<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet   Yakışan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBSTACLES TO THE LEARNING OF SOME PLANT CONCEPTS: SEED FORMATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning difficulties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning obstacles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913725</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some learning obstacles prevent students from learning and understanding many biology topics. This study aims to identify the learning obstacles that prevent students from learning concepts related to seeds and seed formation, and to determine the cognitive structures that are affected by these obstacles. Eighty-two students from universities participated in the study. Students were asked to explain how multiple seeds in different fruits are formed by drawing. Students stated that the formation of multiple seeds was related to mitosis and meiosis occurring in different structures, and cells within the ovary, the number of ovaries, the number and structure of pollen grains fertilising the egg, or the type of fruit. Analysis of the findings reveals several learning obstacles that prevent students from understanding the subject and answering related questions correctly. It was concluded that students were unaware that the ovule is a separate structure within the ovary, or their perception that the ovary always contains only a single ovule, prevented their learning of these topics. The primary cause of these didactic learning obstacles is the depiction of ovarian models in textbooks and teaching materials that present only a single ovule. It is recommended that the content of textbooks and teaching methods be reorganised with attention to these types of learning obstacles, as they form the basis of these. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">444-460</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalender Arıkan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ASSOCIATION OF LEARNING STYLES WITH KNOWLEDGE AND PERFORMANCE IN VERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning outcomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual and verbal knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740920932.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning style (LS), either visual or verbal, has become debatable in the field of education vis-à-vis its relation to student success. However, it remains a valuable research theme for improving learning activities in the teaching of highly visual science fields, including biology, physics, and chemistry. Previous studies have primarily focused on the success of participants in the courses they took according to their predetermined learning preferences. Conversely, in this study, all participants attended the vertebrate course and took the same tests. Notably, this study aimed to reveal the relationship between participants' LS, the type of acquired knowledge (visual or verbal), and the retention of knowledge. Accordingly, a self-reported, revised Visualizer-Verbalizer Questionnaire (VVQ) and interviews were used to assess participants' (N = 66; 38 females and 28 males) LS. According to the study results, the visualizers’ identification test scores correlate with LS in the first tests, while those of the verbalizers do not. Retention tests are a distinctive factor in revealing the relationship between LS and test scores. This study shows that investigating the effects of LS in different circumstances contributes to the field of education, and that more in-depth data can be obtained from individuals' learning activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-18</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyojeong Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Ki Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS' DECISION-MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINTY AND IGNORANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptive expertise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision-making patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological experts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-normal science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific ignorance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific uncertainty</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713337</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological scientists routinely make decisions in contexts where scientific uncertainty and ignorance constrain available evidence, yet empirical research on how they judge such situations remains limited. Understanding these decision-making processes is critical because ecological crises—such as biological invasions and chemical accidents—require rapid action despite incomplete information. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine how ecological field experts respond cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally to different uncertainty-laden scenarios. The study involved 16 ecological field experts from a single national context (with an average experience of 22.0 years), specializing in amphibians, reptiles, freshwater fish, and birds. Data were collected using three scenario-based instruments representing increasing levels of uncertainty, risk, and urgency, and analyzed through constant comparative analysis. Four distinct decision-making types emerged: Consistent Knowledge-Seekers (25.0%), Risk-Escalating Responders (25.0%), Action-Oriented Responders (25.0%), and Policy-Focused Responders (25.0%). As risk increased across scenarios, the research orientation decreased from 93.8% to 43.8%, while the preventive/management orientation increased to 56.2%. Additionally, emotional responses intensified to 25.0% in the high-risk scenario. These findings underscore the importance of biology education in leveraging uncertainty as a learning resource and fostering students’ contextual scientific reasoning, adaptive expertise, and communication competencies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1132-1147</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anwari Adi Nugroho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajidan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suranto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad Masykuri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS' PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issues</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921620.