<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İsmail Satmaz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AWARENESS AND AI-TPACK AMONG SCIENCE TEACHERS IN TÜRKİYE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI-TPACK</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher professional development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/987-1793131855.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing how science is taught, and teachers need both an awareness of AI and the pedagogical knowledge to use it in class. This study examined the AI awareness and AI technological pedagogical content knowledge (AI-TPACK) of science teachers in Türkiye, compared these scores across demographic and professional groups, and analysed how the two constructs are related. In a cross-sectional correlational survey, data were gathered from 434 science teachers in state and private schools with the AI Awareness Scale for Science Teachers and the AI-TPACK Scale. Groups were compared with t-tests and Welch's ANOVA followed by Games–Howell tests, and relationships were examined with Pearson correlations. Teachers' AI awareness was at a moderate level, whereas their AI-TPACK was high. Scores varied by school type, AI training, years of experience, and degree level, while gender differences appeared in only a few subdimensions. Private-school teachers and teachers with AI training scored markedly higher on both scales. AI awareness correlated strongly with AI-TPACK, most clearly with its AI-related technological domains. As the data are cross-sectional, these patterns cannot be read causally, but they point to AI-specific professional learning and fair access to AI resources as priorities for science teacher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">884-898</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wernhuar Tarng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chi-Kit Tang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuo-Liang Ou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Jung Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsu-Jen Ding</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jen-Chu Hsu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AN IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL DRONE AND CARDBOARD VR SYSTEM FOR INDIGENOUS CULTURAL AND SCIENCE EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital divide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indigenous cultural heritage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual drones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual reality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/987-1789235566.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taiwan's Indigenous tribes mainly reside in remote mountainous areas, where transportation and educational resources are limited. This study developed and evaluated an immersive virtual drone and Cardboard VR system for Indigenous cultural and science education in elementary schools and examined its potential to enhance learning and reduce the digital divide in remote communities. A teaching experiment was conducted to compare the learning outcomes of Indigenous students and their non-Indigenous peers using the VR learning system. The results showed that VR-based instruction significantly improved learning outcomes for students from both ethnic groups. For non-Indigenous students, learning outcomes were also compared with those of conventional instruction using PowerPoint presentations and videos. Non-Indigenous students in the VR-based teaching group outperformed those receiving conventional teaching in learning achievement, and they also reported higher learning motivation and experienced lower cognitive load. Compared with Indigenous students, non-Indigenous students receiving VR-based teaching showed higher learning achievement and technology acceptance, particularly with respect to perceived ease of use, suggesting that prior technological familiarity may affect system usability and learning outcomes. These findings demonstrate that VR technology has the potential to enhance science education and reduce the digital divide between students from diverse ethnic backgrounds. The results also provide valuable insights into broader VR applications in cultural and science educational contexts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">710-738</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Derya Girgin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fuat Elkonca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İsmail Satmaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eylem Yalçinkaya-Önder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serkan Demir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ LEARNING NEEDS RELATED TO POLAR TOPICS: SCALE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning needs assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polar education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/987-1793131672.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapid polar change makes it important for science teachers to know what students need when they study these regions. This study reports the development and validation of the Polar Topics Learning Needs Scale (PPLS), a self-report instrument for lower-secondary school students. The scale covers five dimensions: Content Learning Needs, Perceived Conceptual Difficulties, Teaching Support Needs, Technology and Activity-Based Learning Preferences, and Interest and Curiosity in Polar Topics. An initial pool of 35 items was reviewed by nine experts (CVR ≥ .78) and piloted with 25 students. Exploratory factor analysis with 316 students produced five factors that accounted for 53.81% of the variance, with loadings between .46 and .88. Confirmatory factor analysis with a separate group of 204 students supported this structure, χ²(265) = 420.98, p &lt; .001, χ²/df = 1.59, RMSEA = .054, SRMR = .06, CFI = .98, NFI = .95, NNFI = .98, GFI = .84. Subscale α and ω coefficients ranged from .82 to .88. The 25-item PPLS yields subscale scores that can be used descriptively with similar samples; predictive validity, temporal stability, and cross-cultural generalisability have not yet been established.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">835-854</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juwon Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youlgi Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoonseul Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuyeong Son</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATIONAL PRIORITIES FOR ENHANCING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' SCIENCE LESSON ENACTMENT COMPETENCE AFTER THE TEACHING PRACTICUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">needs analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science lesson enactment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching practicum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913736</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A persistent gap exists between university-based theoretical preparation and pre-service teachers' ability to enact science lessons in real classrooms. This study examined elementary school pre-service teachers' needs regarding science lesson enactment competence after the teaching practicum and identified priority areas for educational support. A questionnaire was developed from a literature review and interviews with pre-service teachers. The instrument consisted of two domains, eight subdomains, and 32 items. Data were collected from 100 pre-service teachers, and perceived importance and self-rated current performance were measured for each item. The data were analysed using paired-samples t-tests, the Borich needs assessment formula, and the Locus for Focus model. The results showed a statistically significant gap between perceived importance and self-rated current performance across all subdomains. Although participants regarded this competence as highly important, they rated their current performance substantially lower. Understanding learners, foundational knowledge, and facilitating inquiry and thinking were identified as the highest-priority areas, whereas educational materials preparation and lesson design showed lower relative priority. These findings indicate where teacher education programmes should provide stronger support after the practicum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">507-521</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Erdogan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tayfun Tutak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Polat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ AI LITERACY AND ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THEIR ETHICAL REFLECTIONS ON AI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial intelligence (AI) ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial intelligence (AI) literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information technology (IT)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765165</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in education raises critical questions about teachers’ AI literacy and ethical reflection. This study aims to examine the effects of pre-service science and mathematics teachers’ AI literacy and their ethical use of information technologies on their ethical reflections on AI. The study, designed as a correlational survey, included 219 pre-service science and mathematics teachers from a university in Eastern Türkiye. Data were collected using three instruments: the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale, the Information Technologies Ethical Use Scale, and the Artificial Intelligence Ethical Reflection Scale. The findings indicate that, although pre-service teachers demonstrate high levels of knowledge in the technical and critical dimensions of AI, they remain at a moderate level in translating this knowledge into practical application and in engaging in ethical reasoning. Structural equation modelling results indicate that AI literacy significantly and directly influences ethical reflection on AI, whereas the ethical use of information technologies constitutes a weaker predictor. The mediation analysis further reveals that general ethical use of information technologies does not play a significant mediating role in the relationship between AI literacy and ethical reflection on AI.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-38</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynep Karatepe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özata Yücel, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF STEAM-BASED ACTIVITIES ON SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: “EFFECTS OF FORCE” UNIT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765174</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific creativity is widely regarded as an important skill for societies aiming to achieve scientific literacy. Science lessons, by their very nature, are closely related to scientific creativity. In this context, this study examined the effect of STEAM-based activities implemented in the “Effects of Force” unit on the scientific creativity and academic achievement of 4th-grade primary school students in science courses. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control-group design was used in the study. STEAM-based lesson plans were employed in the experimental group, whereas a textbook grounded in constructivist learning theory was used in the control group. Data were collected through the Scientific Creativity Scale and the Academic Achievement Test. The findings showed that STEAM-based activities in the experimental group led to a significant increase in students' scientific creativity and academic achievement, with large effect sizes relative to the constructivist, textbook-aligned science teaching used in the control group. These results show that science courses in which students are actively engaged and design processes are applied can positively affect learning outcomes. In this context, STEAM-based activities can support scientific creativity and academic achievement, especially at the primary school level. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102-117</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suna Karlıdağ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kozcu Cakir, N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENGINEERING DESIGN-BASED ROBOTICS CODING AS A PATHWAY TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND METACOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational robotics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering design-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913731</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding how learning occurs in engineering design-based robotics coding (ED-RC) environments remains an important issue in science education, as previous research has primarily focused on learning outcomes rather than the processes underlying these outcomes. This study examined the effects of ED-RC applications on sixth-grade students’ academic achievement and metacognitive awareness, with particular attention to metacognitive regulation during learning processes. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. The quantitative component used a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design with 61 students, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using ANCOVA, and qualitative findings were examined through a theory-driven descriptive framework. The findings indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores in both academic achievement and metacognitive awareness after controlling for pre-test differences. Qualitative findings further showed that students engaged in planning, monitoring, evaluation, debugging, and revision processes throughout the activities. Overall, the findings suggest that ED-RC environments may support learning through iterative design and reflective problem-solving processes that encourage metacognitive regulation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">489-506</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leyla Ayverdi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIFTED FIFTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES, MOTIVATION, AND MEANING-MAKING REGARDING IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">convergent mixed methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gifted students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">immersive virtual reality (IVR)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/987-1793131341.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research examining gifted students’ attitudes, motivation, and meaning-making regarding immersive virtual reality (IVR) in science education remains limited. This study examined gifted fifth-grade students’ attitudes and motivation towards virtual reality (VR), together with their metaphorical meanings and free word associations related to IVR, before and after IVR-supported science teaching. The participants were 73 students attending a Science and Art Centre in Türkiye. The study followed a convergent mixed-methods design. During six lessons, students received theoretical preparation, guided IVR observation and exploration, and post-activity discussion. Attitude and motivation scales provided quantitative data; metaphors and free word associations provided qualitative data. At post-test, higher scores were found for attitudes towards VR, total motivation, intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, and the reverse-scored external regulation subscale. Higher scores on the latter reflected lower endorsement of externally regulated reasons. Individual patterns varied. Reality and virtuality remained central in the qualitative findings, while learning, education, knowledge, and enjoyable learning became more prominent and technology-related meanings less prominent. Considered together, the findings showed partial convergence and expansion. Because the study involved a single group, the observed pre–post differences are not interpreted as evidence of causal effects or academic learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">773-791</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jehan Saleh Lardhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdelrahim Fathy Ismail</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF LEARNING STATIONS STRATEGY ON DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kindergarten children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning stations strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concepts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863024</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is fundamental to shaping how children perceive the world and cultivate their initial scientific reasoning. This study examined the impact of the &quot;Learning Stations Strategy&quot; on developing scientific concepts of life and the environment among young learners. Utilizing a quasi-experimental approach, the study involved 64 kindergarteners from Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, divided into experimental and control groups. After consulting with experts to define age-appropriate scientific concepts, an educational unit was crafted around the Learning Stations Strategy. These stations engaged children through hands-on tasks, experiments, observational activities, and guided reflections. To measure progress, a specialized &quot;Scientific Concepts Test of Life and Environment&quot; was administered before and after the intervention. The findings demonstrated statistically significant gains favoring the experimental group, highlighting the strategy's success. Specifically, children participating in the learning stations showed a deeper grasp of life concepts-such as distinguishing between living and non-living things, identifying basic survival needs, and understanding growth, biological functions, and diversity. Furthermore, there was improvement in environmental awareness, including the recognition of natural components, resource utility, ecosystems, environmental stewardship, and the basics of pollution. These findings suggest that moving away from teacher-centered teaching toward more interactive, station-based learning can enhance children’s curiosity and understanding. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318-334</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyojeong Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Ki Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESERVICE TEACHERS' DECISION-MAKING ON INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT: A KNOWLEDGE–ACTION DISCONNECT ACROSS CONTEXTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision-making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem disruption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invasive species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scenario-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765168</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decisions about invasive species management often require individuals to balance ecological knowledge with ethical considerations and practical constraints, particularly in everyday and educational contexts. Grounded in frameworks of ecological literacy and socioscientific issues, this study conceptualizes invasive species management as a context-dependent decision-making process that integrates scientific knowledge, ethical reasoning, and professional judgment. Using scenario-based inquiry, 191 Korean preservice biology teachers responded to two contrasting situations involving red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans): managing an abandoned pet in a household context and addressing overpopulation within a school breeding program. Qualitative content analysis revealed notable discrepancies between preservice teachers’ understanding of invasive species and ecosystem-disrupting species, as well as inconsistencies between articulated ecological concerns and recommended actions. Decision-making patterns differed markedly by context, with household scenarios shaped primarily by emotional and practical considerations, whereas institutional scenarios emphasized professional responsibility and institutional management. These findings highlight persistent gaps in preservice teachers’ understanding of invasive species management and demonstrate the powerful influence of context on professional judgment. The study highlights important implications for science teacher education, particularly the need to foster integrated decision-making competencies that connect ecological understanding, ethical reasoning, and context-sensitive decision-making for managing invasive species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39-54</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juyoung Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF AI ETHICS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN SCIENCE CLASSROOM CONTEXTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethical dilemma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher preparation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/987-1789235349.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-service teachers are increasingly responsible for guiding students through AI-related ethical challenges in science classrooms, yet little is known about how they perceive these challenges. In this study, 165 pre-service teachers completed a 19-item perception scale spanning five AI ethics domains and an engagement measure, and responded to eight open-ended dilemma scenarios set in science classrooms. Participants showed strong agreement on non-maleficence (M = 4.57) and privacy protection (M = 4.51) but lower and more varied responses on accountability (M = 3.73) and fairness (M = 3.94). Female participants scored significantly higher than male participants in overall perception, while no differences were found by major field or AI coursework experience. Scenario responses revealed that ethical concerns shifted depending on teaching context: learning integrity dominated in student assignment scenarios, verification responsibility in teacher use scenarios, and privacy-public interest tension in social application scenarios. Across scenarios, proposed solutions remained largely at the level of general prescriptions, such as ethics education and prior consent procedures, with few implementation-ready alternatives.  These results point to the need for scenario-embedded AI ethics education within science teacher preparation programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">667-680</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING FOR SCIENTIFIC LITERACY LEVEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765163</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I wish to thank the journal and its editors for the opportunity to write this short editorial. This issue brings many new ideas and insights into current challenges in science education. In my text, I highlight certain risks associated with scientific literacy and the overuse of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an essential element of modern society, revolutionizing domains such as education and research. It is therefore essential to engage with this technology effectively across all spheres of human activity.
The concept of scientific literacy is frequently invoked in lay society as well as among researchers and professionals in the field. However, its understanding has remained problematic from the past to the present. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelika Bernsteiner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Claudia Haagen-Schützenhöfer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CREDIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF SCIENTIFIC CONTENT ON INSTAGRAM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">credibility assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Instagram</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863019</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social media are central areas for adolescents’ engagement with science but also environments for misinformation. This challenges adolescents’ ability to assess the credibility of scientific content. So far, little is known about how adolescents assess credibility on social media. Building on empirical studies and frameworks of credibility and combining self-reports, performance data, and written justifications, this study examined how Austrian upper secondary school students (N = 1,055) use social media and how they assess the credibility of scientific Instagram posts. Self-report data were analysed descriptively and via exploratory factor analysis. Written justifications were examined using qualitative content analysis. The students reported limited use of social media for scientific information. 19 self-report items concerning the procedure for assessing credibility clustered into four factors aligned with theoretically grounded credibility perspectives: design, trustworthiness, social validation, and content. When assessing Instagram posts, students often applied one credibility perspective at a time and changed credibility perspectives across posts. The weak alignment between self-reported and actual credibility assessment suggests a reliance on heuristics over systematic reasoning, reducing assessment reliability. These findings highlight challenges for science education, strengthening adolescents’ science media literacy and metacognitive awareness, and for science communication, making credibility cues explicitly visible and interpretable in fast-paced, visually driven environments. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235-257</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soyeon Jang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VISUAL ATTENTION IN EARLY PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS DURING OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye-tracking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observation skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual attention</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913726</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific observation is a foundational inquiry skill in early childhood science education, yet how visual attention develops during observation tasks among lower-grade primary school students remains underexplored. This study examined whether and how visual attention during science observation activities differs across Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 primary school students and adults in Korea. A cross-sectional comparative design was employed, using eye-tracking technology to measure fixation duration, fixation count, and gaze transitions across four tasks structured according to SAPA's hierarchy of observation skills. A total of 108 participants (Year 1: n=16, Year 2: n=35, Year 3: n=33, Adults: n=24) completed the tasks, and group differences were examined using one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc tests. Year 1 students consistently differed from all other groups: they showed shorter fixation durations on target areas, more frequent gaze transitions, greater attention dispersal toward irrelevant information, and weaker top-down attentional control. Year 2 and Year 3 students generally performed comparably to adults. These findings indicate that Year 1 students are at a critical developmental stage in the development of observation ability, and suggest that the design of science observation activities and curriculum materials for lower-grade students should reflect these age-related attentional characteristics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">461-474</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josip Slisko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHY SCIENCE LOVES MATHEMATICS?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical relationships</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategic analysis skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863014</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematics is the language of science and the foundation of STEM education. The interdisciplinary link between science and mathematics develops problem-solving, computational thinking, and strategic analysis skills. Activities like path and matchstick puzzles support these skills, while different physics principles and mathematical relationships help appreciate the important roles scientific concepts play in understanding phenomena in nature and technology. This integration, enriched by artificial intelligence today, prepares students for the future as well-equipped individuals who can produce scientific solutions to real-world problems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">214-216</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hidayati Maghfiroh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siti Zubaidah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susriyati Mahanal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hendra Susanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE GENETICS LITERACY AND REASONING TEST: A TOOL FOR EXPLORING GLOBAL GENETICS ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetics literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">So far, instruments to measure genetic literacy that encompass global genetic issues are limited. In addition, instruments that assess practical knowledge and comprehensively evaluate genetic literacy skills have yet to be developed. Therefore, this research aimed to develop, validate, and improve an instrument based on a new conceptual framework of genetic literacy across grades. Six stages were conducted based on construct modeling to establish the Genetics Literacy and Reasoning Test. In the development process, numerous sources of evidence were collected, including evaluation from an expert panel to examine face validity, a pilot study to ensure comprehension, and testing involving 250 pre-service biology teachers. The results showed that the Genetics Literacy and Reasoning Test generally has good quality regarding dimensionality, reliability and separation, item fit, person–item mapping, and other data collected from interviews. This study highlights the importance of developing reliable and valid instruments to evaluate students’ genetic literacy and recommends it as a valuable tool for research and practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">465-487</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dong Yang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND STEPS FORWARD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher-AI collaboration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659903</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI technologies are reshaping our world and prompting education scholars to rethink both the aims and methods of schooling to prepare learners for the future (Holmes et al., 2019). Meanwhile, interest in integrating AI into science education has grown, with much discussion focusing on the impact of AI on student engagement and learning performance. Among those interests and debates, questions arise about AI’s ability to provide instructional, learning, and evaluative tools, as well as the practices and challenges of teacher-AI collaboration in education.
