license of the software, or that specialized software is installed at the university server(s). The article focuses on situations when neither of the conditions is possible. Comments on programming teaching aids which can be used with minimum requirements at the client side (typically Internet connection only) are included. First, the overview of possibilities is given. Later, the issue of PHP based applications is explored. The article includes examples of existing teaching aids prepared by a non-programmer.},
	keywords = {e-learning, programming, teaching mathematics},
	issn = {1822-7864},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1392224072.pdf},
	author = {Michal Nov{\'a}k}
}
