Language is a catalyst of cognitive change during early childhood. Identification and assessment are crucial in speech therapy, especially in early years. The aim of current research is focused in children between 2;0 and 3;11 years old – to test preschooler’s comprehension of the language (RDSL) and active vocabulary (HYKS) Parents fulfil the questionnaire about the family’s background. Research group: 333 children. The article provides an overview of the Estonian children’s speech and language level and its dependence on children cultural, social and economical environments.