To conclude, human–AI collaboration in science education offers substantial potential to enrich teaching and learning, on the condition that AI functions as a collaborative partner guided by teacher expertise, ethical principles, and a commitment to equity. Realizing this potential requires deliberate, evidence-based design decisions, professional development that centers on teacher agency, and governance frameworks that foster trust and transparency in AI-assisted learning. By sustaining an ongoing partnership among teachers, researchers, and AI developers, we can foster collective intelligence in human-AI collaboration that illuminates scientific reasoning, personalizes instruction, and supports students in developing robust scientific understandings for the twenty-first century.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">800-801</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tekin Guler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF SCENARIO-BASED LEARNING ON THE SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND REFLECTIVE THINKING SKILLS OF FOURTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflective thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293009.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current study examines the impacts of scenario-based science activities on the scientific creativity and reflective thinking skills of fourth-grade students in primary school. Therefore, it was carried out in a primary school in Yozgat city center during the 2023-2024 Academic Year.  An experimental group (24 students [13 girls, 11 boys]) and a control group (22 students [12 girls, 10 boys]) were formed from the fourth grade of the school in question. Science Scientific Creativity Questionnaire and Science Reflective Thinking Scale were utilized as data collection tools during the experimental process, which lasted ten weeks with three hours each week. The data obtained via the research were analyzed through independent samples t-tests along with dependent samples t-tests. The results obtained through the analysis exhibited a significant difference in the experimental group’s favor with regard to understanding, reflection, and total score of reflective thinking in all sub-dimensions of scientific creativity. Based on these results, it is thought that using scenario-based learning activities would be beneficial in primary school science courses. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-283</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shasha Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaohui Chi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhao Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERDISCIPLINARY THINKING AMONG SEVENTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN LOWER-SECONDARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidimensional item response model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921191.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interdisciplinary thinking is critical for equipping students to apply scientific knowledge and tackle societal challenges across various disciplines, which has been recognized as a key objective of twenty-first century science education. However, research on effective interdisciplinary assessment in secondary school science education is still limited. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for evaluating seventh graders’ interdisciplinary thinking within lower-secondary science contexts. A four-dimensional framework for evaluating interdisciplinary thinking was proposed, leading to the development of an assessment instrument. Participants were 316 seventh–grade students randomly selected from a lower-secondary school in Jiangsu, China. The multidimensional random coefficients multinomial logit (MRCML) model was employed to examine the reliability and validity of the instrument. The results indicated that the four–dimensional conceptual framework of interdisciplinary thinking was appropriate, and the multidimensional partial credit model (PCM) fitted the data reasonably well. The differential item functioning (DIF) analysis also revealed the absence of gender bias, confirming the measurement invariance statistics reached. In addition, disparities in student performance across the four dimensions were identified, highlighting the need for tailored instructional practices to foster their ability in lower-secondary school science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-70</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walton Wider</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yong Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yin Myo Thant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choon Kit Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leilei Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiansheng Peng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAPPING THE INTELLECTUAL LANDSCAPE OF PRIMARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575768</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary science education is critical for developing scientific literacy and fostering long-term interest in STEM. However, implementation faces challenges such as limited teacher preparation, rigid curricula, and unequal digital access. Purpose: This study aims to map the intellectual structure and emerging trends in primary science education research using a bibliometric approach. Method: A total of 2,295 publications from the Web of Science database were analyzed using VOSviewer. Bibliographic coupling and co-word analyses were conducted to identify influential publications, thematic clusters, and evolving research patterns. Results: Five main thematic clusters emerged: (1) technology-enhanced instruction using augmented and virtual reality, (2) equity and teacher competence in science achievement, (3) cognitive and metacognitive scaffolds, (4) dialogic and integrative pedagogies, and (5) computational thinking in STEM. The findings indicate a shift toward student-centered and digitally mediated pedagogies. However, gaps remain in culturally responsive computational thinking and understanding teacher identity in reform efforts. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive overview of primary science education research, highlighting key areas of progress and remaining challenges. It underscores the need for inclusive digital integration, culturally responsive teaching, and interdisciplinary frameworks. Future studies should expand database coverage for a more global perspective.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">756-773</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyunju Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiyoung Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PCK DEVELOPMENT FOR MODELING-BASED INSTRUCTION: A KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE PERSPECTIVE WITHIN A PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling-based instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional learning communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713340</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supporting primary school teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) development for modeling-based instruction (MBI) remains a key challenge in science teacher education. Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) offer a promising context for this professional growth. This study examined the PCK development processes of three primary school teachers with varying experience levels as they participated in five MBI-focused PLC sessions. PCK changes were traced using an integrated analytical framework that combined the Interconnected Model of Teacher Professional Growth (IMTPG) with the Refined Consensus Model (RCM). Findings revealed positive growth across PCK components, though pathways varied. While curriculum knowledge development was often characterized by refinement based on prior knowledge (change sequences), growth in knowledge of student understanding, instructional strategies, and assessment typically demonstrated more complex, interconnected growth networks involving dynamic knowledge exchange, shaped by interactions among personal, collective, and enacted PCK, as well as individual orientations. The study highlights the potential of PLCs as spaces for practice-based learning, supporting sustained PCK development, and demonstrates the utility of the combined IMTPG–RCM framework for analyzing the nuances of teacher growth over time.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1148-1168</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yusuf Zorlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)-ASSISTED QUESTION GENERATION ON PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS' 21ST-CENTURY TEACHING COMPETENCIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21st-century skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical thinking dispositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservice Science Teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social intelligence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659934</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education highlights the need to explore its impact on preservice science teachers' 21st-century teaching competencies. This study aimed to explore the role of AI-assisted question generation on preservice science teachers' 21st-century teaching competencies. Mixed-methods research design was utilized. This study was participated by 32 preservice science teachers. The “21st Century Skills Teaching Scale”, “Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale”, “Critical Thinking Disposition Scale”, structured interview, and an evaluation rubric were administered as data collection tools. The integration of the generation process of AI-assisted questions was completed in a period of 12 weeks. In findings, the AI-assisted question generation process contributed to the enhancement of preservice science teachers’ 21st century skills, social intelligence, and critical thinking disposition. The enhancement of 21st century skills, social intelligence, and critical thinking was concluded that the process of creating questions by utilizing the opportunities offered by artificial intelligence technology was thanks to interaction based on communication with artificial intelligence, cooperation established through group work, and access to up-to-date information through technology. In light of these findings, it could be stated that it will be beneficial to increase the integration of AI into teaching practices in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">984-1005</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sinan Demirtürk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fuat Uzun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Latif İltar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yılmaz Yeşil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Koçak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seyfullah Yıldırım</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Tekeli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Şahin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İlhan Günbayı</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savaş Varlık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND EPISTEMIC TRUST THROUGH SCIENCE EDUCATION: THE MODERATED MEDIATION ROLE OF EPISTEMIC RESPONSIBILITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic trust</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575701</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science communication and education play a vital role in making scientific knowledge accessible and trustworthy in society. However, declining trust in scientific authority, the proliferation of disinformation, and epistemic crises underscore the heightened responsibility of scientists and educators. This study investigates the moderated mediation role of epistemic responsibility in the correlation between science communication and epistemic trust through science education. Adopting an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, the research first employed qualitative focus group interviews with purposively sampled expert science. Thematic analysis identified key patterns, informing the subsequent quantitative phase, where a validated scale was developed through rigorous reliability and validity testing. Results confirmed that epistemic responsibility functions as a moderated mediation between science communication and epistemic trust within science education. The findings emphasize the need for educational policies to foster students’ epistemic sensitivity via ethics-based and inquiry-driven learning environments. By integrating qualitative insights with quantitative validation, this study contributes to addressing epistemic challenges in science communication and education, offering practical implications for enhancing trust and accountability in scientific discourse.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">637-654</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İlke Çalişkan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merve Erol</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM MODEL BASED CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT IN NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCIENCE EDUCATION POLITICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational politics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holistic graded scoring key (rubrics)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921033.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main research question of this research study is how to design a valid and reliable holistic rubric to be used as a criterion for the comparison of the STEAM model by analyzing different countries’ science curricula. Considering this question, STEAM model rubrics was created by examining the ways of shaping science education policies. The research was qualitative, and the design of this research was descriptive. Document analysis was carried out for data collection process. Content analysis was used for analyzing data. The raters selected conveniently from science education and measurement evaluation fields were asked to rate the Turkish and Finnish Science Curricula as documents through the developed rubric. The rating process was carried out by associating appropriate themes obtained from literature. Sub-dimensions of the rubric developed were examined by teachers and researchers who are experts in the STEAM fields, measurement and evaluation. For calculating the reliability, the researchers graded a content about the Turkish and Finnish Science Curricula from the STEAM learning areas with this rubric. Fleiss Kappa and Miles Huberman consistency statistics were used for providing inter-rater validity. It obtained valid and reliable criteria for making significant contributions and comparisons of the STEAM model in science education policies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-36</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abualrob, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIKTOK FOR SCIENCE LEARNING: THE INTERPLAY OF TIKTOK AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL, USABILITY, SATISFACTION, SKILLS, AND FUTURE IMPACT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology acceptance model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TikTok for education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575606</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The growing incorporation of social media into the field of science education encourages the current study to investigate the relationships and interactions of TikTok as an Educational Tool (ET), Pedagogical and Scientific Skills (PSS), TikTok's Ease of Use (EU), its Educational and Future Impact (EFI), and Participant Satisfaction (PS). The study sample consisted of 174 students, including Physics, Chemistry, and Biology majors from the Faculty of Science, and Elementary Education majors from the Faculty of Education who are trained to teach science at the elementary level. Among them, 58 students received training to create educational TikTok videos. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4 in two main stages. Findings indicate that both ET and EU significantly enhance PSS and EFI, with PS serving as a key mediator in improving the learning experience. EU had the greatest impact, highlighting the importance of the pedagogical value of intuitive and engaging design. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study found that users were more likely to adopt TikTok as an educational tool when they perceived it as both beneficial and user-friendly, which in turn contributed to the development of PSS. These findings suggest that TikTok can be an efficient ET, particularly in science education, when designed to enhance engagement and accessibility.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">595-610</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRANSFORMATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY AND EMERGING APPROACHES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">developing technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational transformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Edison and Tesla conducting experiments under difficult conditions to virtual space travels, from Darwin’s peas to the cloned sheep Dolly, a dizzying development has been taking place. One of the most important contributions of developing technologies is the opportunity for equal access to education, as the internet and mobile devices such as phones and tablets are now available almost everywhere. This is because experiments and practices that were once carried out in physical environments and laboratories can now be presented in virtual settings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">396-398</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juwon Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ SCIENCE IDENTITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competent outsider</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Q methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713341</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding the science identity of university students who have completed the national science curriculum is essential, as it provides insight into how formal education shapes their relationship with science. This study examines the forms of science identity among university students, moving beyond insider-oriented definitions that hinge solely on proximity to scientists. In this study, science identity is defined as the self-perception formed through the integration of one’s perceptions of the self, society, and science in scientific contexts. To investigate this construct, we employed Q methodology. From 335 statements generated through literature review and interviews, 42 were selected as the Q sample. Forty university students then completed Q-sorts, resulting in the identification of four distinct science identity types. The science acceptance type recognized the importance of science yet perceived distance from it. The science use type viewed science as a practical tool, with limited concern for ethical or social implications. The science-loving type valued science intrinsically, enjoying inquiry but showing weaker engagement with responsibility. The science responsibility type emphasized addressing environmental and societal challenges through science. By moving beyond an insider-centred view, this study highlights diverse identity forms and their implications for science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1169-1188</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeli Rannastu-Avalos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leo A. Siiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mario Mäeots</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERSTANDING COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING WITH SMARTPHONE-BASED ASYMMETRIC SIMULATIONS IN AN AUTHENTIC INQUIRY SCIENCE LESSON</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-enhanced learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575705</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) is increasingly essential in both scientific practice and modern education, yet remains difficult to embed authentically in classrooms. This study addressed that gap by integrating CPS into a ninth-grade biology lesson using a smartphone-based asymmetric simulation. The innovative three-phase instructional scenario, which combined preparation, hands-on simulation, and guided reflection, was implemented in a real classroom setting with 43 students. Data from worksheets, reflective responses, and a CPS self-evaluation tool revealed high levels of student engagement and strong social-regulation skills, yet also pointed to challenges in applying inquiry strategies and fostering mutual interdependence. Rather than offering conclusive claims, this study positioned itself as a pilot exploration of how digital asymmetry can trigger authentic collaboration in science learning. The findings illuminate both the potential and the pedagogical tensions of using mobile-supported tools to support 21st-century skills in inquiry-based education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">684-705</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suwita Suwita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulistyo Saputro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajidan Sajidan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutarno Sutarno</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS: A RASCH MODEL APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897709.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current study uses the Rasch Model to measure lower-secondary school students' critical thinking skills on photosynthesis topics. Critical thinking skills are considered essential in science education, but few valid and practical measurement instruments remain. The current study fills the gap by adapting the instrument from the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. A quantitative approach with a survey design was used in the study, involving 467 lower-secondary school students in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using the Rasch Model to evaluate each item's reliability, validity, level of difficulty, and discrimination ability. The results suggest that the instrument has good validity and reliability, with the inference subscale being the most difficult, while evaluation is the easiest for students to master. The findings provide insights for educators in designing more effective teaching strategies to develop critical thinking skills. The study implies that a valid measurement instrument is obtained and offers new insights into the profile of students' critical thinking skills in science learning to support more effective science teaching in secondary schools, especially on photosynthesis. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1278-1290</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savaş Varlık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING IN SCIENCE TEACHERS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF EPISTEMOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical and creative thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemological development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-methods research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729495994.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines the role of epistemological beliefs in moderating the relationship between critical and creative thinking among science teachers. It aims to explore how advancements in understanding knowledge influence these cognitive skills. The primary focus is on the extent to which epistemological beliefs impact critical and creative thinking, highlighting the need for a deeper grasp of knowledge to foster these skills. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining qualitative and quantitative data within a pragmatic framework to provide a comprehensive view. The sample includes science teachers from Selçuklu, Meram, and Karatay districts in Konya, Türkiye. Quantitative data were gathered using the Epistemological Beliefs Scale, the Critical Thinking Scale, and the Creative Thinking Scale. Results show that epistemological beliefs significantly influence critical and creative thinking, suggesting that these skills are closely tied to epistemological development. Qualitative findings support this, indicating that a solid epistemological foundation is essential for both types of thinking. Additionally, the study finds that authoritarian teaching methods suppress critical thinking, while student-centered strategies enhance it. To promote critical and creative thinking, science teachers should develop their epistemological beliefs and create an environment that encourages open discussion and diverse perspectives.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">964-978</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Ren Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzu-Ting Wei</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF STUDENTS’ STANDPOINTS IN ARGUMENTATION REGARDING SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student standpoint</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892541.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined the effects of students’ argumentation standpoints on their argumentation learning in the context of socio-scientific issues (SSIs). To that end, four kinds of argumentation standpoints were defined: affirmative standpoints, oppositional standpoints, multiple standpoints, and non-standpoints. These four kinds of standpoints allow for six possible combinations of any two of the different kinds of standpoints, which enabled us to conduct six kinds of 2-team format debates. The resulting differences of students’ four types of arguments (i.e., claims, warrants, rebuttals, and qualifiers) generated in six types of debates were examined. This study invited 208 10th-grade students to participate in a quasi-experimental research design. The results showed the affirmative group students demonstrated superior performance in terms of claims and warrants, and the oppositional group students had the largest number of rebuttals. The students in the debate with combinations of affirmative and oppositional groups exhibited the best performance regarding the generation of claims, warrants, and rebuttals. Based on the results, the present study concluded the standpoint had significant effects on the students’ argumentation learning, which suggests that teachers can investigate students’ standpoint on the learning topic of SSI and their prior knowledge about the standpoint before teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">104-118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brenda Braga Pereira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sangwoo Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ON TIKTOK: TOPICS AND CLAIMS OF MISLEADING INFORMATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misleading information</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TikTok videos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892688.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In light of the increasing frequency of misleading information in social media regarding environmental issues, this study aimed to identify misleading information spread through TikTok videos and to discuss why such content is considered misleading, drawing on relevant literature. Hashtags with large numbers of views, such as #climatechange, #sustainability, #pollution, #biodiversity, #environmentalprotection, #environmentalissues, #energysource, and #environmentalproblems, were used for data collection through web scrapper called Apify (https://apify.com/). A total of 29 misleading videos were found. Content analysis was applied to identify and classify the topics and misleading claims. The topics of misleading videos, according to the most frequent mentions, were energy sources, followed by climate change, pollution, biodiversity, and environmental degradation. Among the misleading claims, videos related to pyramids as non-pollutant power plants and conspiracy related to pollution exhibited the highest frequency. The results show various misleading claims in videos related to environmental topics. Also, emphasized the importance of science education in addressing misleading information. In addition, the importance of an interdisciplinary approach for addressing environmental issues was reinforced.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-150</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Cansız</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE TEACHING ON SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE OF SCIENCE CONCEPTS, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subject matter knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377450.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although integrating the history of science (HOS) into teaching has long been recommended in science education research, studies have revealed conflicting results on its effectiveness. These are mainly due to the need for more studies in this context. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the impact of HOS teaching on science process skills, knowledge of science concepts, and attitudes toward science. In this research, a quasi-experimental research design was employed. The HOS was contextualized into the topic of the circulatory system. Two intact classes were chosen as the experimental group (EG) and the two others as the control group (CG). The EG students were involved in HOS activities during the treatment, while the CG students followed the curriculum-driven activities. The findings indicated that the impact of HOS education was evident, as students in the EG outperformed those in the CG in retaining knowledge of science concepts and demonstrating positive attitudes towards science. However, HOS education and curriculum-driven instruction have similarly impacted the development of science process skills. These results support the conceptual premise that HOS teaching is an alternative and a worthy way of supporting students’ scientific literacy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">449-463</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pi-Hun Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chung-Yuan Hsu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwo-Jen Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwo-Haur Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Min-Ai Yang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF THE PREDICTION-OBSERVATION-EXPLANATION MODEL ON PRESCHOOLERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GEAR CONCEPTS THROUGH BLOCK PLAY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building blocks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gear concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729494292.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The complexity of gear concepts, often misunderstood by young children, highlights the need for educational frameworks beyond simple play. To examine the effects of using the prediction, observation, and explanation (POE) model in building block activities, a true experimental design was implemented. A total of 49 preschoolers were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which engaged with building blocks embedded with the POE model, or a control group, which followed a building instruction guide. Data were gathered through pretests, posttests, and two-week delayed tests administered to all participants. The theoretical framework for this study was based on the POE model, emphasizing the importance of prediction, observation, and explanation in the learning process. The results revealed that the POE model had positive impacts on fostering young children’s acquisition of gear concepts. Specifically, gear speed and gear direction were identified as the most challenging concepts for preschoolers to grasp. The results highlight the critical role of children's reflection in learning these concepts. The participants’ common naive conceptions about gear function, gear speed, and gear direction were identified. The implications of these results highlight the importance of incorporating reflective practices in early childhood education to enhance concept acquisition and address misconceptions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">867-881</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nergis Makal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salih   Çepni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCREASING STUDENTS’ EMPATHY LEVELS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A THEMATIC REVIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empathy development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empathy skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thematic review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729495805.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K-12 education as an enterprise always has two main aims; to teach basic skills and knowledge and to cultivate moral citizenry. There is substantial evidence that empathy can promote morality and character development through education. To shed light on what has been done and to identify the pathways already established, a thematic review of research focused on empathy development in K-12 science education has been conducted. A systematic examination of literature published before January 2024 resulted in 28 publications being analyzed in terms of their general characteristics and the specifics of the designed interventions. Results show that educational interventions can improve empathy skills; these studies use collaborative learning environments, take 3-10 weeks to implement, and the most preferred strategy is recognizing different perspectives of a given situation with reflective exercises. All of the studies reviewed positively affected students' affective and cognitive domains. For future research, more interventions designed to improve empathy skills in parallel with the science curriculum are proposed to supply teachers with new comprehensive resources to implement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">914-930</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emrah Hiğde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Volkan Yüzüak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zekiye Merve Öcal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilal Aktamış</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MANY-FACET RASCH MEASUREMENT APPROACH TO ANALYZE THE PREPARED SCIENCE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES BASED ON SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND VIEWS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laboratory experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480106.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Many-Facet Rasch model is frequently used to analyse and minimize disparities in rater (judge) severity in performance evaluations, in which raters assign scores to test-takers' performances. In this research, the aim of the present study was to analyse science teacher candidates’ laboratory activities by using the Many-facet Rasch model. Rasch model’s surfaces are, respectively: 9 juries, 8 science activities and 24 criteria. The FACETS program was used to do data analysis. Findings show that laboratory activities, which were coded as E8, were found to be the most successful and E2coded activity was found to be the least successful based on the criteria. Jury numbered 7 or coded as G7, is the most lenient, and scorer numbered 5, or coded as G5, is the severest when the juries are listed from the most lenient. The study's objective is to use the Many-Facet Rasch measurement model to analyse laboratory experiments linked to science-related activities. Analysis of the performance of science activities, analysis of criteria hardness, analysis of the severity and leniency of juries, and study of jury bias were carried out concurrently with this goal. At the end of the study, it can be easily inferred that the Multi-Facet Rasch measurement model could be used effectively to evaluate peer groups in science education and objective results could be obtained.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">641-657</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurcan Kahraman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A META-ANALYTIC EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL AND SCHOOL-AVERAGE ACHIEVEMENT ON STUDENTS' SELF-CONCEPT IN SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">big fish little pond effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892182.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of individual and school average achievement on students’ self-concept in science. The data of the last four Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) cycles were used, and a two-stage individual data meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between achievement and self-concept in science. In the first stage, multilevel structural equation modeling was performed for each dataset. Furthermore, the effect sizes were synthesized via meta-analysis with a three-level random-effect model. In addition, moderation analysis was conducted for the year, grade, and degree of stratification in countries. The results suggested a positive and significant effect of individual science achievement on the self-concept of students in science. On the other hand, the relation of the average school achievement was negative. The results were discussed by considering the big-fish-little-pond effect.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-44</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markus Sebastian Feser</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PARENTS’ VIEWS ON THE USE OF AI-BASED CHATBOTS SUCH AS ChatGPT IN HIGH SCHOOL (STEM) EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI-based chatbots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM curriculum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709891975.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As digital technology becomes increasingly available in education, educational researchers around the globe increasingly have to confront how it may affect school students’ academic success. To summarize, the survey I conducted revealed that parents generally hold a positive view of integrating AI-based chatbots such as ChatGPT into high school STEM education, with most believing it enhances learning and should be part of the STEM curriculum. However, the participants’ views diverged on the broader use of such chatbots in high school education, with mixed stances on their impact and adoption in all high school subjects. Moreover, a correlation analysis revealed links between participants’ views on the use of AI-based chatbots in high school education and their geographical origin, as well as their self-evaluated knowledge about the use of such chatbots. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-8</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lukáš Richterek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSICS TOPICS FOR GENERAL SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school curricula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific discoveries</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724479771.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discussing the content of education is a never-ending story. Naturally, with the development of sciences and our knowledge, we need to include new topics. Simultaneously, with limited lesson time, some other parts must be reduced or omitted. Thus, each generation has to inventory the most relevant topics for science education and define criteria for selecting the curriculum of STE(A)M subjects. It is generally better to cover fewer topics thoroughly, practising and consolidating basic facts and skills rather than many of them sketchily. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">594-598</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sameera Alshorman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE READINESS TO USE AI IN TEACHING SCIENCE: SCIENCE TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI readiness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative survey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teachers’ perspectives</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377387.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to assess the readiness of Jordanian science teachers for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in science education, focusing on their perceptions, challenges, and training needs. A quantitative survey methodology was employed, using a 35-item questionnaire distributed to 136 science teachers in urban Jordan. The questionnaire, developed and refined through expert peer review and a pilot study, encompassed demographics, attitudes towards AI, perceived benefits and challenges of AI in science teaching, self-efficacy in using AI, and behavioural intentions regarding its use. The results indicated varying teacher readiness levels, influenced by gender, educational background, and concerns over data privacy and security. While there was a general sense of optimism about the potential of AI, significant challenges related to limited resource access and insufficient professional development were identified. These results emphasized the need for targeted policy initiatives and training programs to enhance teachers' readiness for AI adoption. The study's insights contributed to understanding the facilitators and barriers to AI integration in science education, highlighting the critical role of teacher readiness in the effective utilization of AI in educational contexts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">432-448</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ying Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuqin Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yongkang Chu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiazhen Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuhui Zheng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIRTUAL LABORATORIES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: UNVEILING TRAJECTORIES, THEMES, AND EMERGING PARADIGMS (2013-2023)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometrics analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trends</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729496168.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virtual laboratories are transformative tools in science education, yet comprehensive reviews of their prospects are limited. This study addresses this gap through a bibliometric analysis of 218 articles published between 2013 and 2023. Key findings included: (1) research has evolved from initial exploration to rapid expansion; (2) virtual labs have demonstrated adaptability across various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and medicine; (3) five research trajectories focus on virtual labs, science education, and computer-based learning; and (4) eight research topics, such as comparisons with physical labs and student performance, have gained prominence. These findings had implications for educational practices, research methodologies, and policy considerations. For educational practices, virtual laboratories offer benefits by removing the need for physical resources, providing flexible delivery, enabling safe exploration, fostering engagement through hands-on experimentation, and enhancing understanding with immersive experiences. For research, virtual labs improve learning and analytical skills, generate detailed data on student behaviors and learning patterns, and lead to innovations in teaching methods and curriculum design. For policymakers, strategic planning is needed to create supportive policies for the effective adoption of virtual labs, including teacher training, infrastructure development, and curriculum integration, making science education more accessible and equitable for all students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">990-1009</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shuo Ban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xi Lan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ziming Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yongchun Mao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VISUAL ATTENTION ALLOCATION AND FIXATION TRANSACTIONS IN READING PRIMARY SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye-tracking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary scientific literature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729493948.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary Scientific Literature (PSL) significantly contributes to cultivating students' scientific literacy. However, students' visual strategies while reading PSL remain unclear. This study utilized eye-tracking technology to clarify students' visual attention allocation and fixation transactions during PSL reading, and explored their associations with students' self-reported reading strategy levels and reading outcomes. Thirty-eight undergraduate students majoring in biology (22 females and 16 males) participated in the study. They wore eye-tracking glasses while reading a PSL that included sections like abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and reference. Participants also completed a Primary Scientific Literature Strategies Assessment and a post-reading exam. The study demonstrated that reading time and fixation count on the results page were positively correlated with self-reported PSL reading strategy scores and reading outcomes. The reading time and fixation count on the methods page are positively correlated with self-reported PSL reading strategy score. Moreover, the higher group showed significantly greater attention to results compared to the lower group. The higher group exhibited significant interaction between texts and figures in fixation transactions within the results, whereas this interaction was absent in the lower group. The research provided recommendations for educators to enhance students' PSL reading strategies and abilities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">826-853</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgios Tsaparlis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHAT AND WHO INSPIRED ME TO BECOME A SCIENTIST AND FURTHER A SCIENCE EDUCATOR?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272488.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">According to Alex H. Johnstone, “most of the concepts we develop in everyday living (such as cars, trees, houses, dogs, and flowers) are based on tangible things; things we can touch, see, smell and taste. … However, concepts such as element, enzyme, atom, gas, resistance, molarity, entropy, and many others cannot be constructed directly by our senses. Some are one or even two steps removed from direct sensory perception” (Johnstone, 2007, p. 8).
The famous Johnstone triangle for the physical sciences (Johnstone, 1982 ─ see Figure 1) has at one of its corners tangible things, constituting the “Macroscopic” or “Macro Level”. The two other levels that facilitate further understanding are the “Symbolic and Mathematical Level”, which involves symbols, mathematical and chemical equations, as well as graphs and calculations, and the “Submicroscopic” or “Submicro Level”, which refers to entities such as atoms and molecules, that are so tiny that we cannot observe them either directly or even with the help of a strong microscope; these entitles are objects of thought and we draw conclusions about them through logical thinking and inferences. The emphasis among the three levels varies between the physical sciences, physics and chemistry.  