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Future needs and challenges, especially in complex real-world problem-solving, require education to equip individuals with quality skills. Inquiry-based learning that integrates socio-scientific issues (SSI) can significantly develop students' problem-solving skills. This study aims to test the effects of the Socio-Scientific Real-world Inquiry (SSRI) learning model in improving problem-solving skills. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design, which involved measuring problem-solving skills before and after the intervention in two groups: the experimental group (44 students) with a socio-scientific real-world inquiry learning model and the control group (46 students) with inquiry learning. Differences in pretest and posttest scores on each aspect of problem-solving skills were analyzed using a paired sample t-test, while an independent sample t-test was used to compare posttest scores between the two groups. Analyze the effect size of each aspect of problem-solving skills in the control group and experimental group using Cohen's Effect Size (ES). The results showed that the SSRI learning model was significantly more effective in improving problem-solving skills than inquiry learning. The findings suggest that SSRI can be an effective learning approach for empowering educators and guiding educational policymakers in fostering essential problem-solving skills for future generations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-168</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matěj Novák</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Petr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomáš Ditrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON INCORPORATING BIOLOGY OLYMPIAD TASKS INTO BIOLOGY LESSONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Olympiad</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teaching tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science teaching and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">questionnaire-based research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tasks used in the Biology Olympiad (BiO) appear to be promising alternatives to traditional teaching tasks in biology education, as they frequently incorporate inquiry-based elements. This makes them a valuable resource for increasing students’ exposure to inquiry activities during classroom instruction. However, for teachers to effectively implement BiO tasks in their teaching practice, it is essential to identify and understand which aspects of these tasks pose the greatest difficulties for students. Therefore, tasks from the BiO (n = 5) were integrated into biology classes. Subsequently, a questionnaire revealed that students (n = 232) encountered the most significant challenges during the solution process with individual inquiry skills, such as inferring answers from comparisons, justifying claims, and drawing conclusions, compared with non-inquiry difficulties and practical biology skills. Furthermore, the research results showed that the majority of participants (77.2 %) positively perceived the inclusion of BiO tasks in biology lessons. Overall, if teachers consider the content difficulty of the tasks, incorporating BiO tasks into the teaching process could be a way to enhance students' inquiry skills during biology classes, and learning would be perceived as more attractive to the students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">506-521</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial intelligence (AI)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729493648.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial intelligence (AI) in biology education can be defined as the deployment of AI in sections of study that help learners and researchers in their areas of concentration, specifically biological sciences. 
It gives a significant meaning toward the improvement of biology education since AI contributes toward the improvement of research methods and the expansion of knowledge on the associated biological concepts. AI can be integrated with biology in numerous ways, including but not limited to the following: improve students’ engagement, create unique learning environments as well and create interaction and simulations. 
Continued advances in artificial intelligence as a powerful tool in biological research will prove a major boon to the further development of biology education. Traditional basic biological sciences and such interdisciplinary fields as computational biology will step up their cooperation and come up with new theoretical predictions. They develop new theoretical frameworks; all these exciting changes that are rocking the biological world today are destined to reshape the face of the education in biology in the twenty-first century.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">806-808</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Manishimwe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William Aino Shivoga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venuste Nsengimana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS LEARNING BIOLOGY AT UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RWANDA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667237209.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude has been regarded as a motivating feeling for the learning of biology. However, how inquiry-based learning contributes to attitude change towards the learning of biology has not yet been studied in Rwanda. This study intends to determine the effect of inquiry-based learning on students’ attitudes toward learning biology. A sample of 228 secondary school students at the upper secondary level in Rwanda was used. A quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-test was employed. One group was randomly assigned to the control group (N = 109) under the conventional teaching method, while the second group participated as the experimental group (N = 119) under the inquiry-based learning method. Biology attitude questionnaire (BAQ) was tested and a Pearson reliability of .89 coefficient was found, and hence the BAQ was adopted and used for the control and treatment groups before and after learning microbiology. Results asserted a significant effect of intervention in favor of the experimental group. However, a significant effect of the treatment on students’ attitude change in relation to gender was not identified. The study recommends using inquiry-based learning to promote attitude toward learning biology as it raises students’ interest to learning biology and alleviates the difficulty of its concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">862-874</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feyzi Osman Pekel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF CONCEPT CARTOONS AND ARGUMENTATION BASED CONCEPT CARTOONS ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept cartoons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">living things</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222356.