<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andero Vaarik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mare Taagepera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lembi Tamm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOLLOWING THE LOGIC OF STUDENT THINKING PATTERNS ABOUT ATOMIC ORBITAL STRUCTURES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge space theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">symbolic representation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual representation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288983.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present study was to follow the logic of student thinking patterns about atomic orbital structures on both the atomic model visualization and the corresponding symbolic representation levels. The students´ factual knowledge was measured by the percent correct answers with and without explanations, the misconceptions were documented, and the cognitive organization was analyzed using knowledge space theory. The study was carried out with 255 students studying chemistry at the 8th and 9th lower secondary school and 10th to 12th secondary school levels.
       The major findings included (1) the high proportion of correct answers on multiple-choice questions, without correct explanations, leading to false positive results which do not necessarily reflect understanding of the material; (2) the lack of a logic structure in students' thinking due mostly to the misunderstanding of symbols; and (3) misconceptions about what charges represent and the placement of electrons in ionic vs. covalent bonding. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-36</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoltán Tóth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lajos Ludányi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING PHENOMENOGRAPHY COMBINED WITH KNOWLEDGE SPACE THEORY TO STUDY STUDENTS’ THINKING PATTERNS IN DESCRIBING AN ION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge space theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenography</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288547.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study compares Hungarian 7th to 11th graders’ thinking patterns in describing an ion. The combination of phenomenography and knowledge space theory was used as evaluation method to explore students’ reasoning and to follow the change in students’ cognitive structures. According to the phenomenographic analysis of the responses, three main categories, ‘ions are particles’, ‘charge of ions’ and ‘formation of ions’, were identified. Connections between these categories were determined by adapting knowledge space theory to the hierarchy of categories. Results showed a typical shape of the process of conceptual change. The initial model for representation of students’ knowledge structure is a simple one but during the instruction this model becomes more complex and finally ‘crystallises’ the new model. In the initial model, the ‘charge of ions’ category was independent of the ‘formation of ions’ category, and these both categories were built on the category ‘ions are particles’. Significant change in connections among categories could be detected in 8th grade. From 8th grade the category ‘ions are particles’ as basic knowledge was changed into the category ‘charge of ions’. At the end of the instruction (in 11th grade) – after mixing these models in 9th and 10th grades – a double model with basic category ‘charge of ions’ was found for representation of students’ thinking patterns in describing an ion.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-33</style></section></record></records></xml>