</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180-186</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ke Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bei-He Hui</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE ON ATTITUDES IN STEM EDUCATION IN 2008-2022</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes in STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728991.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study employed a bibliometric analysis of research on attitudes in STEM education to identify patterns and themes within scholarly publications to address a research gap in the current literature. The publications indexed in the SCOPUS database on attitudes and STEM were analyzed to collect data. 173 articles were chosen for analysis. Bibliometric analysis revealed an upward trend in research publications between 2008-2022, with notable increases in 2013 and 2018 and between 2018 and 2022. Curtin University was the institution that contributed the most to the literature during this period. The results also showed that institutions from Australia, Taiwan, and the United States contributed equally to research on attitudes and STEM. Another finding is that the United States had the most publications on attitudes and STEM. The International Journal of Science Education was cited the most, followed closely by The Journal of Research in Science Teaching and Science Education. Barry J. Fraser and Jaquelynne S. Eccles are authors who were cited more than one hundred times in the publications.  Based on the findings, implications for further studies are drawn.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1038-1049</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen Zhang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHINESE PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ VIEWS OF THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social responsibility of scientists and engineers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108620.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific and technological research is important to everyone because their results affect humanity worldwide. Although science and technology bring many benefits to humanity, individuals and societies can face the negative consequences of science and technology. To prevent and solve the negative consequences of research in these fields, it is important to educate scientists and engineers to have social responsibility. However, no research has addressed pre-service science teachers’ views of social responsibility in literature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore Chinese pre-service science teachers' views on the social responsibility of scientists and engineers. The research participants were 194 pre-service science teachers. A social responsibility instrument was administered for data collection. The results showed that participants had high mean scores in five areas of social responsibility and a good awareness of the role of scientists and engineers in addressing problems and risks related to human, environmental, and societal impacts. However, they had lower mean scores in three areas requiring action or involvement. In addition, the results did not show statistical differences by gender or grade level. In light of our findings, we conclude pedagogical and practical implications for teachers and researchers in teaching social responsibility.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">538-548</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A DIDACTIC UNIT ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION: THE PRINCIPLE OF MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational importance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical induction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960178.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Among the mathematical methods which are taught in the last years of almost every high school, the mathematical induction deserves particular attention. It can be used both to define mathematical entities and to prove theorems. The second use is more common at high school level and is easier. Thus, I will basically focus on it, though analysing in depth two definitions by induction. The aim of this contribution is to offer the basic elements for a didact unit which could be developed in six/seven hours of lesson. 
In this editorial a didactic unit has been proposed. Here only the basic elements have been given. The unit might be enriched by tracing the history of the inductive principle, which is interesting and formative from an educational standpoint (see, e.g., Palladino-Bussotti 2002). From an epistemological-methodological perspective, it should be pointed out that mathematical induction is a method of proof, but not a method of discovery. It is not a heuristic procedure. The presentation of an organised set of lessons on the principle of mathematical induction is significant and appropriate in the last years of high school because: 1) it introduces the learners within a method typical of whole numbers; 2) it connects mathematical issues with logical ones; 3) it is useful in order to clarify the difference between the way of reasoning connoting mathematic and that typical of empirical sciences. Hence, it is also useful in a science education context; 4) it can be related to the history of mathematics, so as to show that mathematics is also a humanistic discipline, born from conceptual problems, and not only a technical one; 5) it has also connection with epistemological themes linked to the heuristic of mathematics.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hana Choi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilho Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seongun Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF LEARNER-CENTERED INTERVENTIONS IN SCIENCE LEARNING: COMPARING EYE MOVEMENT IN EYE MOVEMENT MODELING EXAMPLES AND PROMPTING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye movement modeling examples</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learner-oriented intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507559.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An integrated understanding of illustrations and texts is crucial for students to comprehend science teaching learning materials. Intervention methods can be employed to facilitate this integrated understanding. This study examined the effects of Eye Movement Modeling Examples (EMME) and Prompting interventions on the learning of illustrated scientific texts among primary school students. Furthermore, the study compared the reading strategies and learning comprehension of fifth-grade students who utilized EMME, an approach that facilitates learning through observational methods, with those who used Prompting, a method that directly guides learning through linguistic information. The study analysis revealed that EMME had a significantly greater effect on integrated reading strategies and learning comprehension compared with Prompting. Specifically, the EMME group exhibited an integrated reading strategy that involved relating the illustrations and texts, whereas the Prompting group and the control group did not demonstrate the same strategy. In addition, the post-test results indicated that the EMME group achieved higher average scores in verbal and pictorial factors compared with the other two groups.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">579-599</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şenel Çoruhlu, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer Çalık</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Er Nas, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Büşra Bilgin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS OF STUDENTS WITH MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mild intellectual disabilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681287618.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relevant literature has an unexplored question on how prediction-observation-explanation (POE) worksheets affect science process skills of students with mild intellectual disabilities (SMID). Therefore, this research aimed to examine the effect of POE worksheets developed for the “matter and its nature” subject on SMID’s science process skills. Through pre-experimental research design, 12 fifth grade SMID participated in the research. To collect data, the researchers used science process skills development forms and rubrics to score their observations. During the teaching intervention, SMID implemented three POE worksheets, which included buzz 22 technique in the ‘prediction’ stage, hands-on experiments and QR codes in the ‘observation’ stage and snowball, learning gallery or card showing techniques in the ‘evaluation’ stage. The results indicated that the POE worksheets are effective at developing SMID’s science process skills of the &quot;matter and its nature&quot; subject. This research recommends that future comparative research should unveil how the POE worksheets with/without active learning techniques impact the SMID’s SPS.   </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">323-336</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilara Ucar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serkan Yilmaz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ E-LEARNING STYLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning styles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676961398.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-learning is becoming more popular than conventional teaching methods, particularly in science education. The use of e-learning has increased worldwide, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Today, students’ e-learning styles have gained even more importance. The participants of this survey, which aimed to examine e-learning styles for selected variables, consisted of 401 pre-service science teachers from two public universities in Turkey. The personal information form was used to obtain data on gender, university, personal computer ownership status, type of device used to connect to the internet, grade level, number of social network memberships, internet usage purpose, and duration of social media use. Another tool used in face-to-face data collection was the E-Learning Styles Scale (ESS). As a result of the analysis, it was understood that participants’ e-learning style scores were generally on the positive side. In terms of gender, grade level, and duration of social media use variables, there were statistically significant differences in the ESS and some of its sub-dimensions, while differences were found in only some sub-dimensions for the university variables, internet usage purpose, and number of social network memberships. Several suggestions were made in conjunction with the results of the descriptive and inferential analyses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-181</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yulian Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weijun Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Xian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xianfeng Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiabin Huang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RESEARCH STATUS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCOPUS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729392.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although the number of publications on formative assessment in science education has long been high, there is no bibliometric analysis or scientific mapping in the literature to understand research trends in formative assessment research. This research aimed to examine the bibliometric results of articles on formative assessment in science education. Based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 94 articles were selected for analysis. The results show that between 2015-2016 and 2020-2022, the number of publications on formative assessment increased substantially. Among the top ten institutions that contributed to the research are three institutions from the United States. The results also show that the United States had the most publications. Analysis of the co-citations showed that the Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Science Education, and the International Journal of Science Education were cited more than 100 times. The three most cited studies were published in Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy, and Practice. The results show that the researcher used formative assessment, students, science education, teaching, education, engineering education, curricula, STEM, and e-learning in research on formative assessment. In light of the obtained results, practical suggestions for further studies are made in the conclusion. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1103-1119</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SHOULD EPONYMS BE KEPT? EMPHATIC YES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eponyms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific terminology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university courses</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286211.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conducting research in science education, the authors of the Journal of Baltic Science Education surely remember eponyms in school subjects and university courses. Eponym is a term that includes the name of the person, who discovered a species (biology), explored a glacier (geography), synthesized a compound (chemistry), formulated a law (physics), invented a device (engineering), proved a theorem (mathematics), treated or suffered a disease (medicine), etc. Most chemists and chemistry teachers know, e.g., such eponyms as Avogadro number, Wurtz reaction, Mendeleev table, Liebig condenser, Claisen adapter, Berthollet salt, asf.
	Eponyms are a relatively new domain of scientific terminology: they first appeared in the 19th century, when the development of science and technology grew rapidly, and scientists decided to honor brilliant colleagues, attaching their names to the discoveries they made. Before this, scientists used words from national and Latin languages to name discovered phenomena.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">188-191</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hong-wei Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wen-jie Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ling-min Yuan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TYPES OF QUALITY AND EQUAL SCIENCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUALITY IN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disadvantaged students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational equity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">equality in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inequality in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108116.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some education systems have both quality and equality. They have achieved educational equity. This study aimed to uncover the practical wisdom of such systems in developing educational equality. A quantitative research design was used. Family capital and science achievement were the variables analyzed. They were secondary data collected by the 2018 PISA test. PISA surveyed students' family capital with questionnaires and measured students' science achievement with cognitive items. Six education systems with quality but low equality comprised the control group. Its sample size ranged from 4656 to 8312. The experiment group included nine quality and equal education systems, with sample sizes ranging from 3766 to 21490. The relative error and conditional probability were calculated to determine educational equality. Rawls' difference principle was used as a theoretical perspective. The findings showed that quality and equal education systems had three types: equal-start, equal-improvement, and egalitarian. The primary measure to improve equality in education is to ensure educational benefits for students in the bottom quartile of family capital. The development of educational equality was accompanied by a sustained reduction in the achievement gap between the disadvantaged and the advantaged. Implications for educational practice are discussed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">439-453</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Song Xue</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liying Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hui-Wen Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keith Topping</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF MODELLING AND ANALOGY ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONTENT UNDERSTANDING AND TRANSFERABILITY: THE CASE OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analogy-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atomic concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652123108.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analogies and modelling have been developed and applied in learning and teaching science to facilitate students’ understanding of abstract concepts, such as atomic structure. Considering few studies focus on comparing the effects of two teaching strategies—analogy-based teaching (ABT) and modelling-based teaching (MBT)—this study aims to compare the effects of ABT and MBT on high school students’ content understanding and transferability of atomic concepts in science. Implementing a quasi-experimental design with pre-post-delayed tests, the study compared learning outcomes achieved by the MBT group (N = 68) and the ABT group (N = 69). The results showed both MBT and ABT could improve students’ content understanding and promote transferability. However, the MBT group significantly outperformed the ABT group in terms of generating initial models and overall transferability. Although there was no difference in content understanding, or near or far transferability, at post-test between the two groups, the MBT group maintained more extended memory of atomic structure on the delayed post-test. Moreover, qualitative analysis of students’ drawings of atomic models revealed that both groups were able to develop and transfer their models, but inadequate scientific knowledge affected the quality of the transfer product. These findings have implications for designing and implementing instructional approaches that leverage analogy and modelling in the science class.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">325-341</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ainara Achurra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teresa Zamalloa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Araitz Uskola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHILDHOOD PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ READINESS FOR USING DRAWING AS A SCIENCE TEACHING STRATEGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawing science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ readiness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187481.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of drawings for science learning helps students to develop communication, modelling, and reasoning skills. Teachers should be trained to use them. This study addresses the readiness (knowledge, confidence and awareness of the importance and usefulness of drawings) of 120 preservice teachers (PSTs) for using teacher-made drawings as a strategy for teaching science, after participating in activities in which they used drawing as a way to represent scientific knowledge. The knowledge of how to draw was analysed by evaluating the presence of interrelated components, mechanisms and phenomena in drawings of the digestive system. Open questions were used to examine three aspects: confidence, awareness of the importance and awareness of the usefulness. Exploratory cluster analyses were also conducted. 69% scored low in knowledge, more than 90% scored high in awareness of the importance and of the usefulness. 28% showed high confidence. No PSTs with high knowledge and low confidence were found. All PSTs with high knowledge showed high awareness of the importance. It is concluded that in order to prepare teachers for using drawings in science teaching, teacher education programs should include the development of drawing skills that could enhance their confidence and awareness of its importance. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">911-927</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandar Janković</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragan Lambić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF GAME-BASED LEARNING VIA KAHOOT AND QUIZIZZ ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THIRD GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">game-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kahoot</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-test-post-test research design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quizizz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122393.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The application of student response systems could have a lesser effect on the science education of younger students compared to the effects achieved with older students in language and social science courses. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the application of Kahoot and Quizizz on the academic achievement of third grade primary school students (9 years old) in a natural sciences course. A total of 113 third grade primary school students participated in this research. During the experimental phase which lasted 4 weeks, the participants were divided into three groups. Out of two experimental groups one group used Kahoot as a learning aid, while the other used Quizziz. The third group was the control group. At the beginning and at the end of the experimental phase, the participants were given an academic achievement test. The results of this research showed that the experimental group which used Kahoot for learning the content of the natural sciences course achieved significantly higher results in the post-test than the control group. There were no significant differences in the academic achievement of the group which used Quizizz and the other two groups. This result indicated that Kahoot could be used effectively as a learning aid in third grade primary education in the field of natural sciences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224-231</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yinsheng Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei He</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li Zhao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF INQUIRY LEARNING WITH DIFFERENT TASK ORDERS ON FIFTH GRADERS' INDIVIDUAL AND SITUATIONAL INTEREST AND CONCEPT ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">individual interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">situational interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">task order</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667237111.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based learning has been widely applied in the classroom. Different inquiry learning models may have different orders of performing tasks and discussing. In this study, the Discuss-Do (D-DO) inquiry model and the Do-Discuss (DO-D) inquiry model were applied in the science learning of two groups of fifth-grade students. Group 1 (n = 41) used the Discuss-Do model whereas Group 2 (n = 38) used the Do-Discuss model. Interest measurements and the Light Reflection Test were administered to the two groups prior to and following the experiment to investigate the effects of the two kinds of inquiry model on students' individual and situational interest, and concept achievement through learning the unit of Light Reflection in a science course. Results showed a significant difference in situational interest and concept achievement between the two groups. However, there was no significant difference in the individual interest of the two groups. Findings suggested that the adoption of the Do-Discuss model is more conducive to learners' development of situational interest and concept achievement, which has implications for exploring task order adjustments for inquiry-based learning, as well as in education for science instructors. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">849-861</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soyoung Yun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NARRATIVES OF THREE NOVICE IN-SERVICE SCIENCE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: THEIR JOURNEY OF ACHIEVING TEACHER AGENCY AND TEACHER BELIEF</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">designing science lesson</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">novice teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher agency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671188041.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explores the phenomenon of 'school adaptation of novice primary school teachers' in the process of entering their actual primary school field. This study also studies the achievement of teacher agency and their teacher belief establishment procedure as novice teachers, not only in the actual teaching context but also as teachers who faced a special situation where their given role was different from what they learned from their university life. This study used a 'narrative' methodology. Narrative inquiry starts with 'researcher's narrative', which begins with the researcher's own story. The participants joined in interviews and submitted their teaching diaries. The participants of this study were three novice in-service teachers who were newly assigned to their primary schools. The research results are as follows. First, the novice primary school teachers achieved teacher agency while adjusting themselves to the school for a year. Second, novice primary school teachers did their best in terms of preparing for their classes in the process of being familiar with their schools’ culture and system. This study highlighted the need for dual support of teaching and administrative tasks for novice primary school teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1040-1051</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL: SOME SIGNIFICANT POINTS </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187403.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The problems of natural science education remain extremely relevant. Over the last two decades, international conferences and symposia dedicated to the study of issues of natural science education have been held in many countries and at various levels. It was especially emphasized that the natural science literacy of society is insufficient, and its relevance will only increase in the 21st century. Early natural science education promotes and develops natural science literacy (Ferreira et al., 2015). In general, various changes have taken place and are taking place in the field of natural science education: the content of education is changing, the search for more effective forms and methods of teaching is taking place, etc., on the other hand, new quality society needs are emerging. There is no doubt that the significance of natural science education for the development of a child’s personality is extremely high. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">908-910</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woongbin Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH TRENDS AND ISSUES INCLUDING COMPUTATIONAL THINKING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computational thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trend analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667237304.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Software (SW) is one of the key technologies in modern society, and its importance is receiving the attention of the educational community. In addition, Computational Thinking (CT) has been studied in fields of various education such as computer science, science, mathematics, and technology. The prominence of computer science education has increased in K-12 South Korean schools with the effect of the 2015 Revised National Curriculum and the National Plan for Activating Software Education. In addition, there are active efforts to include CT in science, technology, and mathematics classrooms. Therefore, this study aims to review prior studies on CT in science and mathematics education. The results of this study are as follows: 1) CT in science and mathematics education has a different conceptual approach than CT in computer education. Science education is mostly about problem-solving activities using computers, and mathematics education mostly utilizes the ‘abstraction’ related approach. 2) The key to improving CT in both subjects is to implement practical experience in science and mathematics education. Variables of interest in prior studies were scientific and mathematical problem-solving skills, the attitude of subjects, and creativity. 3) CT education in science and mathematics education has used a convergence education approach (STEAM education). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">875-887</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seraceddin Levent Zorluoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yalçinkaya Önder, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betül Timur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serkan Timur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elif Güvenç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilgım Özergun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muzaffer Özdemir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE SCOPE OF SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND THE 5E EDUCATIONAL MODEL IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E educational model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671188373.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education focuses on the methods of thinking about and using process skills rather than memorizing scientific facts. 5E educational model aims to learn by discovering scientific knowledge and engaging students in learning environments. The aim of this study was to examine the articles in the field of education related to the 5E educational model and science process skills (SPS) according to some criteria. The search in databases was carried out to cover the articles conducted in the last twelve years (2010-2021). Over the last 12 years, 522 articles on the 5E educational model and science process skills have been examined. In this descriptive content analysis study, randomized sampling came to the fore as the preferred sampling method, lower-secondary school students as the sample type, 11-50 as the sample size, and studies in which the effectiveness of a method was tested as the research type, lower-secondary school science as the research discipline, quasi-experimental as a research design, achievement tests as data collection tools, and frequency/percentage/charts were frequently used in data analysis.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1101-1118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu Lan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaohui Chi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhao Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ INTERDISCIPLINARY UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interdisciplinary Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interdisciplinary Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch Measurement Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680664.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science educators have highlighted the need to develop students to integrate knowledge across science disciplines to address real-world issues. However, there has been little research about the development of interdisciplinary assessment instruments. In this research, the instrument that measures the level of upper-secondary school students’ interdisciplinary understanding of environmental issues was developed and validated based upon Wilson’s Construct Modeling framework. After a pilot testing, the revised assessment instrument of interdisciplinary understanding covering five typical environmental problems comprised 14 multiple-choice questions and four constructed-response questions. Five hundred twenty-three eleventh graders, including 279 boys and 244 girls from mainland China, made up the research sample. The partial credit Rasch analysis has verified the reliability and validity of the interdisciplinary understanding instrument. In addition, the results of cluster analysis revealed that over half of the students could use some partially accurate scientific concepts and principles from two or more disciplinary perspectives to deal with a specific environmental issue. The validated instrument can provide insights for assessing and developing upper-secondary school students’ interdisciplinary understanding in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">811-826</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONCEPT OF INERTIA: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inertia law</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sensorial experiences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648316.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Every body perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon” (p. Newton 1846, p. 83).
