<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF LIGHT PROPAGATION TIME FOR 10- AND 14-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS: DIDACTICAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-sectional research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light propagation time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359871.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student’s mental representations of physical concepts are often different from those of scientists. The research aimed to identify and compare mental representations of light propagation time by school children aged 10 (132 subjects), and 14 (109 subjects) years old. This research was conducted through individual interviews in which the students were asked to locate light propagation time in various tasks-experimental situations. The results of this research show that even though the students of two groups face difficulties in understanding light propagation time, as they grow older, they make statistically significant progress in constructing the conception of light propagation time. These findings allow to seek out educational perspectives on the understanding of the conception of light propagation time in organised scholastic environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">276-285</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHILDHOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION: STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empiricist approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-cognitive approaches</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching applications</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963588.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The last twenty-five years have seen an increase in the development of an area of educational research and implementation which is known internationally as Early Childhood Science Education. In fact, this is a broad framework within which different theoretical trends coexist with corresponding research orientations and fields of teaching applications. These trends converge in an effort to study the mechanisms of initiation of children aged 4-8 years into the properties of the materials and objects and into the phenomena and concepts of Natural Sciences. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">284-288</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Kampeza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angeliki Vellopoulou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glykeria Fragkiadaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EXPANSION THERMOMETER IN PRESCHOOLERS’ THINKING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expansion thermometer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschoolers’ representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916899.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children form representations of concepts, physical phenomena and technical objects which are critical to teaching and learning. In addition, they are familiar with the everyday usefulness of many particular objects, although it is not certain that they associate them with the scientific aspects of their function. In this research, preschoolers’ representations of the expansion thermometer were explored, as well as their ability to distinguish it as a specialized technical tool. The sample consisted of 111 children (53 boys and 58 girls) aged 5-6 years from 9 public kindergartens in Patras, Greece and data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The results demonstrated that although some children replied in a satisfactory way to all interview questions, the majority of the children were not able to distinguish the thermometer as a particular object and struggled with its function, so the suggestion for it to be used in curricula and/or educational activity books should be made cautiously.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185–193 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glykeria Fragkiadaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CLOUDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pupils’ representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473431297.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children construct representations of concepts and physical phenomena and these representations are critical to education. The natural phenomenon of clouds is perceivable and also observable by young children in everyday life. Moreover, it is a subject approached by the early childhood science education curriculums. However, in several studies it is noticed that the related children’s representations are often incompatible with the scientific model, mainly because of its character, which is macroscopic and not immediately observable. In this research, clouds representations framed by children aged 4.5-6 years old are studied. The sample consisted of sixteen (16) children (7 boys and 9 girls) from one public kindergarten in an urban area of Greece. Data were collected through expanded, open type conversations between children pairs and one of the researchers. The results of the qualitative analysis of the conversations show that these children use different types of representations, the majority dominated by the nature of the substance under study. The outcome of the research results indicates the potentials of preschool children to perceive clouds as autonomous natural entities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267–274</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vassiliki Ntalakoura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHANGING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S REPRESENTATIONS OF LIGHT: A SCRATCH BASED TEACHING APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">precursor model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool pupils’ representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scratch software</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063071.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research presented here studied preschool children’s representations of light. A teaching intervention was also carried out, with an aim to construct in children’s thinking a precursor model according to which light is recognized as an autonomous entity, which is independent of the light sources and the results it causes. The teaching intervention was conducted through the use of special software created in a scratch environment. The study, consisting of three phases (pre-test, teaching intervention and post-test), included 30 children aged 4-6 years. The results of the research showed that in the children’s initial mental representations light is identified mainly with light sources. After the teaching intervention, a large percentage of the children had constructed a precursor model which was compatible with the scientific one, based upon which children recognize light as an autonomous entity. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191-200</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George Vorvilas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thanassis Karalis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DESIGNING LEARNING OBJECTS: A GENRE-BASED APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content objects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning objects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimodal macrogenres</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rhetorical structure theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008579.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the present paper, a genre-based conceptual framework for interpreting and designing content for learning objects is proposed. Learning objects are considered here as multimodal macrogenres. These macrogenres are constituted of content objects which are in fact types of digital microgenres. The successful and coherent information linking of these content objects inside a LO can be achieved through particular rhetorical relations. The knowledge of the several types of digital microgenres as well as the rhetorical relations between them, can equip an author/teacher with a repertoire of semiotic concepts, which make him capable of interpreting already made material, as well as creating new and coherent material, in order to affect and motivate students in particular ways, through his intended communicative and educational purposes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114-126 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panagiotis Pantidos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evangelos Vitoratos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF NINTH GRADE STUDENTS: THE CASE OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">properties of the magnetic field</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ mental representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404741157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study of students’ mental representations of Natural Sciences concepts and phenomena constitutes a central part of Science Education research, as they play a decisive role in teaching. In the study presented here, we investigate 157 ninth grade students’ mental representations of the magnetic field, after they were taught about it in school. The empirical data was gathered through an interview using 4 tasks which involved the evaluation of actual or hypothetical situations. The research data included mental representations that cause difficulty in the comprehension of the properties of the magnetic field.
The results of all four tasks show that the students face considerable difficulty in evaluating actual or hypothetical experimental situations involving the application of the properties of the magnetic field. It is indicative that, with the exception of the task concerning the exertion of magnetic forces in air to which approximately 4 out of 10 students responded adequately, in the remainder of the tasks only about 1 out of 10 students are able to fully process the situations presented, to express reasoning and formulate hypotheses based on declarative school knowledge. Of course, this is not solely due to the inadequate comprehension of magnetic properties (as in Task 4, concerning the permanent magnetisation of certain substances), as well as the inability to correlate characteristics caused by the magnetic field and the rest of the characteristics of the experimental situation. For example, as we saw in Task 3, the exertion of interactive forces on the magnetic field is closely linked to the question of interactive forces within a field, which is a problem we generally come across (Solomonidou &amp; Kolokotronis, 2001). We could, therefore, address the question of organising the appropriate teaching activities in order to make the properties of the magnetic field better understood, as well as the question of reorganising sections of the curriculum in order for the study of magnetic properties to become systematically linked to questions of the general properties and the nature of fields. Especially, the discussion about tasks 2 and 3 indicates that any teaching intervention about magnetic field is fruitful to be designed in connection students’ mental representations about Newtonian model. 
Moreover, it appears that a discussion concerning a satisfactory comprehension of the magnetic field has to encompass not only the specific properties of the magnetic field, but also the special applications of these properties in various experimental situations. This will make it possible for students to elaborate magnetic properties in a functional way and to alternate back and forth between the model and reality, finally arriving at the construction of the model of the magnetic field. This sequence of steps is very important since, as the results of our study have shown, students who merely followed conventional lessons on the magnetic field and had already completed the first round of a qualitative approach to magnetic and electromagnetic phenomena have considerable difficulty in using the fundamental properties of the magnetic field.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-60 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean  Boilevin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO THE REPRESENTATION OF LIGHT FOR FIVE-, EIGHT- AND TEN-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN: DIDACTICAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children’s representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactics of physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the concept of light</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740300.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children’s mental representations of physical concepts and phenomena are often different from those of scientists. In this paper we investigate the issue of understanding light in space as an entity by schoolchildren aged 5 (127 subjects), 8 (142 subjects) and 10 (132 subjects), before they receive any systematic teaching in school. This research was conducted through individual interviews in which the children were asked to talk about light and its results and to locate it in various experimental situations. The results of this study show that even though all the children of all ages have difficulty understanding light as an entity in space, as they grow older they make significant progress in disconnecting light from light sources. These findings allow us to seek out educational perspectives on the understanding of the concept of light in organised scholastic environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">182-190 </style></section></record></records></xml>