The aim of the study is the examination of philosophical-anthropological foundations of historical models and conceptions of the approach to disabled people in the European context. We proceed from our existing studies on the reflection of human and from the model of education in the traditions of European thinking (Kudláčová, 2003, 2006a), since we consider the history of education of the disabled being a part of general history of education. We also aim to identify anthropological background of individual conceptions of approaches to the disabled people within the scope of special pedagogy according to Scholz (2007). Concerning this classification range, we preferentially deal with the examination of inclusive approach to the disabled people. The outcome of our analyses is a tabular summary of the development of approach to disabled people in a wider context of understanding of human and ideas of education in the European thinking.