This is the famous first axiom or law of motion stated by Newton in his masterpiece The Mathematical principles of natural philosophy (ivi). Everywhere, in the courses of physics at the high school level the inertia principle is the first to be taught. However, there are many doubts that most of learners fully grasp its numerous and fundamental nuances, which are necessary for a satisfying introduction to physics. Therefore, I propose an interdisciplinary approach for the explanation of this principle in which history of science and analysis of the daily experiences are joined to offer a complete comprehension of the concept of inertia. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hüseyin Ateş</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gülcan Demir Özdenk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cüneyt Çalışkan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINANTS OF SCIENCE TEACHERS’ HEALTHY EATING BEHAVIORS: COMBINING HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AND THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health belief model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">healthy eating behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theory of Planned Behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707190.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of determinants of science teachers’ healthy eating intentions and behaviors by combining the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior into one conceptual framework and considering the mediating impact of attitude and intention on behavior. This study was conducted based on cross sectional study design between November 2019 and February 2020. A total of 13 hypotheses were tested and data collected from 563 science teachers in Turkey were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the study showed that the proposed model explained the variance in intention and behavior at a more satisfactory level than existing theories. The results also revealed that all of the hypotheses were supported. In addition, the mediating role of attitude and intention in understanding science teachers’ healthy eating behaviors was identified. The study can provide important implications for education stakeholders, curriculum developers and science educators. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">573-589</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cenk Akay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sedat Kanadli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF REACT STRATEGY ON ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A MIXED RESEARCH SYNTHESIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contextual teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed research synthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REACT strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639221934.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is a contradiction in the literature about the effect of REACT strategy on science achievement. This study aims to resolve this contradiction by determining the effect of REACT strategy on student science achievement and the factors affecting this strategy by integrating findings obtained from both qualitative and quantitative studies. The study was conducted using a mixed-research synthesis by including 19 quantitative and 10 qualitative studies. Data obtained from quantitative findings were combined using a meta-analysis method, and data from qualitative findings were combined using a thematic synthesis method. It was attempted to explain the variance between studies included in the meta-analysis by using analytic themes derived from the thematic synthesis. As a result of the meta-analysis, teaching based on the REACT strategy was found to have a strong effect on science achievement (ES = 1.041, 95% CI: 0.7876 to 1.2948). The thematic synthesis yielded four descriptive themes, “teaching-learning process in the REACT strategy”, “learning outcomes in the REACT strategy”, “limitations of the REACT strategy”, and “recommendations for practice”. Teaching based on the REACT strategy was found to contribute largely to the learning process and learning outcomes. Some limitations were found in practice, and recommendations were determined to address these limitations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">868-880</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün Bakkaloğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pınar Özdemir Şimşek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EVALUATION OF THE CREATIVE DRAMA METHOD USED IN THIRD- AND FOURTH- GRADE CLASSES ON ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS BY TEACHING METHOD AND TEACHER EFFECT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative drama method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher effect</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707310.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study deals with the effects of applying drama method in the teaching of environmental issues in science courses on the achievement, retention of learning, student interest and attitudes of primary school students and also whether these effects are dependent on teachers. The study was designed on the basis of the Solomon Four-Group Design. The study is a two group pre- and post-test experiment in two parts, each part having an experimental and control group. The courses were delivered to both groups by the researcher in the first part and drama teacher in the second. The experimental groups received 144 hours of teaching for six weeks, during which a drama course outline was employed, while in the control groups the courses followed the course outlines covered in the curricula. The data were collected using the Environmental Achievement Test, Interest Scale towards the Environment and Attitude Scale towards Science. The findings suggest that the teachers had some effects on the methods, but the significant differences in scores were due to the drama method, which was found to improve the achievement of the third-grade students and the interest towards environment and attitudes towards science of both third- and fourth-grade students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">590-611</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei He</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaohong Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kai-Hsin Tai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon-Chao Hong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE EFFECTS ON FIFTH GRADERS’ CONCEPT ACHIEVEMENT AND SCIENTIFIC EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS: APPLYING THE PREDICTION-OBSERVATION-EXPLANATION INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING MODEL IN SCIENCE EDUCATION </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light refraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prediction-observation-explanation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific epistemological beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707839.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The inquiry-based learning model can facilitate students’ understanding of scientific concepts. Scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs) are related to students’ beliefs about the nature of the process of knowledge in science education. However, whether the “prediction-observation-explanation” (POE) inquiry-based learning model can facilitate fifth graders’ concept achievement and SEBs in science education has not been extensively studied. This study selected the unit of Light Refraction to explore the effects of POE learning on fifth graders’ science concept achievement and SEBs. The Light Refraction Test and Scientific Epistemological Beliefs measurement were applied to the two groups prior to and following the experiment. The experimental group (N=86) participated in POE inquiry-based learning, whereas the control group (N=88) participated without POE inquiry-based learning. The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups, with the experimental group learners performing better than the control group in the concept achievement. In addition, the results showed better positive effects of POE on experimental group learners’ SEBs in the scales of Source and Certainty. Findings suggested that learners achieved better concept achievements and SEBs with the approach of POE inquiry-based learning, which pointed to certain implications for inquiry-based teaching, as well as in education of future science instructors.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">664-676</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Ihsan Benzer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suat Ünal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELS AND MODELLING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION IN TURKEY: A LITERATURE REVIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">literature review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">models in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790650.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined articles about models and modelling in the context of science education in Turkey by using content analysis method. Two specific academic databases; one of which was Dergipark, a platform including the academic journals published in Turkey, and Scholar Google were examined in detail so that totally 71 articles on models and modelling in science education were identified. The “article analysis form” developed by the researchers considering into the relevant literature was used to examine these articles. The findings were presented in tables and charts to show the frequency and percentile values regarding the articles examined. As a result, it was found that the purpose of most of the articles is to examine the effect of model / modelling-based teaching method. Concerning the discipline related in the articles, physics was seen to be on the top of the list, more specifically astronomy subject. As another result, qualitative research method appeared to be the most commonly used research method in the articles at hand. Lastly, it was found out that the most frequently examined variable was the mental model of the participants, and the most preferred data collection instrument was conceptual understanding test. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">344-359</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC SCIENCE EDUCATION: ROLES AND CONTRIBUTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public opinion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social relations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633974397.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why we need Science in our life? Why, when, and how people should learn scientific facts and acquire skills originated from application of specific scientific methods? Whether Science education is limited exclusively with the mission to prepare students to their life in the world of Physical/chemical/biological objects or vice versa it has a special cognitive potential that gives rise to the ability of every person regardless on its professional and social occupation to solve problems more effectively? JBSE publishes articles in which our authors try to answer all these questions exploring the issues of science education in different contexts. At the turn of the millennium, people have met a lot of new realities referring to issues in technologies, psychology, social relations etc. The life has changed drastically during a few last decades and a lot of traditional things seem to be perceived completely differently. How all those changes influenced the attitude to Science, how this is reflected in social and humanitarian issues, and finally, which ways should be proposed for Science Education in new reality?</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">696-699</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC SCIENCE EDUCATION: SOME MORE ROLES AND CONTRIBUTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational ideology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science discipline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639221873.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In previous editorial (Lakhvich, 2021) we have discussed three comprehensive roles of Science Education, determining its contribution to our life: if briefly, (1) Science Education  gives the methodology to digest facts via the experiment, reasoning, and discussion; (2) Science Education gives rise to the development of logics, problem-solving skills, complements the command of language, social communication and etc.; (3) Science Education develops specific person’s thinking skills involved in inquiry, experimentation, evidence evaluation, speculation argumentation, and finally, inference. In this issue we pursue the topic discussing two more roles the Science Education contributes to our life. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">864-867</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matěj Novák</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Petr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomáš Ditrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WORK WITH THE TASKS DESIGNED FOR BIOLOGY OLYMPIAD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Olympiad</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">difficulty of tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633974438.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For the possibility of using competitive tasks from the Biology Olympiad (BiO), either directly or after certain adaptations for everyday teaching tasks in the teaching process, it was aimed to determine if students could work meaningfully with them. The success of 2nd-year secondary school students (n = 113) in solutions of tasks (n = 5) designated for BiO was compared with the solutions by the regional round BiO´s participants. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey´s multiple comparison test were used for the statistical evaluation of the data. The research shows that secondary school students achieved an average success rate of 47.58 ± 12.51 % and BiO participants 62.69 ± 9.86 %. Within the results of all selected tasks, at least someone of the class of the secondary students achieved similar results in each of the tasks as BiO participants. That indicates that secondary school students were able to work meaningfully with BiO tasks which confirmed students' eligibility for work with these tasks.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">827-839</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">José Luís Araújo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carla Morais</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">João Carlos Paiva</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE: THE CONTRIBUTION OF A CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT FOR MONITORING COASTAL WATER QUALITY AND (MICRO)PLASTICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards science scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudinal changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citizen science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water quality monitoring</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222003.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The promotion of positive attitudes towards science is an important goal of science education. This research aimed to identify students' attitudes towards science and whether their participation within a citizen science project has contributed to positive attitudinal changes. So, an attitudinal scale was developed, validated, and applied (as a pre and post-test) to 574 students aged between 12 and 14 years old. Positive attitudes towards science were recorded from the outset among children of both groups. Students' participation within the experimental group enhanced relevant positive attitudinal changes at the level of the critical analysis dimension, related to the perception of skills development such as questioning or critical thinking. Furthermore, positive attitudinal changes were achieved within the affinity dimension, related to perceived self-efficacy and appreciation of science and science classes. Positive attitudinal changes towards science among students indicate that citizen science contributes to enhance affective and attitudinal domains of their scientific literacy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">881-893</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khaled Saleh Alrawili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saeed Almuntasheri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF SCAFFOLDING STRATEGIES ON HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN SCIENCE CLASSROOM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher-order thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saudi Arabia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scaffolding strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524467.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encouraging students’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTs) has become an ultimate objective for several education programmes. Being a significant domain of scaffolding strategies, HOTs has been considered as a concern that should persistently be at the vanguard of reform agenda of science. The present research aims to examine the effect of scaffolding strategies on HOTs of middle school science students in the context of Saudi Arabia. To carry out the research aim, quasi-experimental design has been applied based on multiple-choice questions comprising 20 questions all distributed on four skills, namely, application, analysis, evaluation and creation. The total population of the research was 84 grade 9 students who all sat for both pre-test and post-test. Convenient sampling was chosen as a sampling method that typically suits both the experimental group (42 students) and the control group (42 students). After collection, data were analysed using both descriptive analysis, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics including t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate ANOVA. The effect of scaffolding strategies on the four skills was found to be significant (p &lt;.01). The present research can contribute to the enhancement of students’ HOTs, provided that scaffolding strategies are applied in science classes and, from a research perspective, will be a reference for researchers who are interested in scaffolding strategies in the context of either Saudi Arabia or other countries.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">718-729</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liliana Mâță</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iuliana M. Lazăr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roxana Ghiațău</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING ACADEMIC DISHONESTY PRACTICES AMONG SCIENCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic dishonesty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bi-factor models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fraudulence in using IT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misuse in using IT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plagiarism in using IT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269786.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to explore e-dishonesty practices among science education undergraduates based on measurement models. The measuring tool was the Internet-triggered Academic Dishonesty Scale (IADS) comprised of ten items for the fraudulence construct and five items for the plagiarism construct as proposed by Akbulut et al. (2008), and another eight items as proposed by Karim, Zamzuri, and Nor (2009) for the construct of misuse in using information technologies by university students. A pilot sample of 125 valid responses and a test sample of 249 valid responses collected from university students in the Science Education program were subjects of factor analyses, non-parametric and invariance test methods. 16-item IADS scale was confirmed in a Romanian higher education context. A second-order factor (e-dishonesty), and three dimensions of first-order factors (plagiarism, fraudulence, and misuse in using information technologies (IT)) were validated. Plagiarism was the most important factor, followed by fraudulence and misuse in using IT. E-dishonesty practices dimensions not varied depending on the sociodemographic profile of undergraduates. The case study research provided a significant contribution to the understanding of ethical Internet behaviors and to generate an appropriate tool to measure the e-dishonesty practices among undergraduates learning science education subjects. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-107</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şengül Atasoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seyhan Eryılmaz Toksoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer Çalık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFYING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ INITIAL IMPRESSIONS OF THE CONCEPT CARTOONS IN THE SCHOOL CORRIDORS AND INFORMAL PHYSICS LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept cartoon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">informal learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">initial impression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269416.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since concept cartoons give an important opportunity for students to achieve informal physics learning, the current research focused on pre-service teachers’ initial impressions of the concept cartoons in the school corridors and informal physics learning. The aim of the research was to determine pre-service teachers’ initial impressions of  the concept cartoons in the school corridors and informal physics learning via the concept cartoons. After a 14-week intervention, a questionnaire with seven open-ended questions was administered to 542 pre-service teachers from primary, mathematics and science teacher education programmes. Their responses to the questionnaire were exposed to qualitative content analysis via two categories (advanced and poor impression). The results showed that pre-service teachers generally refered to advanced impressions of the concept cartoons. In light of the results, it can be deduced that the concept cartoons have enhanced their initial impressions of informal physics/science learning via the concept cartoons. The current research recommends that pre-service teachers should be encouraged to produce their own concept cartoons on the topic(s) they found difficult. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25-35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paweł Bernard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karol Dudek-Różycki</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INQUIRY-BASED METHODS ON SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CLASSROOM PRACTICE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941315.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based methods have become very popular in science education all over the world. In Europe, they were strongly advocated in years 2007-2013 within the 7th EU Framework Programme projects, and in that time, in many countries teacher educational programmes (TEP) in inquiry were developed and implemented. However, there has been limited information on how effective those trainings are, and how teachers bring theory into practice. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the impact of training in inquiry-based methods on the teachers’ professional practices. The training consisted of two stages: I – one-week-long core training, and II – one-year-long extended support. Ninety-two science teachers participated in the research. It had a quantitative character and was based on a self-evaluation sheet that was completed three times: before the training, a month after the training, and a year after the training. The research results revealed current Polish science teachers’ practices related to facilitating learning by inquiry and identified the inquiry’s features that were immediately adopted by teachers, those that were adopted after a longer period, and finally, those that were not implemented at all. These results can be especially useful to educators who design and run TEPs in inquiry-based teaching and learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-219</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olugbenga A. Ige</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES OF SCIENCE TEACHERS IN RURAL LEARNING ECOLOGIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence portfolios</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">short learning intervention programme</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524800.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The outcomes of IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) conducted from 1995 to 2002 confirmed that there was no improvement in the learning outcomes of grade eight learners in Mathematics and Science. Additionally, the failure rate in Mathematics at the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Matriculation examination has increased from 2008 to 2018 in South African schools. It was consequent on this decline in performance that the South African National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL) Chair in Science and Mathematics Education developed a short learning intervention programme for Mathematics teachers in South Africa in 2013 and 2014. This research reports post-intervention instructional practices of five teachers at Reitz who took part in the intervention programme. The teachers took part in the training workshops that were orgnised  for participants at the University of the Free State, implemented the knowledge acquired from the programme in their respective schools, and compiled an evidence portfolios of their post-intervention instructional practices. The portfolios of evidence submitted by the teachers were thus analysed to give voice and meaning to their post-intervention instructional practices and reflections. The analyses provide evidences of which aspects of their instructional delivery worked well while other aspects did not work well. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">780-803</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfiya R. Masalimova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena I. Cherdymova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albina R. Shaidullina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEW PLAYMAKER IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: COVID-19</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human existence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Novel Coronavirus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941191.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowadays, we all are sitting in our homes and watching what is going on in the world, as if we are watching a science fiction movie, in which we have the leading role. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), which first appeared in Wuhan (Abdulamir, &amp; Hafidh, 2020; Ait Addi et al., 2020 Aljofan,  &amp; Gaipov, 2020; Sorooshian, 2020) and later turned into a pandemic affecting the entire world, does not discriminate between the degree of democracy, finances, religion, gender, ethnicity and region. World is a fireplace and we all are “burning”. 
In the countries where the pandemic is progressing rapidly, all health professionals, regardless of their area of expertise, have been called to the field. This reminds us of the need to revive the general perspective that we have begun to forget. That is to say, no matter how specific our area of expertise is, we are obliged to keep the general perspective of our field and basic doctrines constantly fresh.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180-185</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Demkanin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE WAYS THE THEORY OF PHYSICS EDUCATION CAN EVOLVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572136.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theory of physics education, as well as our Journal of Baltic Science Education, made a significant step over the last 20 years. Twenty years ago, formal physics education had a one-and-a-half century of development; JBSE was just an idea to be turned into the 1st issue in 2002. In this article, I would like to mention some of the great steps physics education made in the last decades and some open questions for the nearest future. I would like to apologize to the readers from the field of biology, chemistry or primary science education - unlike in my previous articles in this Journal (Demkanin, 2013; Demkanin, 2018), here I focus on physics education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">860-863</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CALCULATIONS OF AREAS AND VOLUMES USING THE METHOD OF ARCHIMEDES: SOME DIDACTIC CONSIDERATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science history</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576224811.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An interdisciplinary approach to education is nowadays considered an important aspect to improve the critical skills of the learners so that they can guess how several aspects of the human knowledge are interconnected. A key aspect of interdisciplinary education is represented by the use of the history of a certain subject within the teaching of the subject itself. This is particularly conspicuous in science education. For, the appropriate and not superficial introduction of historical elements within science education allows the pupils to discover the human aspects of science, the problems behind the creation and development of many concepts, which are often presented only in a formal manner. As a matter of fact, after having grasped that some problems are difficult and after having understood and appreciated the efforts that in the course of history the scientists have carried out to solve such problems, the learners will accept the necessity of a formalization and will not consider such a formalization as a sort of abstract doctrine imposed by the teachers for unspecified reasons. Furthermore, history of science has profound relations with history, mathematics, science, philosophy, physique and technique, so that it is a typical interdisciplinary subject which can be exploited in an educative context.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">812-815</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONCEPT OF FORM IN GEOMETRY: SOME CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Euclidean geometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Euclidean propositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359213.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The concept of form is one of the most intuitive within our experience. When we say that two objects of different dimensions have or do not have the same form there is not properly a reflexion behind this claim. Rather, it is, at all appearances, based on our visual faculties, which is perfectly in order in the context of our daily life. This intuitive and visual notion of form is suitable to the necessities of our practical, or also esthetical, experience. However, on second thought, things are not so easy: suppose that I look at an object and I find that it is circular. I claim, hence, that it is a circle and my statement is correct. Another person looks at this object from another point of view and sees that this object is an ellipsis or a hyperbola or a parabola. He is not wrong. This person is not the prey of a dream or of a hallucination. He is observing the world from another point of view, or as usually told in mathematics and physics, from another reference frame. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152-157</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Billy A. Danday</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheryl Lyn C. Monterola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF MICROTEACHING MULTIPLE-REPRESENTATION PHYSICS LESSON STUDY ON PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ CRITICAL THINKING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lesson study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571127016.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A research on the effects of the microteaching Multiple-Representation Lesson Study (MRLS) on pre-service Physics teachers’ critical thinking was conducted using a pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental design. Eighteen fourth year Bachelor of Secondary Education-Physical Science majors participated in the research. The experimental group employed the microteaching MRLS while the control group implemented the Traditional Instructional Planning Approach (TIPA). Data were gathered from multiple sources such as researcher-made written tests, interviews, diaries, and field notes. The Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to ascertain statistical difference between the experimental and the control group. Results revealed significant differences in the scores between the two groups in the overall critical thinking and on its sub-domains. Findings indicate beneficial effects of the microteaching MRLS in developing pre-service teachers’ critical thinking. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">692-707</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yen-Ling Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shu Wen Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Chieh Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACTS OF A MARINE SCIENCE BOARD GAME ON MOTIVATION, INTEREST, AND ACHIEVEMENT IN MARINE SCIENCE LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">board game teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">marine education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226192.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research sought to explore how teaching utilizing a marine science-related board game affected students’ motivation, interest, and achievement in marine science learning at the high school level. The research utilized an experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements and a classroom setting, and included an experimental group containing 25 students and a control group  containing 26 students. The experiment was carried out over the course of 12 lessons, with various questionnaires, including a marine science learning motivation (MSLM) inventory, a marine science learning interest (MSLI) inventory, and a marine science learning achievement (MSLA) inventory, being used as the measurement instruments. The research analysed the students’ scores on these inventories using one-way analysis of ANCOVA. The main results of this research were as follows: 1) with regard to the MSLM inventory, the ‘relevance’, ‘confidence’, and ‘total score’ were significantly different between the two groups; 2) with regard to the MSLI inventory, the ‘cognitions regarding marine science’ were significantly different between the two groups; and 3) with regard to the MSLA, all of the dimensions including ‘memory’, ‘understanding’, ‘high-level thinking’, and ‘total score’ were significantly different between the two groups. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">907-923</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDUSTRY 4.0 AND SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical paradigm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">industry 4.0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571123849.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industry 4.0 and its applications are one of the most important issues of countries that want to keep their competitiveness in the field of scientific, technological and innovation in today's world. The Countries that are not able to adapt to Industry 4.0 processes will not be able to develop scientifically and technologically or keep up with current innovation processes. One of the aims of this paper is to explain the concept of industry 4.0 to our readers in a comprehensible manner and to show how much science education is actually related to industry 4.0.
In a general sense, Industry 4.0 or in other words, the 4th Industrial Revolution is an expression that includes many modern automation processes, large databases that communicate with each other, robotic devices and dark factories, in short, quality production technologies. In addition, Industry 4.0 includes modern technologies such as additive manufacturing, autonomous robots, big data, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, system integration, internet of things, cybersecurity, cloud computing, machine learning, deep learning etc. These technologies play an important role especially in the formation of new smart factories.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">652-653</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF LIGHT PROPAGATION TIME FOR 10- AND 14-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS: DIDACTICAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-sectional research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light propagation time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359871.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student’s mental representations of physical concepts are often different from those of scientists. The research aimed to identify and compare mental representations of light propagation time by school children aged 10 (132 subjects), and 14 (109 subjects) years old. This research was conducted through individual interviews in which the students were asked to locate light propagation time in various tasks-experimental situations. The results of this research show that even though the students of two groups face difficulties in understanding light propagation time, as they grow older, they make statistically significant progress in constructing the conception of light propagation time. These findings allow to seek out educational perspectives on the understanding of the conception of light propagation time in organised scholastic environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">276-285</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfiya R. Masalimova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTORING ON SCIENCE TEACHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mentoring activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559371904.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowadays, mentoring as an educational form of Russia’s occupational activity is undergoing fundamental changes due to the variety of interrelated factors affecting the mentoring system. The requirements for the mentoring system itself are affected by these changes as well. Nature of the mentoring activity influences socio-economic, political, socio-cultural, pedagogical, methodical and individual factors. 
