<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tufan İnaltekin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tolga Saka</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LOWER-SECONDARY STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING OF CONSTANT VELOCITY MOTION GRAPHS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constant velocity motion graph</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">graphic literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921393.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In science, one of the most crucial representations for constructing meaning about physical events is graphs. The first graph students encounter in science class is the constant velocity motion graph. Therefore, examining students' understanding of structuring and interpreting these graphs for the relationship between distance, time, and velocity may provide significant clues for their future understanding of more complex motion graphs. The constant velocity motion graph interpretation and structuring understanding of 6th-grade secondary school students were explored. It was conducted with 97 students from a small-scale province in the east of Türkiye. The data were collected using the “Form on Interpretation and Construction Skills of Constant Velocity Motion Graphs.” The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. It was found that the students mostly used irrelevant reasoning and symbolic reasoning, and the least multiple variable reasoning for graph interpretation. In addition, it was determined that students used irrelevant reasoning the most and single variable reasoning the least in all questions prepared for graph structuring. These results suggest that many students find it difficult to understand complex motion graph questions in the future.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105-121</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tolga Saka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tufan Inaltekin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE TYPE AND QUALITY OF QUESTIONS ASKED BY A SCIENCE TEACHER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom observation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher questioning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960881.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring science teachers' classroom assessment behaviors is a way to understand the professional knowledge competencies underlying effective teaching practices. One of the most important components of in-class assessments is teacher questions. However, studies examining teacher questions that provide support to accurately determine student learning and manage the lesson effectively are quite limited. This research presents a case study of a science teacher in Turkey regarding the question types and questioning proficiency in the teaching of 5th grade &quot;Measurement of Force and Friction&quot; and &quot;Matter and Change&quot;. The data have been collected through course observations. The study used an observation evaluation protocol to analyze the video recordings taken from the science teacher's lectures. The results of this study showed that about half of the questions that the science teacher has asked in his class remain at a partially appropriate and inappropriate level, and that the teacher mostly prefers questions that aim to evaluate real information and summarize what is important in his courses. These results point to the need for professional development on a teacher's questioning practices. Therefore, it can be said that those who plan professional development programs for science teachers should consider efforts to improve teacher questioning practices.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83-99</style></section></record></records></xml>