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although &quot;Reproduction, Growth, and Development in Living Things&quot; (RGDLT) is a core topic in the Turkish science curriculum, it is known that students have difficulties in understanding. Integrating concept cartoons and argumentation into the teaching of this unit has the potential to promote students' interest and understanding. This research is the first to compare the effects of concept cartoons and argumentation-based concept cartoons on students' academic achievement in teaching sixth grade RGDLT subjects. The research was performed with two experimental groups and one control group in a secondary school in Turkey. A quasi-experimental research design was used in the research. Analysis of the post-test results revealed that the success of the group using concept cartoons was higher than the control group, but more importantly, the success of the group using argumentation-based concept cartoons was higher than the group using concept cartoons. The results of this research indicate that the academic achievement of students can be increased significantly when concept cartoons and argumentation-based concept cartoon activities are used in addition to the constructivist methods in teaching these subjects. The results of the research serve as a guide for teachers and researchers interested in teaching science and biology subjects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">956-968</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matěj Novák</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Petr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomáš Ditrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WORK WITH THE TASKS DESIGNED FOR BIOLOGY OLYMPIAD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Olympiad</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">difficulty of tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633974438.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For the possibility of using competitive tasks from the Biology Olympiad (BiO), either directly or after certain adaptations for everyday teaching tasks in the teaching process, it was aimed to determine if students could work meaningfully with them. The success of 2nd-year secondary school students (n = 113) in solutions of tasks (n = 5) designated for BiO was compared with the solutions by the regional round BiO´s participants. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey´s multiple comparison test were used for the statistical evaluation of the data. The research shows that secondary school students achieved an average success rate of 47.58 ± 12.51 % and BiO participants 62.69 ± 9.86 %. Within the results of all selected tasks, at least someone of the class of the secondary students achieved similar results in each of the tasks as BiO participants. That indicates that secondary school students were able to work meaningfully with BiO tasks which confirmed students' eligibility for work with these tasks.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">827-839</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katja Gobec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelka Strgar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND THE CONTEXTUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agricultural education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contextual factors in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge of photosynthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082600.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to assess the knowledge of photosynthesis among students in agricultural education and understand the influence of the contextual factors on it. In photosynthesis, biomass is produced, so understanding these processes is essential for successful agriculture. The research sample consisted of 330 students in agricultural education in Slovenia. Data were collected with a knowledge test and a contextual questionnaire. Better knowledge of photosynthesis was positively related with higher awareness of the importance of biology as a science and of photosynthesis. There was no significant relation between the knowledge of photosynthesis and positive attitudes toward biology lessons. The average achievement on the knowledge test of photosynthesis was 56%: the highest on the item about energy and the lowest on the item about the primary purpose of photosynthesis. Between these two achievements was the knowledge of reactants and products in photosynthesis, and the knowledge concerning chlorophyll. Considering these results, improvements should be made in teaching. For this population, more experimental and less theory-based lessons were suggested. The findings could benefit biology and science teachers in agricultural education and help improve national curriculum for biology in agricultural programmes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-18</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helin Semilarski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Laius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF ESTONIAN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND COMPETENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competences development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empirical research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226435.