The main mechanism for the implementation of the proposed principles of mentoring is an integrative approach, involving the integration and interaction of 1) two processes – the process of occupational development of teachers and their readiness to implement mentoring activities; 2) two types of activities – occupational and mentoring; 3) all entities of the educational institution in the process of mentoring.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">320-322</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROPOSALS FOR SMALL STEPS TOWARD REPRODUCIBILITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL STUDIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence-based interventions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">opposite reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082532.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is evident that almost nobody is satisfied with contemporary (science) education, however, critique and proposed solutions to the perceived educational problems are sometimes established from opposite reasoning. Nowadays we can witness, for example, debates about position, role and effect of digital mobile technologies, social networks, and many other issues on behaviour and performance of students. Suggestions about their place in science education are on a scale between transforming education toward digital technologies and calls to prohibit, at least some of them, on the other end. Unfortunately enough argumentation too many times follows patterns recognized as ‘The demon-haunted world’ (Sagan, 1995) and a vocabulary and argumentation in line with Frankfurt’s (2005) famous essay ‘On bullshit’.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Cansiz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurcan Cansiz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RECONCEPTUALIZING AND FIELD TESTING THE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY FRAMEWORK BY EXPLORING THE ASPECT OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY IN TURKISH SCIENCE CURRICULUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">affective domain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">document analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy framework</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571126948.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was twofold. The first aim was to revise the existing scientific literacy framework developed by Boujaoude in accordance with the current literature about scientific literacy. The second aim was to explore how the aspects of scientific literacy were reflected in the Turkish science curriculum using the revised framework. The impact of science and technology on environment resulted in the need for both scientifically and environmentally literate individuals and therefore, any framework examining scientific literacy should include the interaction between science, technology, society, and environment as an aspect. Moreover, a new aspect was suggested for the framework, the affective side of science, considering the affective outcomes of science education. Finally, the science curriculum from grades 3 to 8 was analyzed using the revised framework. Results showed that the revisions on the framework resulted in a more rigorous framework which evaluates scientific literacy more precisely. Moreover, the results about the analysis of science curriculum indicated that the knowledge of science and the investigative nature of science were reflected in the objectives of the curriculum more than other aspects. The results and implications were discussed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">681-691</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang Xiantong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang Mengmeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Song Xin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hou Lan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang Qiang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL EQUITY: A SURVEY ON THE ABILITY TO DESIGN SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS OF SIXTH-GRADE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regional educational equity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific experiments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226522.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Due to the vast territory, there are problems of unbalanced development of education and students’ ability level in China. In order to explore the relation between regional education equity and the development of students’ scientific ability, and to better promote the development of education and students’ growth, it is urgent to carry out the research. In the context of regional coordinated development, stratified random sampling and cluster sampling were used to study the ability to design scientific experiments of 742 sixth-grade students in Beijing. The results showed that, first of all, the ability to design scientific experiments of 742 sixth-grade students in Beijing was low and the developmental level was not coordinated. Secondly, there was a significant correlation between gender and students’ ability to design scientific experiments. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between districts and the ability to guess and predict. Finally, significant positive correlations were found among the internal structures of ability to design scientific experiments. Therefore, in order to promote the coordinated development of students’ ability to design scientific experiments, this paper puts forward effective suggestions in four aspects: improving science teachers’ professionalism, offering experimental resources, updating teaching philosophy and strengthening curriculum construction.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">971-985</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunsang Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH TRENDS AND ISSUES OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-RELATED RESEARCH IN SOUTH KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trends</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372259.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to explore research trends and issues in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in South Korea. To accomplish this, we conducted an analysis of 222 peer-reviewed journal papers related to ESD in South Korea. The research concentrated on identifying four characteristics of ESD research: 1) key publication features, 2) the research topics described, 3) the research design employed, and 4) the types of sample/subjects. The results showed that the initial ESD research began in South Korea in 2005, and the number of the journal papers has increased since 2010. Regarding research topics, more research has been conducted on establishing conceptual or theoretical foundations related to ESD. Moreover, teachers’ attitudes or perceptions and program development associated with sustainable development were studied in depth. There were similar ratios of the theoretical research, quantitative research, and qualitative research regarding research design but mixed methods studies indicating the least ratio. Content analysis was the most prevalent analysis technique for quantitative/mixed ESD research. Regarding data sources or participants, the most common data source was the literature. Several research suggestions were made for assessing ESD programs and in-service teachers’ ESD professional development. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-388</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leon Yufeng Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathan M. Truong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsin-Yen Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuen-Hsian Tseng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE-EDU-COMMUNICATION: TRENDS REVEAL IN 20 YEARS OF SCIENCE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATAR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science-edu-communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientometric analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571128365.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">By investigating scholarly output in science communication from 1997 to 2018, this research sought evidence that science education has been increasingly focusing on communication methods to reach the public. Through an automatic scientometric method, this study analyzed 1300 articles published in two leading journals in the field of science communication. As a result, seven trends were revealed and categorized into three themes: Public engagement with science (PES); Media and science (MS); and Issues in science (IS). Furthermore, PES and MS scholarly output were found increased significantly.  The findings confirmed the goal of this research. However, it then suggested a research area of bridging science education and science communication that is currently less explored. Given increased focus towards PES and MS, these fields are primed for further collaboration to more engage the public in science learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">793-805</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena Ž. Maksimović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena S. Osmanović</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ SELF-CONCEPT AND ITS BENEFITS FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empirical research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550083061.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-concept, understood as an impression or idea one has about oneself, represents a significant precondition for the professional improvement of teachers, as well as for the advancement of teaching itself and students’ development of  their own positive self-concept. This research aimed to examine the idea of self-concept with the purpose of determining the manner in which primary and secondary school teachers perceive themselves. The factors to be analyzed in relation to the variables, work experience and pay satisfaction, were defined by means of the scale of estimates and factor analysis. The obtained results showed that accepting oneself, self-improvement, self-satisfaction and job satisfaction, as well as the initiative and openness to change varied depending on work experience and pay satisfaction. Work experience, not pay satisfaction,  proved to have an impact on the teachers’ perception of the relationship with their colleagues, whereas the perception of personal and teaching qualities did not depend on the aforementioned variables.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105-116</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hidayah Mohd Fadzil</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DESIGNING INFOGRAPHICS FOR THE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY COURSE: PERSPECTIVES OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infographic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059712.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the existing research on technology use in tertiary education, there is limited scholarly literature on the use of infographics in education or on the effective design of infographics specifically for educational settings. By employing qualitative research, the researcher attempts to explore the learners’ perception of the use of infographics. This research involved the researcher working independently on an in-class research project with 40 third-year undergraduate students. The pre-service science teachers were required to individually create an infographic related to the upper secondary school science curriculum. The findings indicated that the pre-service teachers expressed positive viewpoints about the infographics assignment. When the pre-service teachers were engaged in the learning process, they had a sense of agency and responsibility for their learning. The findings also indicated that this research created a meaningful experience for the pre-service teachers in engaging technology. This research essentially promoted innovations in teaching and learning of the course that encouraged student engagement with technology.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8-18</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melis Arzu Uyulgan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nalan Akkuzu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATIONAL SHORT VIDEOS TO UTILIZE IN THE BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY: OPINIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biochemistry laboratory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational short video</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509255.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to reveal the opinions of the university students who conducted original educational videos context for the experiments in the Biochemistry laboratory course. Participants were fourth year students (N=40) of the Mathematics and Science Education Department, in Chemistry Education Program. A case study was used and carried out during the Spring term of 2014 at the Faculty of Education of Dokuz Eylul University in Izmir, Turkey. The students designed and took participation in educational short videos. Besides, each group students prepared poster presentations of their video at the end of the 14-week implementation process. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. The interview results of the research showed that learning was more meaningful and valid through this laboratory course because the students attended the course with interest and favor and motivated positively. Eventually, the educational short videos can be a powerful convincing learning tool for students. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">496-523</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regina Soobard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helen Semilarski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GRADE 12 STUDENTS’ PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY TOWARDS WORKING LIFE SKILLS AND CURRICULUM CONTENT PROMOTED THROUGH SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">core ideas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science curriculum topics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">working life skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418472.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was based on the concern that students didn’t see the need for the acquisition of science skills and knowledge perceived as important in relation to different society issues and the world of work. The aim was to determine gymnasium students perceived self-efficacy towards working life skills as well as science curriculum, content-related topics. The sample was composed of grade 12 (N=1375) 18-19-year-old students. Data were obtained using a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire seeking to determine students’ perceived self-efficacy towards working life skills and topics in the science curriculum linked to disciplinary core ideas. In general, students perceived their self-efficacy to be above average towards most needed working life skills. However, it was much lower in areas related to problem-solving skills and understanding the nature of science. Results also indicated that the self-efficacy associated with purely Physics curriculum-related topics stood out as being much lower than for the other school science subject areas. Findings suggested there was a need to re-thinking the way science content was presented to students and to consider whether and how this could be restructured around core ideas in science in order to promote the development of problem-solving skills as an important aspect in enhancing working life skills. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">838-850</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilge Can</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asiye Bahtiyar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasret Kökten</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERMENEUTIC PERSPECTIVES OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ABOUT SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hermeneutical perspective</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hermeneutics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-Service Science Teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scenario-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418221.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education emphasizes the development of individuals' ability to make comments, reasoning, and critical reflection while expressing their scientific thoughts. In this sense, future science teachers have great responsibility to develop those skills of the learners and their meaningful learning. Many researches emphasize hermeneutical thinking for disciplines such as mathematics and science to create meaningful learning. The current research aimed to reveal pre-service science teachers’ hermeneutical perspectives about science and to determine their existing ideas. For this aim, scientific problems presented to pre-service science teachers via scenarios, and how they developed their approaches to solve these problems, and whether they used hermeneutics in this process were examined. The hermeneutical perspectives of pre-service teachers were selected as a single case -by using qualitative research method- to have a deep understanding of their hermeneutical perspectives. The research group consisted of nine third-year-students. Semi-structured interviews prepared by the researchers were applied before and after the intervention in the research conducted for 14 weeks in Science Teaching Laboratory Applications-I course. The data were analysed by a descriptive analysis method. It has been evidenced that science-related hermeneutical perspectives of the pre-service science teachers have developed as a result of the problem-based scenario studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">778-799</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Ugras</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HEURISTIC REASONING OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS IN CHEMISTRY TOPICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intuitive judgments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527782.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present research is to explain how the heuristics utilized by the students in a multiple choice examination on the general chemistry subject of “chemical bonding theories and molecular structures” caused biases on intuitive judgment and decision making processes, using the three characteristics of associative memory (attribute substitution, fluency process and associative coherence). A mixed-methods approach, both qualitative and quantitative research methods, were used in this research. Therefore, both questionnaire and individual interview were utilized to collect data. The results of the current research demonstrated that the participants used 4 different decision making strategies. Detailed evaluation of these strategies demonstrated that most of the participants did not prefer the processes related to the use of chemical knowledge and thus, were not able to assess the target attribute. Furthermore, it was identified that most of the students’ decision making processes were dependent on one or more of these three associative memory processes. It was also determined by this research that the most dominant of these three associative memory processes is the fluency effect, since participants often prefer to use superficial features. The dependence of participants on associative memory processes caused various biases, so participants often responded incorrectly to questions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">343-356</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERCULTURAL LEARNING: CHALLENGES FOR CURRENT SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">communicative environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intercultural teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708323.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the time of curricular reforms across the Europe another chance appeared towards increasing learners´ interest in science education, particularly in relation to the future job selection in the field of natural sciences and technology. 
New challenge penetrating through all above mentioned “ways” and “problems” of science education is intercultural aspect, intercultural teaching and learning in science education. 
In the educational reality we can find recently different contributions to implementation of intercultural context into curriculum, but maths and science education is not frequently included. The ambience to fill this gap has the current project from framework Erasmus+ with acronym IncluSMe. The acronym means “Intercultural Learning in Mathematics and Science Initial Teacher Education” and project activities focus on increasing the quality of the initial teacher’s education of prospective mathematics and science teachers by including intercultural learning into their curricula: Prospective mathematics and science teachers need to learn how to cope with language barriers, culturally different pre-concepts about science and highly varying proficiencies of students (immigrants including) to be prepared to tackle the challenges of their future profession (IncluSMe Project, 2016).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">532-534</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgios Tsaparlis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ORGANIZING AND ATTENDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative projects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international conferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544775774.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conferences, and especially international conferences, have become an integral part of a scientist’s activities. The attendees are, as a rule, academics and their graduate students, with the latter usually accompanying their supervisors. In addition to recent graduates undertaking full-time research, the term graduate student can also apply to part-time research students, including teachers who often adopt an action research approach, using their own classes as the focus of their studies. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">912-917</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunsang Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY STUDENTS' STEREOTYPIC IMAGE OF INVENTOR IN KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invention education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inventor images</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527246.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research is to compare the previous stereotypes of the scientist image and the current stereotypes of the inventor image among Korean students. For this purpose, three primary schools located in the metropolitan area of Korea were selected under a convenience sampling method, with one class selected for each of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th grades of each school. 
The conclusions of this research are as follows. First, analyzing students' stereotypes of the inventor image showed that older students had more stereotypes about inventors than younger students did. Second, as a result of analyzing the images according to each indicator, Korean students were found to have stereotypes about the inventor. Third, the symbol of research was expressed together with one of the science-related experiment tool and the making-related experiment tool. Fourth, primary students perceived the inventor as mainly male. Male students mostly drew male inventors and female students mostly drew female inventors.
Based on the conclusions obtained through this research, various educational implications to be reflected in primary technology education were suggested to escape the stereotypes of the inventor’s image.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">252-266</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">André Du Plessis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS AND AT TERTIARY LEVEL: STATUS QUO OR EMBRACING CHANGE?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social justice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tertiary system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523526498.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Society is changing as the influence of technologies and the implementation of innovative practices are driving change. Change and innovation are not simple processes for all (Rogers, 2003). Yet, companies, corporates and small business are managed and lead to ensure not only efficiency, but also to yield the best possible financial gain. When one analises change in the world of commerce, one does not have to be a rocket scientist to come to the conclusion that there have been tremendous changes. Not only has the ergonomics of buildings and factories changed, there has also been change pertaining to the number of people employed, as technologies afford opportunities to make certain positions that people occupied, redundant. Robotic tools are used more and more in the manufacturing chain to increase productivity and to ensure greater quality, or so we are informed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">184-186</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirjam Burget</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emanuele Bardone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margus Pedaste</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrin Saage</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE EMERGENCE OF RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abductive content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">responsibility as care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responsible Research and Innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708724.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has recently gained wider importance in the European Union (EU) as an emergent framework informing the governance of science. While a growing body of literature describing RRI and its main conceptual dimensions has appeared in the last seven years or so and in several policy documents, the European Commission has emphasized the need to promote science education in the RRI context, there is no theoretical elaboration of how RRI can be meaningfully integrated into the practice of science education. In order to address this problem, the present research aimed at inquiring into the way in which science teachers make sense of RRI in school. Data were gathered with individual semi-structured interviews from 29 science teachers working in comprehensive schools and hobby schools. Abductive content analysis combining data and conceptual dimensions of RRI was used. In the light of how the science teachers in our sample have made sense of RRI, four theoretical categories have emerged: (1) meaning making; (2) taking action; (3) exploring; and (4) inclusion. These findings have important implications for developing a theory of RRI which can be beneficial for researchers as well as teachers for meaningfully integrating RRI into science education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">590-604</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHILDHOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION: STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empiricist approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-cognitive approaches</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching applications</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963588.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The last twenty-five years have seen an increase in the development of an area of educational research and implementation which is known internationally as Early Childhood Science Education. In fact, this is a broad framework within which different theoretical trends coexist with corresponding research orientations and fields of teaching applications. These trends converge in an effort to study the mechanisms of initiation of children aged 4-8 years into the properties of the materials and objects and into the phenomena and concepts of Natural Sciences. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">284-288</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Bakırcı</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer Çalık</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salih   Çepni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF THE COMMON KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION MODEL-ORIENTED EDUCATION ON SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON THE NATURE OF SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5Es learning model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CKCM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light and sound topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049602.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present research was to explore the effect of the Common Knowledge Construction Model (CKCM)-oriented education on sixth grade students' views on the Nature of Science (NOS) and to compare it with the existing learning model (5Es learning model). The research was conducted with a total of 76 students (38 by 38--for experimental and control groups) in 2013-2014 school year. Within a quasi-experimental research design, the Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire (VNOS) and the Student Interview on the Nature of Science Aspects (SINOSA) were used for data collection. Quantitative data from the VNOS were exposed to independent t-test while qualitative data from the interview protocol were analyzed using content analysis. Results of pre-test and pre-interview denoted that both groups properly constructed ‘empirical’ aspect of the NOS while the other aspects of the NOS were naïve and transitional levels. After the intervention, it was found that the control group’s views of the NOS, except for the empirical aspect, were transitional level whilst those of the experimental group were informed level. Further, it was elicited that the experimental group performed the highest change in ‘imaginary and creative’ aspect of the NOS. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-55</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELLING IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION: THE WAY TO GET THE BETTER RESULTS IN REAL THROUGH THE USE OF AN IDEALIZED UNDERSTANDING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computational modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theoretical investigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ways of reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049329.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The initial period of Science was almost completely empirical. Both Science itself and Science Education were based on the experiment. Then Science gained the new paradigm which was rather formal by nature and fundamental in methodological meaning. Still the tool for interconversion between the empiric and theoretical moieties seems to be the core point of the consideration and can be associated with the problem of modeling, which is one of the most important in modern Science. Earlier we postulated (Lakhvich, Kostareva, Lehankova, 2009; Lakhvich, 2010) that adequate modelling and visualization in particular is to be the core element for the modern Educational model and paradigm for Science. A great number of publications, devoting to the problem, confirm dramatically its relevance. Still the discussion in many aspects manifested the initial stage of the recognition, models mostly being discussed in terms of object recognition and computational modeling. We consider the category of modelling is more comprehensive and can be discussed in various aspects, some of them are all-pervading philosophy principle (Harnad, 1987), psychological tool for cognition (Lakhvich, Kostareva, Lehankova, 2009) and finally the model having for Science its own complex structure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrid von Albedyll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa Vogt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daniel Dreesmann</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUCH MORE THAN OLD WINE IN NEW SKINS: STUDENTS’ AND ADULTS’ KNOWLEDGE ON GRAPEVINE AND VINEYARDS AS A STARTING POINT FOR NEW TOPICS IN SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">botany and viticulture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge on grapevine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainability education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905462.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young people continually lose contact to their natural surroundings and agriculture. As school is one of young people’s main source of knowledge it should bring students and nature back together, by using agricultural examples. This research examines German students’ and adults’ knowledge on plant biological basics and viticulture choosing grapevine as an agricultural example of plants. It was undertaken as a paper-and-pencil test with participants of different ages and from different educational backgrounds. The results reveal the weaknesses of participants’ knowledge concerning botanical as well as viticultural aspects. Additionally, the results show a positive correlation between their age and their knowledge on viticulture. Thus, it shows the chance given by developing new teaching material meeting curriculum requirements, modern didactical approaches and the attempt of reconnecting young people with their agricultural surroundings. By using the example of grapevine a local and culturally important agricultural plant is chosen as a representative of different phenomena of botany as well as steps of food processing.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">612-624</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC EPONYM IN EDUCATIONAL UNIVERSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational Universes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge elements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific eponyms</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497155947.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strictly speaking, knowledge for every object in educational Universe is limited by ignorance or, in other words, these two components co-exist. However, pedagogy primarily deals with knowledge, its acquisition and retention. It ignores the ignorance, leaving it as a subject for a more generic science of psychology. Similarly, atomic nuclei in real Universe are a subject for a more generic science of physics, being only slightly studied in chemistry. To research on knowledge is by far easier than on ignorance, same as chemical research involving mere electron shells is easier than physical research targeting atomic nuclei.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144-147</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunsang Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dongkuk Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">META-ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INVENTION EDUCATION IN SOUTH KOREA: CREATIVITY, ATTITUDE, AND TENDENCY FOR PROBLEM SOLVING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invention education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481286024.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to synthesize the research findings on the effects of K-12 invention education regarding creativity, attitudes toward invention, attitudes toward science, and tendency for technological problem solving in South Korea. Meta-analyses were conducted by calculating the effect size of 37 studies, including theses and journal papers associated with the implementation of invention education, published in South Korea. The overall effect size was medium (0.694), and invention education was found to have an effect on education. The effect sizes determined by the dependent variables and the categorical variables indicated that invention education had a positive impact. In other words, invention programs have helped improve K-12 students’ creativity, attitudes toward science, and tendency for technological problem solving. However, the number of program sessions and participants in invention programs did not have an impact on the benefits of invention education. Considering the effects of invention education on the students’ perspectives, this study could be helpful to both K-12 educational researchers and practitioners in the fields of science and technology education. Further studies are needed to develop the concrete instructional strategies of invention education for K-12 science and technology classrooms.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48–57</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yasemin Ozdem-Yilmaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEDAGOGICALLY DESIRABLE SCIENCE EDUCATION: VIEWS ON INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delphi method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482424083.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to investigate the aspects of science education, which are pedagogically desirable for the individual in the society of 21st century. The research was conducted by Curricular Delphi Study method in three rounds with international comparisons. In the first round, an open-ended survey was used, and in the next two rounds the instrument was structured to answer the refined research questions of the study, such as the priorities and practices towards the inquiry-based science education. The paper reports on the findings of a survey collected from 125 stakeholders of science education, including scientists, science educators, and education administrators from Turkey. In the results of the differentiated analyses according to the sample groups, all stakeholders emphasize the role of science education in the survival of a country. They all put a great emphasis on the curriculum. The stakeholders emphasized the significance of engagement with the interdisciplinary relations of the sciences, their findings and their perspectives with regard to their role in enhancing individual intellectual personality development. It is suggested that scientific inquiry includes the ability to consolidate the inquiry processes with scientific knowledge, scientific reasoning and critical thinking to advance scientific knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">506–522</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">QUESTION FOR CURRENT SCIENCE EDUCATION: VIRTUAL OR REAL?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">future career</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science curricula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916626.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The feasible real experiments should not be in any way eliminated from school laboratory practice. This is the permanent starting point of all approaches to natural science curricula, and it is still in force. The real living environment makes us face more and more items of the virtual environment, worlds, mediated by infinite possibilities of computer networks. The mediated perception through virtual images has become (thanks to the massive spread of information technologies) the major cognitive channel of school age pupils. Direct utilization of information from an objectively existing reality is steadily superseded and replaced by virtual information. Six years ago we asked on the first pages of JBSE Nr. 1 (Bilek, 2010): How to blend an effective and meaningful application of real, indirect and simulative observation, measuring and experimenting according to didactic principles? Do we have to answer now or do we know directions where can we find the answer?</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136–139</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raffaele Pisano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUNNING DETAILS ON THE TWO MOVEMENTS IN THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND IDEAS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">medieval theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">planetary movements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502576.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A long tradition concerning the causes of the planetary movements existed as to the movements on the earth: the so called problem de motu locali. Starting from late middle Ages many criticisms were carried out against the Aristotelian doctrine of natural and violent motions. A well accredited and historically coherent theory to explain the movement and the change of movement was the medieval theory of impetus substantially developed by Jean Buridan (ca. 1300–ca. 1360) and by Nicolas d’Oresme (1320? 1325?–1382) on the basis of ideas that came back to John Philoponus (490–570). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">660–661 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCHOLA LUDUS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational approaches</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamification of learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482501959.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The virtual reality, artificial intelligence and gamification have the potential to complement existing educational approaches to science education, instruction and students' knowledge construction. By students becoming part of a phenomenon, they gain direct experiential intuitions about how the natural world operates. In a virtual reality environment, students themselves can be moving, cantering their attention on different phenomena and designers can heighten this saliency by using multisensory cues to convey multiple, simultaneous representations of relative problems as a serious mind game. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">556–558</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOME CRUCIAL AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION RESEARCH CORRESPONDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innovative societies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285769.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innovative societies need people who are equipped with scientific and technological competences e.g. are scientifically literate. Being scientifically literate encompasses a large set of competences, many beyond those which are directly linked with exhibiting acquired scientific knowledge. While PISA studies mainly give a comparison of students’ science knowledge, thinking and process skills, the assessment is not so much about the skills needed in the workplace or functioning in society as a responsible citizen. This suggests there is a need for further comparative studies to cover this deficit. Such kind of research is essential directed to those countries which have shown high results in PISA studies (e.g. Estonia) in order to interpret PISA results more widely in new contexts. This is especially highlighted by recent findings from research carried out among a representative sample of Estonian gymnasium students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4–6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYSTEMS THEORY OF SYSTEMS THINKING: GENERAL AND PARTICULAR WITHIN MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">practical life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systems approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systems thinking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423498.