@article {247, title = {INVOLVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES IN OPERATIONAL PLANNING OF MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES: LATVIA EXPERIENCE}, journal = {Problems of Management in the 21st Century}, volume = {16}, year = {2021}, month = {December/2021}, pages = {Continuous}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {87-101}, abstract = {The main feature of teamwork is a common goal, and the involvement of employees is essential to its achievement. In a wider scope, it is understood not only by the involvement of employees in decision-making but also as the involvement of employees in operational planning and strategic issues. Research aim is to find out whether the involvement of employees in decision-making, goal setting and planning is inherent in manufacturing enterprises. According to a survey of 268 different level employees of 25 manufacturing enterprises in Latvia, it was found out that involvement of all employees in the decision-making process is not perceived by the enterprises{\textquoteleft} performance and strategic planning, and the involvement of employees in decision-making and goal setting can only be seen within the department. }, keywords = {decision-making, Employee involvement, goal setting, manufacturing enterprise, operational planning, teamwork}, issn = {2029-6932}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pmc/21.16.87}, url = {https://oaji.net/articles/2021/450-1640180599.pdf}, author = {Di{\={a}}na Liduma and Inese Lusena-Ezera} } @article {162, title = {CONTEMPORARY MUSIC PRODUCT SELLING EXPERIENCE IN LATVIA AND EUROPE}, journal = {Problems of Management in the 21st Century}, volume = {13}, year = {2018}, month = {August/2018}, pages = {Continuous}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {18-33}, abstract = {During the age when outcomes of the creative process develop in a great diversity, the issue about product sales and appropriate marketing implementation becomes topical both in clients{\textquoteright} attraction and in the existing products competition from the side of culture organizations{\textquoteright} management. The aim of the research is on the basis of the analysis outcomes of the international and Latvian leading contemporary music festivals and concert organizers{\textquoteright} work experience determine the currently existing trends in contemporary music product sales, including the most appropriate marketing activities for clients{\textquoteright} attraction. Within the framework of research, the survey of managers and marketing specialists (in total 22, incl.13 foreign and 9 local organizers) of working organizations in the branch on Latvian and European scale and 138 listeners of contemporary music festivals and concerts in Latvia has been carried out. In the research it is discovered that contemporary music from the point of priority takes the second place in European concert organizers{\textquoteright} programmes and the third place from the point of interests among listeners in Latvia. The values included in the concert organizers{\textquoteright} products in Europe and Latvia {\textendash} high level performers{\textquoteright} performance, an interesting programme and innovative content, coincide with the hearers{\textquoteright} main reasons for the choice of the event. Concert organizers in Latvia also see the significance in the offer of classical values, combining them with education and alternative content, but concert organizers in Europe {\textendash} educating content in combination with alternative environment. The research outcomes reveal that contemporary music in Latvia is regularly consumed by about 40\% of total listeners{\textquoteright} number, in Europe the regular consumers{\textquoteright} proportion reaches 50\% listeners. In Latvia, despite the critical demographic situation, the tendency of concert attendance is increasing in comparison with other European countries, where it is assessed as firmly stable. According to the obtained data in the research, in the contemporary music product sales the most essential information channel is the social media, which is used for information acquisition by 43\% listeners in Latvia, but for information provision it is used by 47\% concert organizers in Latvia and 40\% in Europe. In the Latvian concert organizers{\textquoteright} practice outdoor advertising (20\%) is also popular and forms the point of listeners {\textendash} posters (31\%). Concert organizers in Europe create additional creative products for interest, apply public relations and the integrated marketing communication. The research outcomes have revealed the need for the concert organizers to focus on marketing communication and society{\textquoteright}s education issues both in culture-policy of updates and collegial cooperation promotion among event creators in the branch for the contemporary music product sales. }, keywords = {concert organizers, contemporary music festival, culture product, marketing activities}, issn = {2029-6932}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pmc/18.13.18}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2017/450-1534000996.pdf}, author = {Di{\={a}}na Liduma and Arijs Orlovskis and Uldis Dri{\v s}luks and Antra Drege} } @article {148, title = {FACTORS AFFECTING INNOVATIONS IN SERVICE SECTOR ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF LIEPAJA}, journal = {Problems of Management in the 21st Century}, volume = {12}, year = {2017}, month = {June/2017}, pages = {Continuous}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {69-81}, abstract = {Within the framework of the research, it was clarified that there is a trend in the service companies in Liepaja to rely more on the technological innovations. That differs from the dominating trend in this sector to introduce the non-technological innovations. Considering the common trend in Latvia that the number of innovative service companies is decreasing, the factors preventing the introduction specifically in the service companies in Liepaja were identified in the research. Aim of the research is to clarify the opinion of managers of service companies in Liepaja about the factors affecting introduction of innovation. Within the framework of the research, 31 highest-level managers of Liepaja City service sector and municipal companies were inquired. The results of the research showed that 90\% of respondents have introduced at least one form of innovations since January 2014. It was established that the main forms of innovations by object in the service companies in Liepaja are product or process innovations. Only 35\% of the managers could clearly answer about their plans to introduce innovations in the future. That demonstrates the lack of strategy and innovations in the management and short-term planning in the companies. The results of the research allowed concluding that the main factor delaying innovations in the service companies was the shortage of financial resources. The lack of qualified staff was mentioned by the managers as an insuperable problem to introduce innovations. }, keywords = {forms and factors of innovations, innovative business, service companies}, issn = {2029-6932}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pmc/17.12.69}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2017/450-1500448535.pdf}, author = {Daina Vasilevska and Di{\={a}}na Liduma and Kitija Melberga} } @article {155, title = {RECREATION OFFER AND COMPETENCES NEEDED FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN ACCOMMODATION ENTERPRISES OF KURZEME REGION IN LATVIA}, journal = {Problems of Management in the 21st Century}, volume = {12}, year = {2017}, month = {December/2017}, pages = {Continuous}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {122-135}, abstract = {Due to changes in tourism habits when planning development of tourism industry both on national and regional scale, the significance of recreation is highlighted. As a result, in tourism products made by guest accommodation enterprises the recreation offer is included more and more often. Within the research it has been found out that in guest accommodation enterprises in Kurzeme, in addition to accommodation opportunities, the offer of catering dominates, but regarding recreation activities- walking and relaxation in nature. The offer of bath-house treatment and cycling are more popular than SPA procedure and water attractions. The tendency of relaxation and entertainment event organization also increases in the companies. One realized imperfection of the offer is the tendency that in half of the regional accommodation enterprises the arrangement of relaxation activities has to be provided by the clients themselves. The aim of the research is to find out the offer of the current recreation in guest accommodation enterprises in Kurzeme Region and the necessary employees{\textquoteright} competences for its further development. Within the research a survey of 32 managers of guest accommodation enterprises in Kurzeme Region was carried out. The outcomes of the research reveal that additional services to accommodation are offered by 55\% guest accommodation enterprises of Kurzeme. However, in 53.1\% cases the clients, staying at a guest accommodation enterprise in Kurzeme Region, have to provide arrangement of relaxation activities themselves. Only one fifth (21.9\%) of the companies provide it involving a specialist working for the company. Complex recreation programmes are offered by 9.7\%, but separate recreation activities by 29\% guest accommodation enterprises. Managers of guest accommodation enterprises in Kurzeme are aware of the potential in sports recreation events and relaxation activity organization. The outcomes of the research showed that the main competences necessary for the employees of guest accommodation enterprises, according to the managers of the companies, are language skills and the ability to make decisions and solve problem-situations. In 15.6\% of the enterprises a manager for relaxation arrangements would be needed right now. }, keywords = {competences, guest accommodation, recreation activities, recreation offer, specialists of recreation, survey}, issn = {2029-6932}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pmc/17.12.122}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2017/450-1515833545.pdf}, author = {Di{\={a}}na Liduma and Ilze Grospina and Zane Gusta} } @article {135, title = {DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT: FUTURE CHALLENGES OF LIEPAJA{\textquoteleft} S TRAM (LATVIA)}, journal = {Problems of Management in the 21st Century}, volume = {11}, year = {2016}, month = {June/2016}, pages = {Continuous}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {16-28}, abstract = {Transport has always had an important role in the lifestyle of population and development of economy, but the public transport performs mainly the social function {\textendash} it works for the benefit of the society. Development and quality of services must be provided also for the public transport companies, however, we meet different problems related to infrastructure and traffic for this to happen. To successfully manage and develop a public transport company, it is essential to change the thinking of people in favour of the public transport, not for the personal transport. It is necessary to ensure the sustainability as the main value, which means selection of the right public transport system. The authors relied on the experience of formation of a unified transport system in the world and Latvia{\textquoteright}s largest cities{\textquoteright} strategic vision for public transport development. Taking into account the fact that Liepaja is one the three cities in Latvia where the public transport service is provided by a tram, an empiric research was made. Its aim was to clarify the opinion of the inhabitants of Liepaja, regarding the services provided by Liepaja trams, regarding the possible improvements and necessity for development. 200 inhabitants of Liepaja were questioned within the framework of the research. The results of the research revealed that although the tram provides daily the inhabitants of Liepaja with the movement possibilities, unfortunately inhabitants are not ready yet to replace their personal transport with the public transport {\textendash} tram to settle their daily problems. The results of the research allowed to conclude that future development possibilities and perspectives of the tram in Liepaja City can be related mainly with the creation of a new route, purchase of new carriages and unified public transport system in Liepaja City. }, keywords = {availability and sustainability, Liepaja tram, public transport, social function of public transport}, issn = {2029-6932}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pmc/16.11.16}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2016/450-1468166476.pdf}, author = {Di{\={a}}na Liduma and Aija Kairena and Inese Lusena-Ezera and Monta {\v S}imkus} } @article {124, title = {COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEADING PORTS OF LATVIA: COMPETITIVENESS OF LIEPAJA PORT}, journal = {Problems of Management in the 21st Century}, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, month = {June/2015}, pages = {Continuous}, type = {Original article}, chapter = {26-36}, abstract = {There are 10 operating ports in Latvia and 3 of them {\textendash} Liepaja, Ventspils and Riga ports are regarded as the leading commercial ports. Role of port operation in the economics of region and country is essential from the point of view of employment and entrepreneurship. This is based with data on investment of operation of Latvian ports in GDP, on average it is assessed to be 5-7\% annually. In the context of employment, Liepaja Port gives work to 6.9\% of human resources of the city. However, concern about the competitiveness of Liepaja Port influenced by the proximity of more developed competitive ports, technical possibilities of the port and dynamics of freight turnover has occurred in recent years. Therewith in framework of this article in the context of such criteria as location of ports and their technical parameters, volumes of freight, specialization and costs of ports, the operation of leading ports of Latvia is intercompared and analyzed by clarifying whether Liepaja Port is competitive among other ports of Latvia. Opinions of port experts on perspectives of port development and statistical data of ports from 2011-2013 are analyzed within the framework of the article. The aim of the research is to clarify the comparative advantages of ports of Latvia. The research revealed that the provision of competitiveness of Liepaja Port is to be related with application of the available free territories, advantages of location in relation to the Scandinavian market, and the necessity to develop the cooperation among ports of Latvia to offer joint freight acquisition, distributions and unified logistics solution and strengthen the position of ports in the circumstances of international competition. }, keywords = {competitiveness of ports, freight turnover, port parameters}, issn = {2029-6932}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/pmc/15.10.26}, url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2015/450-1437201705.pdf}, author = {Di{\={a}}na Liduma and Aija Kairena and M{\={a}}ris Priedens} }