<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ying Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuqin Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yongkang Chu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiazhen Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuhui Zheng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIRTUAL LABORATORIES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: UNVEILING TRAJECTORIES, THEMES, AND EMERGING PARADIGMS (2013-2023)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometrics analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trends</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729496168.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virtual laboratories are transformative tools in science education, yet comprehensive reviews of their prospects are limited. This study addresses this gap through a bibliometric analysis of 218 articles published between 2013 and 2023. Key findings included: (1) research has evolved from initial exploration to rapid expansion; (2) virtual labs have demonstrated adaptability across various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and medicine; (3) five research trajectories focus on virtual labs, science education, and computer-based learning; and (4) eight research topics, such as comparisons with physical labs and student performance, have gained prominence. These findings had implications for educational practices, research methodologies, and policy considerations. For educational practices, virtual laboratories offer benefits by removing the need for physical resources, providing flexible delivery, enabling safe exploration, fostering engagement through hands-on experimentation, and enhancing understanding with immersive experiences. For research, virtual labs improve learning and analytical skills, generate detailed data on student behaviors and learning patterns, and lead to innovations in teaching methods and curriculum design. For policymakers, strategic planning is needed to create supportive policies for the effective adoption of virtual labs, including teacher training, infrastructure development, and curriculum integration, making science education more accessible and equitable for all students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">990-1009</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Yakob</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ratih Permana Sari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molani Paulina Hasibuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nahadi Nahadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sjaeful Anwar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Islami, R. A. Z.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE FEASIBILITY OF AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT THROUGH VIRTUAL LABORATORY LEARNING AND ITS EFFECT ON INCREASING STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC PERFORMANCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">authentic assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expert validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693763628.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the virtual laboratory learning process, students' scientific abilities in solving a problem are very important to explore. This study aims to develop classroom-based authentic assessment instruments through virtual laboratory learning in chemistry to see an increase in students' scientific performance. The research was conducted at a public high school in Langsa City with a sample of 11th-grade students Academic Year 2021/2022, the utilized subjects being a total of 118 students taken based on purposive sampling. The research data are needs analysis through interviews with chemistry teachers who have implemented technology-based learning, analyzing the feasibility of instruments through expert validation questionnaires before the learning process, and scientific performance through learning observation sheets during the learning process. The increase in students' scientific performance data was then analyzed using the N-Gain formula and t-test to see the difference in improvement after the authentic assessment was applied. The results show that authentic assessment is feasible to use an increase in students' scientific performance. From the small-scale test, the students' scientific performance was a high category and there is a significant difference in improvement. The use of authentic assessment through virtual laboratories is expected to provide active learning solutions to improve student learning outcomes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">631-640</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aysegul Kınık Topalsan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SKILLS OF SCIENCE TEACHING THROUGH ARGUMENT-FOCUSED VIRTUAL LABORATORY APPLICATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation-based experimental learning methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semi-structured interviews</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214587.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research designed within the scope of a TUBITAK 4005 project aimed to give science teachers training on argumentation-based learning, to provide them with scientific inquiry experience, to ensure that they gain skills to develop argumentation-based experimental learning methods. Throughout the research, 100 science teachers were given a four-day (28 hours in total) training program in virtual labs that would enable them to make scientific inquiries through argumentation-based experimental activities developed in accordance with the science curriculum. The “Opinion Scale for the Virtual Lab” and the “Principles of Scientific Inquiry- Teacher” were applied to the participants as a pre-test and post-test. Following the implementation phase, the “Assessing Argumentation-based Science Learning Activities- Scale” was applied to the participating students and teachers. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with randomly selected 15 teachers and 15 students. When all the obtained data were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, a statistically moderate effect was determined on the teachers' post-test scores from the “Opinion Scale for the Virtual Lab” and the “Principles of Scientific Inquiry- Teacher.” Also, the participating students and teachers mostly expressed positive views in the “Assessing Argumentation-based Science Learning Activities- Scale” applied after the implementation phase.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">628-646</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeng-Fung Hung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chun-Yen Tsai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF A VIRTUAL LABORATORY AND META-COGNITIVE SCAFFOLDING ON STUDENTS' DATA MODELING COMPETENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">data modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-cognitive scaffolding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572541.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous studies on the effectiveness of virtual laboratories for learning have shown inconsistent results over the past decade. The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of a virtual laboratory and meta-cognitive scaffolding on students' data modeling competences. A quasi-experimental design was used. Three classes of eighth graders from southern Taiwan participated in this research and were assigned to the Experimental Group Ⅰ (EG Ⅰ), the Experimental Group Ⅱ (EG Ⅱ), and the Control Group (CG). EG Ⅰ (n=25) received the virtual laboratory and meta-cognitive scaffolding in the teaching and learning. EG Ⅱ (n=28) received the virtual laboratory only in the teaching and learning. The CG (n=27) received the lecture with the cookbook laboratory. The teaching unit was Heat and Specific Heat, and the teaching time for the three groups was six lessons (of 45 minutes each). The Data Modeling Competences Test (DMCT) designed by the research team was used as the data collection instrument. The results showed that the virtual laboratory and meta-cognitive scaffolding had effects on students' data modeling competences. This research shows the importance of the meta-cognitive scaffolding strategy for virtual laboratories when conducting data modeling teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">923-939</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataša Rizman Herga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saša A. Glažar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dejan Dinevski</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DYNAMIC VISUALIZATION IN THE VIRTUAL LABORATORY ENHANCES THE FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamic visualization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">submicroscopic level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In natural science education it is important that the macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic levels are interconnected in a student’s mind. Primary school children have the greatest difficulty in understanding the sub-microscopic, which is outside their experiential framework. This research examines the classroom application of the virtual laboratory in integrating macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic aspects of chemistry. Pupils of the seventh grade, aged between 12 and 13 years (N = 225), participated in the didactic experiment that was conducted in ten primary schools in Slovenia. The fundamental research question was whether pupils studying the same natural science content using the virtual laboratory performed better than those who did not. The results of the experiment revealed that in terms of knowledge acquisition the use of a virtual laboratory improved pupil performance in relation to those who did not use elements of dynamic visualisation in the classroom. In accordance with Bloom’s cognitive scale, it was demonstrated that in relation to basic, higher and advanced levels of knowledge and comprehension, the use of the virtual laboratory positively influences pupils’ understanding of selected concepts in chemistry. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">351-365</style></section></record></records></xml>