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Following the concept of human as spiritual alive body, human thinking is spiritual activity of our brain – brainwork. Today we accept that thinking means processing of information what is important for management of human body life. Studying organization of human brainwork, people have discovered that all our thoughts and thinking activities are interconnected and form definite hierarchic structures. Humans reflect world as a set or network of diverse phenomena by building corresponding theories or models of observed phenomena. In other words, all phenomena in human world of thoughts are reflected as SYSTEMS, which are organizational units of Systems Thinking. Every system contains their interconnected parts and as a whole is a part of surrounding medium, made from other systems. Such hierarchic integral understanding and comprehension of human brainwork today has become the basic value of Systems Theory as theory of Systems Thinking. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">408-410</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erol Çil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Uğraş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONCEPT OF HYBRIDIZATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SCIENCE TEACHING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Description Category</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430977.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The hybridization of carbon is an important problem of quantum chemistry. It means that atomic orbitals could mix giving hybrid orbitals. Orbitals are not physical objects; they are mathematical solutions of the Schrodinger equation. The aim of this study is to determine through phenomenographic method how Science Teaching undergraduate students comprehend &quot;hybridization&quot;. 176 students, 78 of whom are male and 98 of whom are female, participated in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire form was used in the study as data collection tool. As a result of analysis of data, it was determined that students describe hybridization in 5 different categories and 4 different ways. According to these categories: &quot;1) Hybridization is a kind of covalent bond, 2) an electronic transition between bonds, 3) an electronic transition between orbitals, 4) the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals suitable for bonding 5) a case observed as a result of interaction between particles. Among the categories, the one &quot;a mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals suitable for bonding&quot; category was at the top of the list with 69 metaphors.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227–236</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELEGANCE IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elegance in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality of knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trends in education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497727.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science is often thought of as a methodical but dull activity. However, the finest science, the breakthroughs most admired and respected by scientists themselves, are characterized by elegance. Thinking of elegance as grace, taste or refined luxury would be useless here. So what does elegance mean in the context of science? Economy is a considerable part of it, as is creativity. An elegant mathematical proof, an elegant theory, or an elegant experiment are all, that is, economical and imaginative, and sometimes breathtakingly simple, once explained. When it comes to elegance, however, what do we mean? What does the word elegance truly designate? It comes from the Latin elegantia, &quot;taste, propriety, or refinement.&quot; Elegance is usually a synonym for beauty and has acquired the additional connotations of unusual effectiveness and simplicity. The word is frequently used as a standard of tastefulness, particularly in the areas of visual design, decoration, the sciences and the aesthetics of mathematics. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">420–423 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NEW CHALLENGE BY THE EUROPEAN UNION HAS ALREADY STARTED: RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horizon 2020</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">responsible research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific improvement process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479496676.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It has been revealed by The Directorate-General for Research and Innovation of the European Union that scientific studies and their outcomes, carried out within the last 15 years, haven't been adequately shared within the society. In this context, the search for project applications, reviewing efficient communication strategies between European citizens and science was initiated by the European Union’s Science and Society action plan in 2001. The European Union further developed action plans, under its FP7 program which began in 2007, with a view to increasing participation within society and to enhance two-way dialogues and larger interactions through actualizing Science in Society’s action. Since 2010, a new concept has been developed, addressing factors playing an actual role in social changes and contributing to the scientific improvement process. This has been called: Responsible Research and Innovation. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289-290</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glykeria Fragkiadaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CLOUDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pupils’ representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473431297.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children construct representations of concepts and physical phenomena and these representations are critical to education. The natural phenomenon of clouds is perceivable and also observable by young children in everyday life. Moreover, it is a subject approached by the early childhood science education curriculums. However, in several studies it is noticed that the related children’s representations are often incompatible with the scientific model, mainly because of its character, which is macroscopic and not immediately observable. In this research, clouds representations framed by children aged 4.5-6 years old are studied. The sample consisted of sixteen (16) children (7 boys and 9 girls) from one public kindergarten in an urban area of Greece. Data were collected through expanded, open type conversations between children pairs and one of the researchers. The results of the qualitative analysis of the conversations show that these children use different types of representations, the majority dominated by the nature of the substance under study. The outcome of the research results indicates the potentials of preschool children to perceive clouds as autonomous natural entities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267–274</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregor Torkar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' FEAR OF SNAKES, CONSERVATION ATTITUDES, AND LIKELIHOOD OF INCORPORATING ANIMALS INTO THE FUTURE SCIENCE CURRICULUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildlife management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497504.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studying attitudes toward fauna such as snakes is essential in wildlife management. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact that fear of snakes has on Slovenian pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards conservation and the likelihood of incorporating animals into developing the future science curriculum. The effect of direct experience on fear of snakes, conservation attitudes, and the likelihood of incorporating snakes into the future science curriculum were also studied. Altogether, 352 full-time and part-time students majoring in preschool education and primary school education were surveyed. The study confirmed that students’ fear of snakes negatively influenced their conservation attitudes and decreased the likelihood of incorporating snakes into the future science curriculum. Prior direct contact with snakes negatively correlated with fear of snakes, and positively with attitudes towards conservation and the likelihood of incorporating snakes into the future science curriculum. Prior direct contact with snakes also affected students’ word associations regarding snakes by reducing the frequency of some associations that emphasize the potential threat snakes pose to people.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401-410</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin Pribeanu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandru Balog</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violeta Šlekienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOCIAL CAPITAL ON FACEBOOK AS PERCEIVED BY LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facebook</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidimensional model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social capital</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908448.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rapid expansion of social networking websites (SNW) is raising several issues regarding the influence it has on the modern school. As many authors mentioned, the proliferation of social networks among university people is changing the educational processes. In order to find out how Facebook could support education, a social learning perspective is needed. In turn, this requires to measure the social capital and to analyze its educational potential. The aim of this research is to elaborate a theoretically grounded and empirically validated multi-dimensional model, measuring the social capital that is embedded in the Facebook networks of Lithuanian university students. This is a pilot research carried out between September and December, 2014. In this respect, the research limitation reveals itself; therefore, a wider theoretical and empirical research is necessary, analyzing the usage of Facebook in the university student population. The research is significant, because it is prepared and validated a multidimensional model of the bridging social capital as perceived by university students that are using Facebook. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132-141</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ján Záhorec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alena Hašková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michal Munk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TERTIARY ECONOMY AND MANAGERIAL STUDY FIELDS AND ISSUES OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AIMED AT DATABASE SYSTEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curricula innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaluation methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tertiary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479498507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Currently science education is understood not only as education in mathematics, physics and chemistry, but also as an education in informatics. To analyze the current state of informatics education within the tertiary economy and managerial study fields was the aim of the research, the purpose of which was to support curricula innovation in the relevant study programmes and to bring their content closer to the demands and needs of the labour market. An original feature of the research has been the fact that it has been based on students` points of view. The research sample consisted of students of the concerned study programmes in the Slovak and Czech Republic. The paper presents methodology of the carried out questionnaire survey and main findings related to the data recorded at items focused on database systems and technologies. The obtained data related to the respondents` opinions and the assessments of the selected learning topics taught within their study programmes and the importance of these topics for the respondents` professional career were processed according to the factors of the country, gender and field of the study. The results showed a significant dependence of the respondents` answers on their field of the study independently on their gender and the country in which they took their study.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">535–555</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasilia Christidou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anastasia Dimitriou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikos Barkas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Papadopoulou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stergios Grammenos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“YOUNG NOISE RESEARCHERS”: AN INTERVENTION TO PROMOTE NOISE AWARENESS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pupils’ noise awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479542288.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">While little is known about how young children understand noise and its environmental aspects, this topic is suggested to be included in science curricula from early years on. To investigate if and to what extent preschool children’s level of noise awareness could be improved the ‘Young Noise Researchers’ educational scenario was designed, implemented and evaluated. Research design involved a pretest-posttest procedure. Participants were 52 Greek preschool children, who attended public kindergarten classes. The scenario involved 9 activities following the principles of context-based, socio-cognitive and multimodal teaching and learning, which were implemented by the teachers of the classes in a 4-week period. Prior to and after the intervention participants engaged in individual, semi-structured interviews. The results indicated improvement in children’s noise awareness in regard to acknowledging everyday noises, understanding annoyance and subjectivity of noise, adopting negative attitudes towards noise and acknowledging its health effects. Nevertheless, their noise awareness did not significantly improve in other crucial respects. Implications for teaching involve a more systematic focus on the distinction between sound and noise, noise subjectivity, the annoyance caused by noise in daily life and the possibility of more active and preventive protection measures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">569–585 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hüseyin Eş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTS OF VEGETABLE AND FRUIT IN PRESCHOOL AND ELEMENTARY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981641.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate the way the concepts of fruit and vegetable are presented in teaching materials, used in pre-school education and in the textbooks of life sciences and science and technology courses in elementary education, in addition to the students and teachers’ knowledge and opinions related to these concepts. Qualitative research techniques were used in this study. The sample of the study comprises the students receiving education in pre-school and elementary education and the teachers serving at these levels. 258 students and 83 teachers took part in this study. A survey, which was developed by the researcher, including two forms, was administered. Teaching materials in pre-school education and course books in elementary education were also used as data sources. When the research findings are considered, it stands out that these concepts have different definitions in different fields and thus, they have no common definitions. This situation seems to have been reflected in the teaching materials used both in pre-school and elementary education. Also, it is seen that there are important differences between teachers’ opinions about these concepts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">709–725 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zehra Ozdilek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNERS’ VIEWS ABOUT USING CASE STUDY TEACHING METHOD IN AN UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981584.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study presents pre-service science teachers’ views about implementing a case study and which skills they improved as a result of using the method. Sixteen participants in a chemistry class were the subjects in the 2013 summer school term. In the teaching about the properties of chromium, students watched selected parts of the movie Erin Brockovich in four sections. Each part of the movie was followed with a question, and students were then given about 15-20 minutes to find out the answer to the question by using Internet-based resources in the classroom environment. Qualitative data were collected by having participants respond in writing to open-ended questions and through semi-structured interviews. Overall, students’ reactions to the method were positive. The results showed that students found it to be an effective instructional method, despite having some difficulties with the expectations of the method and this method has provided many benefits for pre-service teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">695–708 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OWNERSHIP AMONG SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational reforms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sense of ownership</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437061913.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is continuously changing in terms of goals, curricula and teaching methods. Such changes stem from major educational reforms and the development of new theoretical concepts related to science teaching. It has been long emphasised that the implementation of these changes in schools depends on the teachers, who need to identify with and support the innovations which are to be introduced, and to feel that change is necessary. An active involvement of teachers in the process of designing, developing and implementing innovation is one of the indicators of a sense of &quot;ownership&quot;, which in this case can be understood as identifying with the innovation, feeling as if one is its owner. This psychological state can be achieved thanks to teachers’ investment in the innovation, and has the potential to reduce resistance and create a better climate for change. Ownership can have a considerable impact on teachers' involvement in further changes, if they notice that innovation has a positive influence on the effects of their work. Ownership also has a beneficial impact on their working environment, motivating other teachers to implement the desired change and thus helping spread the change throughout the teacher community. That is why teachers' ownership is often discussed together with sensemaking and agency, which influence teachers' attitude towards innovation. The issue of developing a sense of ownership is not limited to teachers, as in today's world many professions require constant adjustment to change, and personal involvement in introducing innovation is often necessary for being efficient and successful at work. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhamad Hugerat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naim Najami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahmood Abbasi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iyad Dkeidek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE COGNITIVE ACCELERATION CURRICULUM AS A TOOL FOR OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INQUIRY SKILLS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive acceleration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523769.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many primary school pupils find it difficult to apply inquiry skills in general and variable control in particular, and fail to appreciate the importance of control groups in scientific research. The present study focused on levels of thinking among sixth-graders in the course of an open-ended inquiry activity, by following the planning and execution of an experiment, isolation and variable control, and the difficulties encountered by students in the implementation of various inquiry skills. The study population consisted of forty-four sixth-graders from a primary school in the Arab sector in Israel's Northern District. The students were divided into two groups, one that underwent a process of intervention in teaching in the form of three lessons using the CASE approach, while the other learned with the New Outlook textbook. The study's results point to a significant difference between the CASE intervention group and the New Outlook intervention group with respect to the final grade of the &quot;variable identification and connection test&quot;. An examination of the differences in student achievement between the pre- and post-test reveals an improvement in the post-test final scores among the CASE group of students, in comparison to the New Outlook group.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">523–534 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei-Zhao Shi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF PEER INTERACTIONS ON QUANTUM PHYSICS: A STUDY FROM CHINA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">peer interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantum physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758468.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that courses which include a component of interaction among peers achieve significantly higher gains in conceptual understanding. However, few of those studies have closely examined the role play in quantum physics. Unlike classical physics, the area of quantum physics has little relation to experiences of students in everyday life. This makes quantum physics very difficult to teach. In this study, Ireson’s 29 questions regarding the quantum physics conceptual understandings were developed and validated, then used in the pre- and post-test. It was found that a significant difference in the mean number of correct responses between the experiment class and the control class, through their participation in peer conversations, experiment class students achieved a stronger overall understanding of quantum physics concepts. The result is the same as the previous research in classical physics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152-158 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hülya   Demircioğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa   Dinç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer   Çalik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF STORYLINES EMBEDDED WITHIN CONTEXT-BASED LEARNING APPROACH ON GRADE 6 STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF ‘PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGE’ CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative Conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based learning approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">storylines</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810774.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative conceptions of ‘physical and chemical change’ concepts to minimize their effects on further learning should be handled at lower secondary school in� that these concepts are formally introduced at grade 6. This study aimed to investigate the effect of storylines embedded within context-based learning approach on grade 6 students’ understanding of ‘physical and chemical change’ concepts. To probe the students’ conceptions, Chemical and Physical Change Concept Questionnaire (CPCCQ) was employed as pre- and post-test. The results indicated that most of the students tended to pay more attention to ‘reversibility’ criterion in distinguishing ‘chemical change’ concept from ‘physical change’ one. Finally, it can be deduced that the storylines embedded within the context-based learning approach not only resulted in a better meaningful learning but also increased student achievement level. To give an opportunity for the students to grasp the relevance of chemistry/science to their lives, the meaning of each daily life concept should be bridged with that in a chemistry context.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">682-691</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Mutlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF USING ROUNDHOUSE DIAGRAMS ON PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF ECOSYSTEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">roundhouse diagram</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758668.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roundhouse diagram is a visual tool which helps to reveal what a student think about science topics and reflects information that students organise in their mind. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using roundhouse diagrams on prospective classroom teachers’ understanding of ecosystem, food chain, energy flow and material cycles. The roundhouse diagram was used with the experimental group (n = 44), while a traditional teaching method was employed with the control group (n = 43). Environmental Achievement Test consisting of 25 questions was administered to the 87 preservice teachers as pretest and posttest. The results indicated that the use of roundhouse diagrams significantly improved prospective classroom teachers’ understanding of ecosystem, food chain, energy flow and material cycles. In the light of the obtained results, some practical implications are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205-218 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">María Brígido</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Digna Couso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciro Gutiérrez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente Mellado</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EMOTIONS ABOUT TEACHING AND LEARNING SCIENCE: A STUDY OF PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY TEACHERS IN THREE SPANISH UNIVERSITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emotions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice primary teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808129.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A descriptive and comparative study is made of the emotions that prospective primary teachers in three Spanish universities have about teaching and learning the natural sciences, differentiating between approaches to the content of Biology/Geology and Physics/Chemistry. The study was carried out using a closed-response questionnaire which was completed by 315 primary education bachelor's degree students in the Universities of Extremadura, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and the Autónoma of Barcelona (UAB). The results showed that in their recall of their secondary education, most of the prospective teachers have positive emotions towards learning Biology/Geology and negative towards learning Physics/Chemistry. With respect to their future teaching in primary education, there predominated positive emotions towards Biology/Geology, and negative emotions towards Physics/Chemistry, except for the UAB students who reported more positive emotions than negative in this latter case. There was an increase of positive emotions in their expectations of their future teaching of all the science content, and a marked decrease in the negative emotions, relative to the emotions that they had experienced as students of these subjects in secondary school.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">299-311</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Isabel Runnel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margus Pedaste</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Äli Leijen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODEL FOR GUIDING REFLECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidance of reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-enhanced learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757877.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Only a limited number of studies have focused on guiding students’ reflection in the context of inquiry learning in science education. In this study, a review of literature about reflection, reflection skills, and reflection levels was conducted in order to develop a new model for guided reflection in the context of science education using the advantages of technology-enhanced learning. The outcomes of the literature review suggest that in the context of science education reflection should be seen as a metacognitive activity that supports the integration of theory and one’s own experiences to learn from experience. It contains active reviewing and conceptualization of regulative and inquiry activities. The main activities of reflection in this context are describing, justifying, evaluating, and discussing. According to the theoretical model, describing can be guided by writing a diary or narrative, justifying by explanation guidance, or evaluating and discussing by role play. Guiding questions can be applied in supporting all activities of reflection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107-118 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandru Balog</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin Pribeanu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violeta Šlekienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES AS PERCEIVED BY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social networking websites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rapid expansion of social networking websites is raising several issues regarding the influence on the individual and social behavior of users. It is without doubt, that social networking websites are a phenomenon of a contemporary society, which has to be explored in various aspects. It is only because SNW are becoming more and more important for the whole society, especially for the youth, after all, they undoubtedly change the world. Their penetration is observed in various society life spheres. Education is not an exception. It can be stated, that SNW change educational processes. However, the main question is: how change? Can they harm, or maybe on the contrary – help in terms of education. Having carried out empiric research, a hierarchical and multidimensional measurement model was developed to explore the negative effects of these websites. The model has been tested on one sample and cross validated on another sample. It has been stated, that SNW negative effects is a multidimensional construct, having several facets that describe distinct aspects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">378-388 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IMPORTANCE IN ADOLESCENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adolescence period</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mature personality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific cognition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808911.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In any case, the teacher solves the whole lot of dilemmas and contradictions. Pupils are always different, individual. Teenagers’ individualism is very much expressed. Some of them are getting interested and are interested in a concrete activity, while the others are waiting and can’t wait for the end of the activity. It is obvious, that natural education in adolescence is, as a matter of fact, situational, integral and flexible. The main factors leading to teacher’s success are creativity, skillfullness and erudition. Natural science importance is indubitable. Research studies of the last few decades confirm such position. Science education has been frequently accepted as an inseparable and extremely important part of comprehensive schooling (Lamanauskas, 2008). By natural education we seek personality maturity in a wider sense. It would seem that everything is said concerning this question. However, it is not so. Rapid spread of scientific cognition inevitably raises new challenges for natural education, induces to re-evaluate generally used education strategies and methodologies. There is a rapid development of ICT; their penetration into educational environments is really intensive, though not always adequate to the raising educational goals. On the other hand, our understanding about human brain activity and possibilities is extending. Generally speaking, neuroscience opens new opportunities for people. Even though it is firstly connected with treatment, new treatment methods, on the other hand, the achievements in this field have a great influence on education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">396-398 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İsa   Deveci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İsmail   Önder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salih   Çepni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PARENTS’ VIEWS REGARDING HOMEWORKS GIVEN IN SCIENCE COURSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">homework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opinions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809498.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to explore parents’ opinions about homework assignments given in science and technology courses. The sample of the study was composed of 764 parents who reside in the city of Osmaniye in Turkey. The data were collected by a “Parent Homework Scale” developed by the researcher. The instrument includes three subscales; function, attitude and behavior. U-Test and H-Test were employed to identify any difference among variables. The findings showed that there was no significant difference in parents’ scores on attitude and behavior subscales of the instrument regarding gender, educational background, occupation, and average monthly income. When function subscales scores were investigated according to gender educational background, occupation, average monthly income, it was observed that civil servants in occupational category had lower function scores than self-employed, farmer, worker, artisan, and retired. It was found that university graduates in level of education category had lower function scores than primary school graduates, secondary school graduates, and high school graduates. It was also found that high income in the monthly income group had lower function scores than other members in each related group.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">497-508 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Demkanin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREPARATION OF NEW PHYSICS TEACHERS FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757465.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is no doubt, that preparation of new teachers significantly influences many aspects of education. Most of us, readers of this Journal, are involved in preparation of new science teachers. My group focuses on physics teachers for secondary school level and this is the main perspective of this reflection.
Many of us work with transformative model of the knowledge base for teaching and with the concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (Magnusson, Krajcik &amp; Borko, 1999). We highlight five components of PCK: orientation toward science teaching; knowledge (and beliefs) about science curriculum; knowledge (and beliefs) about students’ understanding of science topics; knowledge (and beliefs) about assessment in science; and knowledge (and beliefs) about instructional strategies for teaching science. Let’s look at them from the perspective of pre-service teacher trainer.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A READING CURRICULUM FOR THE HOMO ZAPPIENS GENERATION: NEW CHALLENGES, NEW GOALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comprehension strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757826.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new model for a 21st century reading curriculum (RC), needed as a consequence of the changes made by new technologies on human brains in the last two decades, will be presented. Cognitive science warns that some of these changes can seriously threaten the science learning process in school. This of course has implications for the educational system – including, perhaps primarily, the RC. A RC for the “Homo zappiens” (HZ) generation should comprise of two kinds of reading competences: informative and explicatory reading/learning texts strategies (=off-line reading competence); ICT reading/learning strategies (= on-line reading competence). Both of these are essential for reading, especially for reading both types of natural science texts: those on the screen and those on the paper -in the natural science textbook and in the secondary science literature. The results of the meta-analysis, which was used to examine the basis for implementing a reading curriculum for Homo zappiens by natural science teachers in the near future, are an important part of our research. The question is crucial and relevant because research has proven a strong connection between reading competence, reading comprehension and learning success generally, particularly in a science field. The results have shown a strong absence of interest among natural science teachers regarding reading competence for comprehension of science texts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92-106</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdelkader Anakkar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEMANTIC DIFFICULTIES IN SCIENCE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">linguistic difficulties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical difficulties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific activity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523179.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Generally speaking, a scientific activity consists in observing phenomena of nature, quantifying the observations, measurements &amp; modelling data, eventual theory would be birth. Each of these steps is based on a vocabulary, more or less specific to the relevant discipline, and depends on a critical way, and making use of oral-and-written scientific expressions; partially within natural language. Nevertheless, if some scientific words correspond, generally speaking, to words used in the daily life-natural language (for example weights, force, energy, work, heat etc.), it does not mean scientific concepts are discussed: i.e., reputedly difficult such as entropy, the total change in entropy or entropy production, etc. How can we make a sense of these semantic difficulties? </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">444–447 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erika Homoki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">László Sütő</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDYING THE PUBLIC OPINION OF GEOGRAPHY AS A SUBJECT AND ITS KNOWLEDGE ELEMENTS: A CASE OF HUNGARY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education of geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge of geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523549.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the long history of the science of geography, its current educational position is uncertain. Meanwhile, it offers knowledge elements useful in everyday life, required for literacy in natural sciences. The subject is unique in giving information necessary for orientation in the social-economic field and reveals the relationship between the society and the environment. In Hungary the public educational requirements for a subject include the incorporation of social scientific results or the transfer of integrated knowledge founding such results. This requirement is met fully in the curriculum of geography, however, continuously decreasing the number of lessons reduces its efficiency. The questionnaire survey covering 1218 respondents focuses on the position of geography as a subject in public education and on the opinion regarding the knowledge it provides and assesses the depth of geography people have from what they learnt in school.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">508–522 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutlu Pinar Demirci Guler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY ON TURKISH STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">focus group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science courses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811217.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to investigate primary school students' success and failure in science courses. The participants of the study included 24 students enrolled in the 8th grade of a secondary school and focus group interviews were held. It was observed in the study that the successful students focused more on science and mathematics classes, while the unsuccessful students did more on verbal classes. Considering the topics the successful group considered related to the science class, the students in the successful group focused on the knowledge that made their life easier and that they could use in their life, while the unsuccessful group paid more attention to the importance of the topic. Moreover, it was observed that both groups used similar learning strategies. According to the findings of the study, it can be claimed that the interest and the support of the family and social environment play an important role in success in science class. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">716-729</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celeste   Ferreira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mónica   Baptista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnaldo Arroio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATING MULTIMEDIA TOOLS IN SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809563.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since the widespread introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education the use of multimedia environments has increased substantially. This qualitative study analyse how teachers integrate multimedia tools into teaching and learning sequences (TLS) in science education. Four in-service teachers’ groups have been investigated across a 40 h teachers’ training course to analyse their pedagogical strategies and difficulties for introducing multimedia tools in science teaching. During the training program to discuss multimedia environments teachers (n=14) were invited to build teaching learning sequences (TLS) about some science content using multimedia tools. The results obtained through a content analysis suggest that these teachers are integrating multimedia tools mostly to enhance particular concepts and skills (integrated approach) than to innovate presentations (enhancement approach). In all cases teachers adopted structured tasks and in two of these they were not aware of the necessity to make explicit links between the multimedia tools and the other activities. Some difficulties related to pedagogical approaches and teachers’ knowledge are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">509-524 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USEFULNESS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL LEARNING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formal education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">out-of-school learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758324.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Out-of-school learning has been playing an increasingly important role in science education. It can be implemented in various ways and encompasses learning activities that take place outside normal lessons reserved for compulsory education. This form of education is typically not coordinated by the school itself and young people take part in it voluntarily. It resembles “outdoor education”, which is, however, more closely linked with meeting aims stemming from formal education. Since the learning activities used in both forms of education are similar, very often solutions and experiences in one form are transferred to the other.