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main aim of this research was to measure 10th and 12th grade students’ biological conceptual understanding and competences through their upper secondary school studies. Data collection started at the beginning of the upper secondary school biology studies in the 10th grade. The same students participated in this research when they were in the 12th grade. A validated instrument of covering four competences: biological conceptual understanding, problem-solving, critical thinking and divergent thinking was used. Overall, this research was meant to evaluate students’ conceptual understanding and cognitive skills (problem-solving, critical thinking, divergent thinking) through the socio-scientific issue of lactose intolerance. The sample of students was formed from 42 representatively chosen Estonian schools of grade 10 (N=967) and grade 12 (N=802). The development conceptual understanding and competences of students' during three upper secondary school years of biology studies were discussed. The main results showed that during three years of schooling the students exhibited a statistically significant increase in the tasks, that measured students’ biological understanding and cognitive skills. The results showed that the students achieved lower scores in tasks that measured their decision-making and socio-scientific reasoning skills.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">955-970</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katja Gobec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelka Strgar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CONCEPTUAL CHANGE METHOD ON UNDERSTANDING PLANT MASS INCREASE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agricultural education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant mass</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686398.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to assess the influence of the method of conceptual change on understanding the concept of increasing the mass of plants among 414 students in agricultural education in Slovenia. In photosynthesis, biomass is produced, so understanding these processes is essential for successful agriculture. Data were collected using a knowledge test and a questionnaire that were administered before and after the traditional and experimental teaching units. The results allowed the conclusion that the method of the conceptual change (experimental teaching unit) was significantly more effective than the traditional method in improving the understanding of the contribution of solar energy and carbon dioxide to the increase in the mass of plants. There was no significant difference in the improvement of knowledge about the contribution of the minerals that plants receive through their roots. Understanding the contribution of water to the increase of the mass should be tested further because of the unexpected misconception that influenced the results that was found among students. Students’ attitudes toward biology and photosynthesis were significantly better after the experimental teaching unit. Considering these findings, other topics should be prepared using the method of the conceptual change to assist biology and science teachers in agricultural education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">569-582</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera S. Županec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branka N. Radulović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tijana Z. Pribićević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomka G. Miljanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vujadin G. Zdravković</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINATION OF EDUCATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND STUDENTS’ INVOLVEMENT IN THE FLIPPED BIOLOGY CLASSROOM IN PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flipped classroom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental effort</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ involvement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060434.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Flipped Classroom (FC) is a teaching approach in which students gain the first-exposure learning with online materials outside the classroom, and then, in the classroom, they focus on interactive or engaging exercises. Despite its considerable publicity, the studies focused on the FC in primary education are deficient. The aim of this research is to determine efficiency and students’ involvement in the flipped Biology classroom in primary school, compared to the conventional classroom (CC) approach. Educational efficiency and students’ involvement are measured by combining the values of the students’ performance and mental effort on the test. Each task in the test was followed by the 5-point Likert scale for evaluation of invested mental effort. The total sample of this research included 112 students, aged from 12 to 13. The results show that the FC approach contributes to the reduction of the students’ mental effort and an increase in the students’ performance. On the basis of calculated efficiency and students’ involvement of applied teaching approaches, it was concluded that the FC represents a feasible and efficient approach to Biology primary education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162-176</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guntay Tasci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halil Yurdugul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOLOGY TEACHING THROUGH SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AND COGNITIVE STRUCTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT VIA LATENT GROWTH MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latent growth modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulated learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049464.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research applied the learning strategies to predict in an effect longitudinal growth of cognitive structure of students in biology. The aim of the research is to assess the effect of activating learning strategies on cognitive structures regarding biology. The research was conducted by using control group design. The sample of research was composed of 60 prospective teachers randomly assigned to the experimental and the control groups. The longitudinal data were collected every 2 weeks and 4 times in total considering the concept maps. The data were quantitatively analysed in terms of the number of concepts, connections and central concepts. Latent growth modelling (LGM) was used to analyse change in cognitive structure over time. The findings suggested that the experimental group did better in cognitive structure than the control group in terms of forming connections and central concepts. Accordingly, teaching students self-regulated learning strategies and providing support in the written material to activate the strategies influence the development of cognitive structure in a positive way in terms of the extent and the integration. Therefore, activation of the use of self-regulated learning strategies in the teaching are thought to contribute to the learning of biology.   </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-31</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominika Majerčíková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuzana Vyoralová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE USE OF REALIA VERSUS POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS ON BOTANY LESSONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptive memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PowerPoint programme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">realia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285896.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botany is traditionally viewed as less attractive than zoology for students, despite the fact that plants play a key role in natural ecosystems. It is hypothesized that survival-relevant information may enhance learner's attention and that this information might be better remembered than others. Additionally, the use of the PowerPoint (PPT) presentation software in teaching biology is questionable, particularly in comparison with the use of realia. A theory of adaptive memory was employed in an experiment, in which the presence of fruits, their colour and their toxicity on samples of plants was handled. The memory scores and interest in plants of the participants were measured. The effectiveness of the PPT compared with the use of realia (live plants) was also analysed. The memory scores were highest in treatments with living samples of plants containing fruits. Survival-relevant information (plant toxicity) was better retained than survival-irrelevant information. Participants retained information about plants with dark fruits better than about plants with red fruits. The activities with live plants, but not the PPT, increased participant's interest in plants. In summary, using living plants and fruits over the PPT is recommended when teaching botany.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18–27 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harika Özge Arslan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ömer Geban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Necdet Sağlam</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING CYCLE MODEL TO FOSTER CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTION CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cell division</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning cycle</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543262.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">What should teachers do to ensure a student construct meaningful understanding in cell division and reproduction concepts? This research examined the effect of 5E learning cycle on 10th grade students’ understanding of cell division and reproduction concepts and their alternative conceptions on these concepts. Mixed methods research design was utilized for this aim. Eight classes with 228 students from two public high schools were selected conventionally. Experimental groups received learning cycle (LC) and control groups received conventional teaching (CT) throughout the 10 weeks. A three-tier diagnostic test was administered to both groups as pre and post-tests. After the treatment, 12 students were interviewed semi-structurally. The results revealed that learning cycle is superior to conventional teaching on promoting conceptual change along with increasing understanding. The present research recommends teachers utilize learning cycle to improve students’ understanding and remediate their alternative conceptions. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">670–684 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marjanca Kos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janez Jerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBSERVING NATURAL OBJECTS: CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWERING PLANTS PERCEIVED AS IMPORTANT BY 5- AND 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observation skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant characteristics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908340.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined the ways in which children observe flowering plants, namely: which features they perceive as significant, whether the skill of observing flowering plants develops with age, and what is the difference between genders. The research involved 174 children: 89 children aged 5 and 85 children aged 10 who were given the task of choosing the plant they recognised as the same as each of the 10 given test plants among a total of 37 plants which looked more or less similar to the test plants. The analysis of the plant combinations the children most frequently mismatched showed, that colour is the feature to which they attribute the most importance. Shape turned out to be considered more important to the children than size. Older children revealed better plant observation skills than younger ones with the girls achieving better results than the boys in both age groups. The findings show that children's observation skills develop with age, and corroborate the need to support the development of observation in the educational process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-120</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fančovičová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF 3D PLASTIC MODELS OF ANIMALS AND CADAVERIC DISSECTION ON STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF ANIMALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cadaveric dissection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982163.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The decrease in the method of cadaveric dissection and its replacement with alternative methods has led to discussions about the significance of dissection in biology/anatomy lessons. Certain authors argue that the decline in anatomy knowledge in students is at least partially caused by these factors. An investigation was carried out on the effectiveness of teacher’s demonstrations of cadaveric dissection as opposed to a 3D plastic model on pre-service biology teachers’ ideas concerning what is inside animals. Students were pre-tested on their ideas as to what is inside animals and randomly divided into four treatments (Dissection + Model, Dissection, Model, Model + Dissection). After the treatment, the post-test scores revealed that treatments where both methods were combined resulted in the highest achievement scores, particularly in the case of anatomy of fish. It has been concluded that the combination of cadaver dissection with modern innovative methods is more effective for obtaining anatomy knowledge than the use of only one method. The use of alternative methods should not be in conflict with traditional methods. