<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Paul Canuto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorothy Silva</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES IN USING 3D PENS FOR PRIMARY BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D pens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D printed models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philippines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary biology and chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713321</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three-dimensional (3D) pens are emerging educational tools that enable users to create tangible, freeform 3D printed models. However, their pedagogical potential in science education remains underexplored. This study examined pre-service teachers’ experiences using 3D pens to create models for primary biology and chemistry education, focusing on their development of science skills, perceptions, and problems encountered. Thirty-four Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) pre-service teachers from a state university campus in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines, participated in a sequential explanatory mixed-method design. Results revealed that the pre-service teachers strongly agreed that using 3D pens enhanced their creativity and technological skills. They encountered problems such as the pens’ need for a constant power supply, unpleasant filament odors, and difficulty in creating precise and durable models. They noted the lack of skills and mastery in using the pens, as well as the need for extended user practice. This study supports that 3D pens are accessible and innovative tools that can enhance primary biology and chemistry lessons. It further implies that teacher education programs can adopt the pens, equipping future educators with experiential competence in delivering engaging, student-centered science learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-1100</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Paul Canuto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEPTIONS OF PRIMARY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS IN THE UTILIZATION OF PLANT IDENTIFICATION APPS AS EDUCATIONAL TOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LeafSnap</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PictureThis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant identification apps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PlantNet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653496.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant identification apps make learning about plants more convenient. This study explored the participants' perceptions of using three plant identification apps, PlantNet, PictureThis, and LeafSnap, as potential educational tools. Problems experienced, differences in perceptions, and the participants' most preferred apps were also determined. Through purposive sampling, the study engaged 162 primary pre-service teachers in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines. Data were collected through a developed questionnaire and analysed quantitatively. The questionnaire was reliable with an identified single component for perception. Participants first explored and used the apps to identify local plants, thereafter, responding through an online questionnaire. Results showed that participants strongly perceived the apps as engaging, helpful in plant identification, easy to browse, providing details, effective as emerging tools, and significant for scientific literacy, except for consistency of results. There were significant differences, but with small effect sizes, indicating negligible differences in the perceptions of male and female participants regarding the apps' consistency of results and effectiveness. Weak internet connection was the primary issue affecting the apps' utilization. The pre-service teachers preferred LeafSnap over PictureThis and PlantNet. Conclusively, this study affirmed the potential of the apps for students learning about plants, further supporting their feasibility as emerging educational tools.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">799-812</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eser Ültay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metaphorical perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122730.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metaphors are expressions that are frequently used in people's minds to explain concepts with other unrelated concepts and have a personal emphasis on learning. The purpose of this study is to determine and interpret the metaphorical perceptions of primary school pre-service teachers towards environmental pollution. The &quot;phenomenology&quot; research design was used in this study. The study group of this research consists of a total of 372 primary pre-service teachers. Data were collected using semi-structured forms to determine the metaphorical perceptions of primary school pre-service teachers. The pre-service teachers were asked to complete the sentence, &quot;Environmental pollution is like... because....&quot;. At the conclusion of multiple comparisons, by the relation degree between environmental pollution and its metaphors, it was determined that significant difference was in favour of the 2nd year between the 2nd and 4th years and in favour of the 3rd year between the 3rd and 4th years. As a result of the research, it was discovered that the majority of the metaphors produced by the pre-service teachers were in the &quot;human&quot; and &quot;harmful/dangerous/uncomfortable situations&quot; categories. Furthermore, the study discovered that as the year level increased, the number of related metaphors about environmental pollution decreased. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275-287</style></section></record></records></xml>