One of the many advantages of out-of-school learning is the fact that is helps increase students’ interest in education by creating extra learning opportunities in the real world. It also makes it possible to discover gifted pupils and develop their talents. However, there is a major issue that needs to be investigated, which is how out-of-school learning influence students’ future actions and decisions concerning science education, bearing in mind that this form of education cannot replace formal education and can only support it. That is why scholars are conducting research with the aim of determining the impact of out-of-school activities on improving the learning of science, especially on outcomes such as achievement, interest in science, careers in science, self-efficacy, perseverance, and effort in learning science (Tran, 2011).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128-129</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saed   Sabah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hind   Hammouri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutasem   Akour</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALIDATION OF A SCALE OF ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE ACROSS COUNTRIES USING RASCH MODEL: FINDINGS FROM TIMSS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810820.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to validate a scale of attitudes toward science based on items and data of TIMSS 2007. The present research introduces several implications and recommendations for science education researchers who are interested in validating and using instruments to measure attitudes toward science. This research examined, from Rasch measurement perspectives, to what extent the scale was valid across diverse participating countries from Rasch measurement perspectives. The data of the highest three achieving countries (Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan), the lowest three achieving countries (Qatar, Botswana, and Ghana), and three average achieving countries (Australia, Scotland, and Italy) were analyzed using WINSTEPS software. Several Rasch analyses (e.g, fit statistics, PCA, and person/item map reliability analysis) were performed to validate the scale. Although most of the item fit the Rasch model, a few items were found to be misfitting. Then, the misfitting items were eliminated and a second analysis for the fitting eight items was performed to check on the validity of the scale. The results provided evidences that support the validity of the scale based on Rasch measurement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">692-702</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei-Zhao Shi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENDER, PERCEPTION OF LEARNING PHYSICS AND PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITY PHYSICS: A CASE STUDY FROM CHINA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perception of learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168380.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, the researcher has developed and validated an instrument focus on perception of learning physics, which builds on Maryland Physics Expectations survey (MPEX). It was administered to first-year university students in a Chinese university during the autumn semester of 2011. It was found that female students preferred physics learning by relating and by analysis, which were positively correlated to better performance in physics. Male students preferred physics learning by rote which was negatively correlated to performance in university physics. So physics learning perception differences based on the gender also exist in China. At the same time, no significant gender difference found on the performance in university physics. The results were similar to the studies in the Western countries and have pedagogical implications for instructors of university physics and potentially for other science courses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267-274 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün Tatar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE LABORATORIES: AN ANALYSIS OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT LEARNING SCIENCE THROUGH INQUIRY AND THEIR PERFORMANCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">open inquiry activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168329.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigated the effects of inquiry-based instruction on preservice teachers’ beliefs concerning learning science through inquiry and their performance to apply a scientific inquiry process. A case study design was used in the study and the data were collected through interviews, observations and written documents. Two preservice teachers with different experiences in their previous science education were selected. The preservice teachers learnt both science and scientific inquiry process through open inquiry activities. The results of the research show that past experiences of preservice teachers are effective on beliefs about learning science through inquiry. The open inquiry science activities which allow preservice teachers’ making discussion, collaboration, and interaction were effective in developing their beliefs concerning learning science through inquiry and increasing their ability to apply a scientific inquiry process. The overall findings indicate that inquiry-based activities should frequently be a preferred instruction method in preservice teacher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">248-266 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maija Nousiainen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAKING CONCEPT MAPS USEFUL FOR PHYSICS TEACHER EDUCATION: ANALYSIS OF EPISTEMIC CONTENT OF LINKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166729.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In physics teacher education the use of graphical knowledge representation tools like concept maps are abundantly used because they are known to support the formation of organised knowledge. It is widely assumed that certain structural characteristics of concept maps can be connected to the usefulness of content. In order to study this relationship, the concept maps made by pre-service physics teachers are examined here. The design principles of the concept maps are based on quantitative experiments and modelling as the basic procedures in physics concept formation. The epistemic plausibility of justifications written in links is evaluated by using a four-level classification introduced here. The results show that the epistemic analysis of links affects remarkably to the acceptability of knowledge. The advantages of such concept mapping technique in supporting the conceptual understanding in physics teacher education are discussed as well as their usefulness in making plans for teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-42 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE MEANING OF AND NEED FOR “INQUIRY BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION (IBSE)”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific thinking skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is clear from many studies that European students’ interest in science, mathematics and technology has been declining while their grade levels have increased. Another alarming issue for Europe is recruitment of students for science and technology related careers. According to the ROSE Project results, extremely few girls wish to become scientists, and even for boys the percentage is low. And in Europe, around 50% of boys gave a positive response to the question: “I would like to get a job in technology”, but very few girls indicated that they would like to pursue such a career option (Sjoberg and Schreiner, 2010). These kinds of results from project reports highlight the urgent need for more effective action on the teaching and learning of science in schools. 
According to a report published by the European Commission, the science education community mostly agrees that pedagogical practices based on inquiry-based methods are more effective for the teaching and learning of science. However, the reality of classroom practice is that in the majority of European countries, these methods are only being implemented by relatively few teachers (Rocard et al, 2007). The report continues to explain the advantages of inquiry based science education (IBSE) and the recommendations clearly promote the use of IBSE for the teaching and learning of science in Europe.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şafak Uluçınar Sağır</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE AND ANXIETY TOWARDS SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anxiety towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167461.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, the relationships between the attitudes and anxieties of 6th, 7th and 8th grade students about science have been examined. The data have been gathered from a personal data form, anxiety towards science and attitude towards science questionnaires. The effects of such factors, as obtaining assistance with science and technology from outside the classroom, age, gender, class level, school-type variables have been investigated according to their impact on the attitudes and perceptions of the students towards science, and on their anxiety towards science. It has been found that when the students received science-related assistance, it caused significant differences in their attitudes toward science and related anxieties, yet there was no significant difference in terms of gender. Moreover, school-type and class level affect students' attitudes and anxieties towards science. It is believed that increasing the positive science attitudes of the students and decreasing their anxiety will improve success.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127-140 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A PROBLEM OF SCIENCE LITERACY ENCOUNTERED BY PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND LEARNERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168819.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is one of the key areas of general education in comprehensive school (Lamanauskas, 2009). The major argument for defining the relevancy of the introduced subject is the universality and integrity of science education. For the last two decades, particularly this field of education has faced a number of different changes in the majority of countries: variations in the content of education, search for efficient forms and methods of teaching, innovative approaches, etc. are only a few questions that must be properly discussed.
Thus, to meet the needs of all students and society, in terms of science education (competencies), the system of training/preparing science teachers, particularly that of primary school teachers (educational curricula, organization and content of pedagogical practice, etc.), must be upgraded. The evaluation of a number of parameters discloses that the science literacy of primary school teachers is not sufficient (for example, teachers frequently avoid trips to nature because have a poor knowledge of local natural area, have no skills at using special instruments, etc.).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-301 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnaldo Arroio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VISUALIZATIONS FOR NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visualization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167360.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motivation, to be successful, and Natural Science Education is no exception in this context should have to rely on a rich repertoire of experiences on which to build conceptual learning by students. These experiences could pave the way to making meaning of them, which in turn supports learning. It also helps to entertain, create or re-create a sense of wonder, which becomes an authentic incentive for learning.
Nowadays, we can consider the visualization aids and high performance computing have changed the nature of science research and have the promise to transform natural science instruction. As the amount of information acquired through visual tool multiplies, the ability to understand, evaluate, and produce visual representations have become increasingly important in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112-114 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIFFERENT WAYS OF DESCRIBING EXPECTED STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning outcomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The best way of describing what and how a teacher should teach science or what a student should learn in a national level curriculum is not self-evident. Descriptions of “learning outcomes” are increasingly used and have been considered as an important basis for the quality of science education. However, there are variations in the descriptions and also whether they are written as a form of teacher behaviour or as a form of student learning. For example, in the UK the descriptions in the beginning of 1990 in the National Curriculum were written in the form of what students should learn. But the policy has changed and the new curriculum will describe what topics a teacher should introduce to students.
In Europe, the Bologna Process has put the focus on learning outcomes in terms of this concept being a “common language” to describe the curricula in countries throughout the world. The general idea behind transforming the educational aims into the form of learning outcomes is to enhance transparency and accountability of learning outcomes, and to increase the quality of learning. Moreover, the description of learning outcomes of a learning sequence is assumed to enable learners to have an active role in the learning process alongside their teachers. Learning outcomes are typically described in a way they could be used or modified for assessment criteria and for designing items for national level external examinations. Therefore, use of learning outcomes has a direct link to teacher and national level assessment.
Several countries, like the UK, Germany and Finland, are preparing or are planning to prepare in the near future national level curricula. It will be interesting to follow how different demands, like quality assurance, EU harmonising policy, research on teaching, learning and assessment, are realised in 2010 or 2020 curricula.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrik Jeppsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesper Haglund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helge Strömdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLOITING LANGUAGE IN TEACHING OF ENTROPY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entropy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metaphor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermodynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173307.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The words disorder, information, freedom and spreading are used as metaphors and analogies in science teaching to capture the scientific qualitative sense of entropy. In addition, the identification of entropy with the everyday conception of heat has been proposed. While physical sciences are regarded as exact disciplines, in which terms have precise definitions, the words being used in the qualitative interpretation of entropy have many senses. This may provide an obstacle to achieving a scientific understanding of entropy. In this study, the metaphors for entropy and seeing entropy as heat were analysed by use of the different entries for the words in a dictionary. The present paper is a contribution to highlighting the importance of making any metaphors and analogies and their benefits and limitations explicit.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slavko Kocijančič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESENTATION OF LABORATORY SESSIONS FOR SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN SLOVENIAN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laboratory work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers' attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008530.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Among Slovenian upper secondary school science teachers a study was conducted about the implementation of laboratory work in Science teaching. One of the specific goals was to acquire preliminary data about the status of laboratory exercises in teaching Biology, Chemistry and Physics. Answers were received from 64 Biology teachers, 64 Chemistry teachers and 63 Physics teachers (about 40% of Slovene secondary school Science teachers).
The differences in attitudes towards and performance of laboratory work among teachers of different Science subjects are small. It can be concluded that teachers of all three subjects have generally positive attitudes towards laboratory work. The differences occur in the way laboratory work is performed. Not so positive are the findings that many of the exercises are presented to the students as demonstrations, and an expository style is preferred. In the future, efforts should be made to transform expository labs into inquiry- and problem-based laboratory work.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98-113 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analogical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547126.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Divergent thinking, which indicates the capacity to generate multiple alternatives or solutions, received attention as a component of creative thinking after the “Sputnik shock” of the late 1950s. Since then, numerous special programs for fostering creativity in convergent, critical, associational or analogical thinking have been developed. As a result, an article in 1993 reported that there were about 250 programs for improving creativity, and in 1998, a researcher classified various teaching strategies used in the programs into 170 types.
Therefore, I with my colleagues have recently started to develop a new model called the ‘small-scale iterative experiences for teaching scientific creativity’. The following studies will focus on finding alternative ways to incorporate this model into the ordinary science curriculum, and to measure the effectiveness of these methods in improving creativity. Furthermore, we will strive for an additional proof that these ways of creative thinking are still in contact with the nature of learning science in understanding scientific knowledge, conducting scientific inquiry, as well as in nourishing scientific thinking. On a final note, I hope I have inspired a healthy curiosity on the subject matter of scientific creativity, for more authentic science teaching and learning experiences to come with many science educators.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144-145 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dalia Augienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY EVALUATION: LITHUANIAN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ POSITION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comprehensive school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific research activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching proces</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547365.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human progress is inseparable from scientific achievements. The role of scientific achievements and knowledge in the modern world progress process is evident. Science can help the humanity a lot: create a more comfortable life, predict natural phenomena, foster humanistic traditions, educate society, change the development of society and so on. Today it is obvious, that the basis of country’s prosperity is its members’ perceptiveness, ability to discover, research and create. Therefore, society, its education system is concerned with forming conditions, encouraging young generation to try their abilities in scientific research activity, develop necessary competences and to know scientist’s, researcher’s activity and career peculiarities already in a secondary school.
After carrying out the research, the opinions of upper secondary school students (9-12 forms) about scientific research activity at school were analysed, Lithuanian comprehensive school upper secondary school students’ attitude towards researcher, scientist’s activity was revealed. Factor analysis was carried out applying the main component method and Varimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization. After carrying out this analysis it became clear that upper secondary school students do not relate their future with scientific research activity, researcher’s career is considered to be not perspective and of low prestige.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-208 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008377.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in science education has become widespread and been developed increasingly by many science educators in our digital time. Students’ and teachers’ use of new technologies both in the classrooms and out of school have enhanced science learning more meaningful and permanent. In recent years, new technologies such as scientific visualizations, statistical modeling, real time data collection, dynamic modeling software, and collaborative group work environments has been used widely in science education. However, many researches have showed that the success and effect of these technologies use in the classroom highly depend on teachers’ knowledge, skills and experiences in this area. It is apparent that, in the innovative classroom environments that are designed with ICT tools, the expenditures will be in vain if science teachers have no enough knowledge, skills and experiences in these technologies.
Another important dimension of this discussion is how to guide students to use digital learning environments enhanced with simulations, virtual experiments, and online chatting among their classmates and teachers. These are intended to follow after school time for the sustained understanding of science concepts. In specific, the development of Web 2.0 technologies or social networking technologies provides students with their self driven science learning. These technologies also support to share the visual materials such as photograph, videos, graphics and simulations for a clear understanding of issues that the students may concern. Today's science teachers on the social networking environments do not only discuss with their students science-related issues, but also build and develop social communication skills of their students.
As a result, it should not be thought that ICT tools alone can resolve all the problems of science education. It also should not be assumed that the ICT tools are versatile remedies for students who suffer from understanding of school science. No doubt that a science teacher’s eye contact and social interaction have positive impact on students’ achievement and attitudes in science more than the many technologies developed so far. In the light, science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge to use ICT tools in their science curriculum and the suitable methods to use these tools in classroom atmosphere should be researched in more advanced levels.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72-72</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canan Laçin-Şimşek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOMEN SCIENTISTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TEXTBOOKS IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science textbooks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">women scientists</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547841.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of inclusion of woman scientists in the textbooks prepared in accordance with the 2004 Science and Technology Curriculum in Turkey. The study is a descriptive field study since it proposes an assessment of the situation. In the study, document analysis was conducted. The 4th to 8th grade textbooks were analysed. It was identified that, despite the aim to include men and women who contributed to science in the science and technology curriculum, the textbooks do not reflect this sufficiently. In the textbooks, even though a total of 78 different scientists are mentioned, only two of these are women. It is important to include women scientists in science textbooks for girls to be able to find the role models they need when choosing a career Therefore, women scientists who contributed to science should be included in textbooks and this must be reinforced with one-to-one activities. In addition, it is important that teachers be sensitive and informed on this issue.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">277-284 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christel Persson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING RELATED TO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">play and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171990.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper results from a lon¬gitudinal study, with 28 pupils in primary school, is presented. The question asked is how pupils develop concepts in a related to the natural- and the techno sphere. The qualitative research consists of inter¬views, questionnaires and video-recorded sequences in the pupils’ science learning. The results were analyzed according to the Earth System Science model and the expressions were categorized according to their logical reasoning about what is happening between the spheres. The ex¬plorative study indicates the pupils’ ability reasoning about solutions and developing their ontological views. It is a question about scientific facts and values. The overall conclusion is that the pupils over time are able to connect different environ¬mental concepts and e.g. point out how toxic substances can be spread through the air into the water and the ground. Play and learning widens the perspectives and different explanations of concepts can be created.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">196-211 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Littledyke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evangelos Manolas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDEOLOGY, EPISTEMOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY: BARRIERS AND DRIVERS TO EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ideology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172734.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Brundtland Report (Brundtland Report, cited in United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1999) definition of education for sustainability (EfS) allows us to conceptualise sustainability in a number of ways in education, such as ecological sustainability, sociocultural sustainability and, political sustainability. Whilst EfS issues have multi-dimensional meanings, including effects, root causes, change strategies and preferred futures each curriculum area can contribute. This paper focusses on how approaches to science education can contribute to or inhibit EfS, according to what degree it informs understanding of sustainability issues, how it may support values and beliefs underpinning sustainability and how priorities in constructing curricula can influence pedagogy. Epistemology, as conceptions of knowledge associated with science, and ideology, as political influences that shape curricula, can direct approaches to pedagogy, which may or may not support EfS. Examples of approaches to science education that may support EfS are discussed with implications for appropriate pedagogy to support EfS summarised.
This paper has discussed how ideological, epistemological and pedagogical assumptions of curriculum planners and those who implement curricula affect EfS. Table 2 summarises the discussion and illustrates how modern, positivist or postpositivist approaches to science education can provide barriers or drivers to EfS. As unsustainability is not tenable option for society, postpositivist pedagogical approaches that support sustainability must be seen as an imperative rather than an option. Some of these pedagogical approaches are being put into practice; for example the development of resources to support teaching for sustainability, the establishing of eco-schools as models for sustainability practice and some very good guidance for development of EfS at national, regional and local level (see introduction). However, understanding of the barriers and drivers to EfS is also needed to counter the barriers and to foster a more systematic integration of EfS within the curriculum to achieve effective action for sustainability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285-301 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yasemin Özdem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pınar Çavaş</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bülent Çavaş</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jale Çakıroğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamide Ertepınar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN INVESTIGATION OF ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC LITERACY LEVELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740965.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific literacy has become the major goal of science education in many countries as well as Turkey. In line with this goal, the purpose of this study is to investigate the scientific literacy level of elementary students in Turkey. In this study, the scientific literacy level of students is investigated through “Scientific Literacy Test” adapted by the researchers. The test was administered to 946 elementary students enrolled in 6th, 7th and 8th grades in nine cities during the academic year of 2008-2009. The results of the study showed that 8th grade students significantly differ in their scientific literacy level compared to 6th and 7th grade students. However, eight graders have also some difficulties on some items related to the nature of science.
Scientific literacy has been recognized as an important characteristic that every citizen in a modern society should possess. In this respect science education is critical for developing students’ scientific literacy, which is turn in future scientifically literate citizens. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the scientific literacy levels of elementary students enrolled in 6th, 7th and 8th grades, and the results of this study showed that elementary students have a moderate level of scientific literacy. This result is promising when the results of PISA 2006 assessment, which indicated that only a few number of these students were found to be able to identify the scientific components of many complex life situations, is considered.
However, it is clear that science educators should put in more efforts to increase the students’ moderate level scientific literacy. After realizing the importance of scientific literacy as a major goal of science education in the world, science educators in Turkey made some efforts to improve science curricula. It is stated in the Science and Technology curriculum in Turkey that regardless of the individual differences, the main goal of science education is to educate all students as scientifically literate. Obviously, this effort would be useful in this regard because the new Turkish science curriculum might help students develop a moderate level of scientific literacy.
When the grade levels were examined in terms of scientific literacy levels, the results of this study revealed that students already have an average level of scientific literacy as they started upper elementary (e.g. 6th grade). Although the level of scientific literacy is seen to be increasing at 7th grade, there is no statistically significant difference between 6th and 7th grades in terms of scientific literacy level. A significant difference in increasing scientific literacy is only seen at 8th grade. In the light of these results, it can be concluded that although new Science and Technology curriculum makes a difference in scientific literacy for upper elementary students, it is not effective to raise the levels to more satisfactory. For that reason, it is necessary to explore ways to improve scientific literacy levels of students at each grade level. According to BouJaoude (2002) teaching, assessment, the quality of textbooks used, participating in extra-curricular scientific activities, and experiencing science in out-of-school contexts are important factors influencing the students’ scientific literacy level.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-19</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bilek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE TIME OF VIRTUAL WORLDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research project</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual information</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740764.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of ICT to the process of instruction does not mean eliminating real school experiments from school laboratory practice. Real living environment makes us face more and more items of virtual environment, worlds, mediated by infinite possibilities of computer networks. The mediated perception through virtual images has become an important cognitive channel for pupils. Real information from the existing reality is steadily replaced by virtual information. 
Is the remote (by computer network mediated) and virtual (by computer simulated) experiment able to meet requirements of the best school laboratory practice?
How to blend an effective and meaningful application of real, indirect and simulative observation, measuring and experimenting according to didactic principles?
Reaching the above mentioned targets in science education is classified to be progress in so called science literacy. Virtual environment supported by ICT is penetrating both human and school life. All kinds of our activities can be supported by technologies. According to Marshall McLuhan (1964) it can be said “...technologies are enhancing our senses...” and they can support our understanding of nature and improving our being. In our opinion, the necessity to research this field, especially in situations where the initial relation to natural science and technical subjects is formed, is currently very topical and desirable (Bílek and Skalická, 2009).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Šimonová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NEW MONOGRAPH FOR RELEVANT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general chemical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methodology of science cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real and virtual experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research project</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404741265.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The monograph “Interaction of Real and Virtual Environment in Early Science Education: Tradition and Challenges” is first outcome of the research project Challenges and limits of interacting real and virtual environments in early science education, which is supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR), and it is Volume 5 of the Didactics of Science and Technical Subjects edition published by the Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové since 1999. 
The monograph, published in English, consists thirteen contributions of authors from four countries (Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic) and six universities (University of Hradec Králové, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznaň, Jagellonian University in Krakow and Šiaulai University). 
The content is structured into six main chapters devoted to the methodology of science cognition, and focusing mainly on general chemical education, real and virtual experiments in early education in this field, their types, possibilities and experience in their practical use in the process of instruction, in research activities of experiment-supported instruction, and it also deals with possible risks which applications of new technologies may cause. 
In the Introductory Chapter M. Bílek discusses the importance of the Natural Science methodology and its projection into the Science subjects in general education in the times of information and knowledge society. 
In Chapter Two J. Škoda, P. Doulík, K. Myška and others provide a detailed insight and analysis of the role of school experiments as an important method in the process of cognition; they also emphasize the contribution of modelling and creating modern material didactic means to support the process of Chemistry instruction. 
Chapter Three includes four contributions on virtual experiments and their types. The above mentioned computer models and modelling are worked out in the study by K. Myška, K. Kolář and M. Bílek. The last mentioned together with M. Turčáni and P. Skalická deal with remote and virtual laboratories and remote measuring. They emphasize the contribution of F. Lustig, a Czech pioneer in the field of school applications of remote laboratories in Physics, they present examples of putting such activities into effect, and running and managing Web supported real chemical experiments. Foreign authors R. Wolski and P. Jagodziński describe the situation in Poland and provide examples of using the Internet for chemical experiments. They introduce a course tailored to Chemistry students and teachers which aims at developing new skills in this field. They also deal with new electronic teaching aids, e.g. minicomputer, and services which it offers to Chemistry instructions. The article contains photographs showing the use of the presented material didactic means in the real environment. An article by M. Bílek on the role of virtual museums in science and technical instruction as an example of electronic support of so called &quot;museum didactics&quot; closes this part. 
Chapter Four focuses on ways in which different types of experiments can be applied in Science education. Authors of five contributions look for ideal rate of using real and virtual environment for running experiments, and the present their own experience. Again R. Wolski and P. Jagodziński summarize the positive influence which experiments have on the process of cognition in Sciences, mainly in the affective field and motivation. J. Rychtera demonstrates the possibility of intentionally directed process of perceiving through experiments supported by video-technology. I. Maciejowska and M. Bílek set main e-learning objectives in Science education, among which experimental activities cannot be omitted. A specialist in the field of &quot;augmented reality&quot; and &quot;augmented virtuality&quot;, V. Lamanauskas, presented possibilities how this modern tool can be used in early Science and Chemistry instruction, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, and introduces the ARISE Project as an innovative approach to natural science education. The topic is widened by M. Vilkoniene who presents results of the research supported by this technology. 
Research activities focusing on the use of real and virtual experiments in early Science instruction are discussed in Chapter Five. It includes two articles by P. Doulík, J. Škoda and M. Bílek. In the former one authors provide a meta-analysis of research studies on didactic application of various types of experiments which were published in renowned foreign journals in the last decade. In the latter contribution selected methods of pedagogical experiments applied in researching efficiency of school experiments in Natural Science instruction are presented and evaluated. 
In the final chapter the same three authors propose a possible future way based on the curricular reform. This requirement results from social and economic changes running in the current society, and the technical and technological development in all spheres. The curriculum reflecting this situation and perspectives must define adequate educational objectives, content and extent, methods and forms how information is provided to students, deal with relationship between science and technology on one side, and society on the other one, include global and ecological problems, devote to inter-subject relations and ways of thinking in the new situation, propose supportive methods of instruction which are offered by new information and communication technologies. Research projects which provide feedback information about this process form the basis for defining didactic recommendations. 
The publication does not aim at covering the whole field which is currently very hot. Author/s of each contribution are trying to provide their experience towards the process of ICT implementation in the science and technical subject instruction, particularly in early Chemistry instruction. Being implemented correctly, the supporting-instruction ICT provide not only educational contribution in the form of visual multimedia presentations of school experiments, but they also eliminate the danger during real experiments, and they save money because new chemical matters and other laboratory aids are not required. The long-term savings appear despite the starting financial expenses in HW and SW equipment. 