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">767–775 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miro Puhek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matej Perše</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tina Vršnik   Perše</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEIVED USABILITY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ACCEPTANCE OF VIRTUAL FIELD TRIPS BY LOWER SECONDARY STUDENTS, UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AND IN-SERVICE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information communication technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual field trip</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811644.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the present research the results of 288 lower secondary schools in-service teachers, 192 undergraduate students and 211 lower secondary school students from Slovenia were analysed in terms of importance of fieldwork and the information and communication technology (ICT) as a solution for supporting or replacing fieldwork itself. The main aim of the analysis was to compare the points of view in all stages: from students to teachers. Also, comparisons with international data obtained as part of TIMSS and TALIS studies were made. The analysis showed that participants tend to acknowledge a very positive effect to this kind of learning, despite the obstacles connected therewith. A comparison of the usage of ICT at home and in the school environment, as predicted, showed that students tend to be more digitally competent than their teachers. Also, the statistically significant difference pointed out that older teachers are less favourable towards ICT in education than their younger colleagues. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">803-812</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregor Torkar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbara Bajd</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS (DIS) LIKING OF SOME ANIMAL SPECIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419169320.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes of students, in particular primary school and biology pre-service teachers, towards specific animals in order to determine principal reasons for (dis) liking them. The sample consisted of 309 university students. Two factors were extracted termed “pleasant animals” and “unpleasant animals”. “Unpleasant animals” were characterised by certain commonly perceived features such as being dirty, dangerous, distinctive and fear evoking while “pleasant animals” were typically beautiful, clean, pleasant to touch, intelligent and responsive. Students with more positive attitudes toward the Biology subject also expressed more positive attitudes toward animals, especially toward “unpleasant” animals. And students with more frequent exposure to natural environments had more positive attitudes to “pleasant animals”.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">393-402 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Ozden</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Ozel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kadir Bilen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Erdogan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD BIOLOGY: THE EFFECTS OF GENDER AND ENROLMENT IN BIOLOGY CLASSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739741.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research on the association between achievement and attitudes belong to fundamental questions in science education research. It is proposed that more positive attitudes are associated with better learning outcomes in science. However, recent research has revealed controversial results either supporting or rejecting the “attitude-achievement hypothesis”. Moreover, very little is known about attitudes toward science among university students. In this study undertaken with a large number of university students in Turkey (n= 1301), we examined whether achievement correlates with attitudes toward biology, whether girls have more positive attitudes than boys as observed in previous research and whether those who enrolled in biology classes show more positive attitudes toward biology than those in humanities. The results indicated only weak, although statistically significant, association between attitudes and achievement. Furthermore, both achievement and attitudes toward biology were not influenced by gender or enrolment in biology classes. These results somewhat surprisingly cast doubts on relationships between attitudes and achievement and effects of gender on attitudes toward biology among university students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88-96</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sacit Köse</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF CONCEPT MAPPING INSTRUCTION ON OVERCOMING 9th GRADE STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">osmosis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404287972.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to determine 9th grade students’ misconceptions on the concepts of diffusion and osmosis and to investigate the effect of making use of concept mapping instruction on overcoming the misconceptions. The experimental study was conducted in two different classes of a high school context with a total of 50 9th grade students in Denizli, Turkey. The concepts of the diffusion and osmosis were taught the students in the experimental group with the instruction designed by making use of concept mapping method whereas these topics were taught to the control group with traditional instruction. The Diffusion and Osmosis Diagnostic Test developed by Odom and Barrow (1995) was given to both groups as pre-test and post-test. The results indicated that after treatment, the average percentage of students in the experimental group holding a scientifically correct view increased 42%, whereas this increased only 15% in the control group. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16-25</style></section></record></records></xml>