One of the most important contributions of the monograph is by my opinion the above mentioned meta-analysis which resulted from demanding work of experienced researchers. The cited references will serve the interested as a deep source of literature in this field. The monograph is well-arranged because of unified structure and formatting of single contributions, and adequate technical quality of the text and figures. 
The monograph can be recommended to researcher and teachers of all types and school levels. It enables future and graduate teachers to insight in the work of experienced university teachers, didacticians and researches in the field of science and technical subject instruction. It offers an outline of modern technologies which could by applied in experimenting, motivates to follow or be modified according to the level of their own institution. 
The work is available at University of Hradec Kralove, Gaudeamus Publishing House, or in the electronic form on the project web page (http://pdf.uhk.cz/kch/projekty.html). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72-74 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linda Fuselier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Kasi Jackson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEPTIONS OF COLLABORATION, EQUITY AND VALUES IN SCIENCE AMONG FEMALE AND MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multidisciplinary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undergraduate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171377.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversification of the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) workforce requires a climate supportive of underrepresented groups. We studied undergraduate student attitudes to uncover perceptions that may be addressed through targeted pedagogies. We surveyed undergraduate students pursuing science and humanities programs to quantify their attitudes toward gender equity, the importance of values, the perceived contribution of competition and collaboration to science, and to examine their understanding of multidisciplinary collaborations in science. Women more strongly supported gender equity, were more likely to recognize women’s contributions, and had a more positive view of female scientists’ lives. Women perceived science as more collaborative, identified a broader range of disciplines, including social sciences and humanities, to include, and viewed collaboration as working directly with others rather than using published work. We relate our results to the need for gender-sensitive pedagogies and other changes in the college science curriculum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olavi Hakkarainen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maija Ahtee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUPILS CONNECTING OBSERVATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS IN SUCCESSIVE DEMONSTRATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Explanation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variation theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171824.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to find out how pupils will connect their observa¬tions and explanations from a demonstra¬tion. Seventh graders (117) were shown successively two demonstrations about floating and sinking. Pupils’ observations and explanations were classified and compared with each other in the two demonstrations. The four observation categories were: Complete observation, incomplete observation, non-essential observation, and no observation. The five explanation categories were: Scientific explanation (density), alternative explana¬tion (weight), situational explanation (temperature), spontaneous explanation (irrelevant, insufficient, wrong), and no ex¬planation. Both the observations and the explanations were improved significantly in the second demonstration even that no teaching was done between the demon¬strations. The ways used by the seventh graders in processing their observations and explanations have been examined from the viewpoint of perceptual learning, variation theory, and the memory models in cognitive psychology.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-178</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION: REGARDING TRENDS AND MAIN PRINCIPLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">societal oriented teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trends</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171766.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When the authors propose the article for publication they are on the top stair after having planned and providing their research projects. On the initial stage it’s very important to choose the relevant topic and methodology. Discussing trends and main principle of Education we can model constituents which include Institutional, Socio-cultural and Psychological and finally, Disciplinary categories. The first and the latter are of great importance both for practicing teachers and education explorers. And both are of special interest of JBSE editorial policy.
Institutional category can be presented as three-dimensional matrix with the core plane consist of lines presenting different points of horizontal and vertical diversification, and complementary third-dimension lines presenting variation in each point.
The other problem discussed is the role of the subject and societal oriented teaching, and as the result main trends in educational researches. The subject focusing researches are contrasted with the societal thrust being considered in other research studies. The latter are concerned about teaching em¬phasis and student learning climate, and thus demanding to reduce subject-related content in favour of context oriented studies. But we can teach nothing about when have no a subject. Just it’s a rationale even more important when we say about Science Education. We need Subject-oriented studies, which show us the relevance of disciplinary category in promoting the teaching-learning process. We need to investigate the relevance of content to know better what context we need to motivate students (and educators as well!). 
Science is integrative force and Science Education can help to understand the changing world. Science Education does so and there are many examples strengthening the point. It is one more and may be the most exciting issue demonstrating the unity of knowledge and necessity for cooperation. The latter can help to develop the core model for more effective Education based on all traditions and contemporary trends.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164-166 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION: SEARCH FOR HARMONY AND BEAUTY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science and technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171202.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We all live in a changing interdependent world where Technology and Science are among the forces defining the development of any country, nation and all the civilization. Education gives people skills and knowledge, which make Technology and Science the tools to gain a progress and success. The time science created crisis seems to go away and just now the same science may resolve the most exciting challenges of our civilization. It’s still a time when acquisition and proliferation of scientific knowledge is obviously the way for solving of many social, ecological and other problems. Scientists have been advocating for the idea for last decades. And finally Policy makers have awakened to the realities of the situation and just now accept the fact the Science is a powerful source for sustainable development. Now we all need to affect public opinion for endorsement of the idea of Science utility and relevance. Thus questions how to teach Science in all the aspects and what ways to choose for organizing a process of education are of great importance both for scientific fundamental or applied researches and social, cultural and economic development of any country.
We revert to the point we started from: we explore something what is beautiful and useful at the very same time. Both attributives are referred to Science. And our mission of educators is to show the attractiveness of Science and relevance of Science Education. 
Every lesson, lecture, research project and finally their presentations in the form of article, interview or other public activity should contribute to the growing popularity of Science. I like, I admire and even apotheosize the Science and I want the other feel the same. And to do this we must learn to behave in a more aggressive (in the best sense of the term) way to present to others the utility and beauty of Science and its crucial role in the development of our civilisation. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84-86</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aykut  Bozdoğan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat  Demirbaş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF UNIVERSITY PROCESS IN IMPROVING THE MISCONCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ABOUT MOTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motion concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740144.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, the effects of university experiences in improving the misconceptions of pre-service science teachers about motion (displacement, distance, average velocity and speed) they brought from secondary education were investigated. This descriptive study was conducted in Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Education between 2003 - 2007 academic years. Total 52 students studying in science education department took part in the study. In the data collection, 12 open-ended questions were asked to pre-service science teachers both in the 1st and 4th years. Frequency tables and percentages were used for analyzing and presenting the data. The paper concludes by arguing that university process could not remove the misconceptions of pre-service science teachers regarding the definitions and quantities of displacement, distance, average velocity, speed, and operational questions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">145-156 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera Čižkova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hana Čtrnactova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tereza Nečesana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION THROUGH INTERACTIVE TASKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interactive tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739843.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology, environmental protection, and education leading to sustainable development are at present one of the dominant educational topics at primary and secondary schools. Though a great deal of attention is paid to teaching of these topics in educational systems of most countries, it is mostly only in terms of theory with a little emphasis on comprehension. One of the ways of how to change this situation is the use of appropriate learning tasks that would make the lessons more interesting, would show a link between these lessons and the practice and would lead to the acquisition of skills, competences and approaches of sustainable character. Therefore our focus was to develop a method of how to create interesting interactive learning tasks and the ways of their application in educational practice. Our research has designed a set of such tasks and verified their effectiveness in practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110-119 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aarne Toldsepp</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL APPROACHES TO R&amp;D WORK OF COMPILING CURRICULA FOR CHEMISTRY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum design and structuring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relevance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739889.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to show how combine qualitative and quantitative approaches in the framework of R&amp;D activities for compiling balanced curricula for chemistry education. The mathematical model based on graph theory was built up. This model allowed us to calculate two kinds of parameters to characterize the structure and composition of a given teaching material:
- parameters characterizing every single structural element of the teaching material in the selected content;
- parameters describing the teaching material as a whole. 
Two important educational concepts of selection and structuring of teaching material was derived from mathematical model represented by directed graph – continuity and compactness. As an example of using mathematical and logical approaches for compiling curricula of chemistry education these theoretical concepts were applied to organic chemistry courses for basic and high schools. Results showed that the mergering of curriculum design with chemical epistemology, personal and social relevance of teaching material and mathematical and logical models creates a new forum where constraints to educational reforms can be reviewed and resolved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120-129 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELEVANT ASPECTS OF NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION HUMANIZATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contemporary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanistic criteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanization of the educational process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740082.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is obvious that the theories of Piaget and Bruner left some gaps in the assessment of the evolution of children‘s individuality. Naturally, it was noticed by such famous researchers as Maslow, Rogers, etc. who were the classics of psychology. From the viewpoint of psychology, self actualization, self-expression, etc, are notably crucial aspects while the educational process is approached as the pupil‘s intrinsic, controlled phenomenon. To some purpose, the Lithuania’s National Concept of Education (1992) maintains that humanism is the assertion of human incomparable value, freedom of choice, and responsibility. As the reform of the Lithuanian educational system is still in progress more and more attention is focused on individual training and human values fostering. The present humankind has to solve a number of serious problems. Under the threat of the ecology catastrophe, concern for physical and spiritual health care is felt. All our relations with nature turn out to be problematic. The establishment of a harmonious correlation between nature and society becomes an important task. We cannot exclusively rely on knowledge and mind in any activity as these are not overall dimensions. We also understand having no opportunities to become the lords of nature. According to Nazarenko, ecology problems can be solved taking advantages of science and technology achievements. However, the dynamics of the process should become individual and public, high virtuous and ecologic culture (Nazarenko, 1993). A psychologist Asmolov proposes that the worst of it is that culture oriented towards benefit. Therefore, the humanization and socialization of natural science education is a relevant pedagogic problem.
Thus, contemporary school cannot be the only educational institution that trains the young generation for life – it has to be life itself. The child should not have felt being under an obligation and trying to escape from it. In conclusion we can maintain that:
• the subjects of natural sciences have to help the child to accept the concept of healthy way of life;
• the unity of perceptive and practical activities is a very important condition for humanization, We have to integrate the scientific knowledge of the interaction of the system Nature -Human Being – Society;
• human interrelationship among people should be fostered. 
• natural science education ruins the formed ethnic natural outlook independently of national culture and changes value-based orientation (Ramančionis, 1996). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140-144 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raffaele Pisano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TOWARDS HIGH QUALIFICATION FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. THE LOSS OF CERTAINTY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school curricula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739418.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is known that teachers and professors at any school and university orders should highly mind education as the first and most general aim of a civil society. It is a fact that many European countries and education centres are reflecting brilliantly upon higher scientific education focusing on physics and mathematics especially. The Institutions also seem to take into account full management autonomy. Accreditation has considered one of the best solutions adopted by central or high-level education authorities to guarantee quality standards in training offered by higher education. It means accrediting education results through a legislative and professional process in order to judge whether an institution or a programme meets proper quality standards.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64-68</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aarne Tõldsepp</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHAT KIND OF RESEARCH DO WE NEED FOR DEVELOPING STL IN SCIENCE EDUCATION?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flexible theories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistical methods</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720331.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effectiveness of any R&amp;D work depends on research methodology used by studying nature, regularities and peculiarities related to the researched field of knowledge. How often have we heard that educational researches belong to ‘soft studies’ because all social sciences including science education belong to the soft field of knowledge. A quilty person in this case is not at all science education but educators – researchers working in the field of science education and using only soft methodology and strategies. Any educational research has the same attributes as fundamental (‘strong’) sciences and embraces formulating topics and a tittle, planning theoretical and experimental study, collecting empirical data, statistically treating the results of research etc. There is a single exception between ’soft’ and ‘strong’ studies: in social sciences including science education, we cannot repeat experiments under the same circumstances. During the time between two parallel studies, our kids, pupils, students or currently, our respondents have changed cognitively, emotionally, communicatively etc. A number of changes in their knowledge, skills, values and even in characters can be noticed. In addition to the above mentioned changes, we fail to understand the kind of changes taking place during experimental study.. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suat Unal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHANGING STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS OF FLOATING AND SINKING USING HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sinking and floating</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719938.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to develop hands-on activities and to investigate their effects in changing students’ misconceptions of floating and sinking. It was conducted with 28 eighth-grade students. To assess students’ understanding and the effects of the instruction based on hands-on activities, a diagnostic test, Floating and Sinking Conceptual Test (FSCT), was employed in the study. It was found out that the instruction based on hands-on activities did have a significant positive effect on students’ understanding of flotation concepts and rules. Moreover, the hands-on activities designed for eight problematic areas where students commonly had difficulties helped them to replace their misconceptions with the scientific ones. It is suggested that further studies should be undertaken to highlight the question ‘Does the conceptual change strategy used in this study affect students’ long-term memory?’</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">134-146</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andero Vaarik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mare Taagepera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lembi Tamm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOLLOWING THE LOGIC OF STUDENT THINKING PATTERNS ABOUT ATOMIC ORBITAL STRUCTURES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge space theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">symbolic representation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual representation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288983.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present study was to follow the logic of student thinking patterns about atomic orbital structures on both the atomic model visualization and the corresponding symbolic representation levels. The students´ factual knowledge was measured by the percent correct answers with and without explanations, the misconceptions were documented, and the cognitive organization was analyzed using knowledge space theory. The study was carried out with 255 students studying chemistry at the 8th and 9th lower secondary school and 10th to 12th secondary school levels.
       The major findings included (1) the high proportion of correct answers on multiple-choice questions, without correct explanations, leading to false positive results which do not necessarily reflect understanding of the material; (2) the lack of a logic structure in students' thinking due mostly to the misunderstanding of symbols; and (3) misconceptions about what charges represent and the placement of electrons in ionic vs. covalent bonding. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-36</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LET’S DEVELOP MODERN GENERAL NATURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theory of learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288801.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dear Readers!

Nowadays, there is an urgent need to increase the e f f e c t i v e n e s s of Natural Science and Technology Education (NSTE). To solve the corresponding problems, we need the appropriate development of S y s t e m i c NSTE D i d a c t i c s because all serious improvements in our modern life and education are systemic changes. 
Traditionally, the Professional NSTE systems in our schools are dominating and today it is one of the points, why we need serious improvement – the development of modern G e n e r a l N S T E as fundamental background of modern Professional NSTE, as well as modern General Education for all. It is urgent to turn special attention to principal difference in understanding the concept “didactics” by professional scientists/engineers and educators. 
Didactics is the theory of learning. What, why and how to learn - these are the basic questions for all kinds of education. In Professional NSTE concept “didactics” is traditionally understood only as the content and the methodology of Sciences and Technologies themselves.
Nowadays, for the development of modern General NSTE, we need a much broader approach to Sciences and Technologies, taking away isolating gaps among different branches, stages and kinds of education, as well as among Natural Sciences, Technologies and Education themselves.
Working for higher effectiveness of General NSTE, we need to develop and implement the systemic overlapping of scientific content and science methodology with general pedagogical concepts and structures of learning, as well as with corresponding the content and the methodology of modern technologies.
Growing diversity in our life also needs the s y s t e m i c development of appropriate hierarchical diversity in education. At the same time it is important to know that traditions are very strong and the innovative approaches are not popular. The answer to the question “what NSTE for what life?” becomes more and more waited and urgent. 
Let me wish success to all colleagues, developing systemic didactics of General NSTE and ask them to inform each other by publishing corresponding articles in our Journal of Baltic Science Education. 

Sincerely yours,
Prof Dr Andris Broks 
University of Latvia
Latvia 
Deputy Editor-in-Chief of JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION JOURNALS AND CITATION INDEXES: WHAT SHOULD WE DO?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic journals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citation index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719475.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We are now glad to release the second issue of the third volume. In this issue there are four articles, again from a diverse set of topics and regions of the globe.  In the past seven years JBSE has become known by almost every colleague in our field. Thus, we are receiving an increasing number of manuscripts every month. We would like to take this opportunity and thank all of our authors and diligent reviewers.
We had gone through considerable difficulty to decide and choose articles for publication. We thank the members of the editorial board for doing the hard work in reviewing manuscripts and providing feedback to both authors and the editorial office.
As you’ll see there are 4 articles published in this issue. Authors are from 4 different countries. 
Considering increasing impact of modern technologies on everyday lives of all peoples, science education receives greater attention of both researchers general public than previously. This situation resulting in high number of manuscripts submission in this field and consequently the number of specialized journals also continuously increase. Unfortunately, the vast majority of science education journals are still not indexed in the most prestigious scientific database, the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). From our point of view, only quality of published papers can help us to increase the number of SSCI journals in the field of science education. Thus, both contributors and editors together with referees in this situation have very difficult task, because only selection of best quality papers provides a chance to a journal to be indexed in SSCI. However, the main goal of a review process is not just dichotomously dividing papers on “Good” and “Poor” group, as it is currently common practice in top tiered science education journals which are swamped by papers from all over the world. Instead, we appeal on both referees for objective, but picky reviews, and editors for patience in providing another chance for paper re-submissions, especially for inexperienced authors. We suggest that this is the only way how to honestly increase the quality of published papers and reaching indexing our new science education journals in prestigious databases. 
Anna Uitto (Finland), Fatma Aggul (Turkey),  Janis Gedrovics (Latvia), Jari Lavonen (Finland), Erdal Sonmez (Turkey),  Kalle Juuti (Finland), Mehmet Bahar (Turkey), Mehmet Yalcin (Turkey),  Murat Ozel (Turkey), Metin Acikyildiz (Turkey), Pavol Prokop (Slovakia), Muhammet Usak (Turkey),  Renāte Kalniņa (Latvia), Reijo Byman (Finland) and Veijo Meisalo (Finland).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Jonsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Gustafsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margareta Enghag</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT RICH PROBLEMS AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL IN PHYSICS TEACHING – A CASE STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context rich problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperative groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288026.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a case study, in which we used context rich problems as an educational tool in a university level physics course. The students worked in groups of three to four when solving these problems, which provided them with an opportunity to discuss physics together at their own level. Video recordings of groups working with the problems allowed us to study how different groups functioned and also to look for what is known as exploratory talks. This form of communication was interpreted as situational interest on the part of the students. A questionnaire at the end of the course, and interviews with a few of the students after the course, revealed that the students considered that context rich problems facilitated understanding of physical concepts and made physics more interesting..</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-34</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlasta Hus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY SCIENCE TEACHING IN THE NEW PRIMARY SCHOOL IN SLOVENIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empirical study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286992.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Focusing the problem of rapidly disappearing interest for natural science and technical studies the Slovene school system began to reform natural science and technical teaching from the beginning - from the primary level. The article presents the results of the empirical study, which monitored the changes of quality in early science teaching on primary level after changes of school system at the end of the millennium.
        We have discovered that in most aspects the Environmental Studies teaching is of better quality (because it is more student oriented, the quality of knowledge is better etc.) if compared to the teaching of the Natural and Social Sciences regarding the observed didactic components. This can be seen as a result of different conceptual and didactic structures of the Environmental Studies and additional continuous work and team work of the teaching staff. Furthermore, it is due to a better material basis/financial status of the Environmental Studies lessons, a lower number of pupils in the class and also to the phenomenon of innovation. The fact that the pupils feel better and the teachers, as well as nursery nurses have a more positive attitude towards the subject, is very stimulating. The results of our research should, above all, contribute to the quality of planning, implementation and evaluation of the teaching of the Environmental Studies in the first year, as well as in the following two years of the nine-year primary school programme. We also consider them useful in the education of the future teachers and nursery nurses of the Environmental Studies in the primary school education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58-65</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lutfullah Turkmen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCES OF ELEMENTARY SCIENCE TEACHING METHOD COURSES ON A TURKISH TEACHERS COLLEGE ELEMENTARY EDUCATION MAJOR STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE AND SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404287084.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main purpose of this study was to find the influences of elementary science teaching method courses on Turkish elementary education major students’ attitudes toward science and science teaching in a Turkish Teachers College. The results of both pre and post-test scores showed that elementary education major students have positive attitudes toward science and science teaching. Statistically, only one significant positive change (pair-wise t-tests) was found between the pre and post-test scores; that is, students significantly gained more positive attitudes toward science teaching. On the other hand, the mean difference after taking elementary science teaching method courses did not show a significant result on the attitudes toward science. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that Elementary science teaching method courses have a positive influence on attitudes toward science teaching but this conclusion is not the same for the attitudes toward science. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66-77</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karin Stolpe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helge Strömdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENT TEACHERS’ REASONING PATTERNS WHILE SOLVING A CONTEXTUALIZED TASK ON THERMAL PHENOMENA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interview</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal phenomena</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288657.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> In this study three different patterns of reasoning have been identified: linear, star and combined reasoning. As six student teachers were working on a contextualized task on heat and temperature they showed these different patterns of reasoning during an interview situation. The data was analysed using reasoning maps. The patterns are also discussed in relation to the students’ subject matter knowledge in this specific area. There are indications that the reasoning pattern is dependent on what kind of scientific subject matter knowledge the student reveals. Star and combined reasoning make it possible to look at the task from different angles and thereby develop fragmented knowledge into more comprehensive knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-54</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tacettin Pinarbasi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ON ACIDS AND BASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286816.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study is aimed at determining students’ misconceptions about acids and bases. In order to fulfill this aim, open-ended diagnostic questions and semi-structured interviews were used. The diagnostic questions were administered to 91 undergraduates who enrolled in the Primary Science Teacher Training Department in a state university in Turkey. In addition 11 students were interviewed in order to clarify their written responses and to further probe students’ conceptual understandings of the questions asked in the test. The findings revealed a number of misconceptions. The results have implications for tertiary level teaching, suggesting that a substantial review of teaching strategies is needed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-34</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esra Ucak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huseyin Bag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING LEARNING THROUGH MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES IN ELEMENTARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple intelligence theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234896.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The goal of this research is to investigate whether there is a significant difference between multiple intelligence instruction and traditionally designed science instruction on 7th grade students’ understanding of concept with the “The Structure of Material and Its Transformation” unit and attitudes toward science. Two classes, each with 27 students were randomly selected. The experimental group was instructed though MI strategies, whereas the control group was utilized with traditional methods. The measurement instruments utilized were Chemistry Achievement Test and Science Attitude Scale. As a result of this study it was found out that multiple intelligence theory, when compared to the traditional learning method, created positive effects on students’ success and attitudes toward science as a school subject. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-69</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eleonora Melnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING A CHILD’S ORIENTATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOME REMARKS FROM RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234825.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article highlights the research of a man’s interaction with the environment. The research is based on literature sources in natural science and humanities. From the pedagogical point of view we prefer considering the orientation of a child, residing in an environment as research of his relations with the entire environment: with the natural, social and modified components. A tool to understanding this kind of a child’s relationship with the environment is an interdisciplinary approach which helps to thoroughly characterize the main tendencies of a person’s interaction with the environment from the different sciences perspective.
Thereby, our vision of the problem of the child’s orientation in the environment does not contradict the main trend of the development of different sciences knowledge about environment, which expect the study of the person’s environment and clarification of his place in this environment. However, the orientation process will be more successful if:

	 as early as in the primary school the child will understand the term &quot;environment”, as a multi-component system, being an integrity of natural, changed (to different extent) environment and the social one, being in dynamic balance, when past, present and future are determined by conditions, which mankind (the society) is capable or not capable to create in the purpose of saving the civilization, on basis of time-appropriate relations, moral-ethical values, accepted and being used in the society;
	 the child is to be considered as the subject of the activity and interaction with the environment, being inside the system, possessing psyche and capable to form up his life space, according to his wish;
	 the child’s orientation is to be viewed as a process, which is directed to transformation of a  child’s particular situation relationships with the surrounding reality into a stable value-oriented system;
	 the result, which determines a general person’s life-line (activity, actions) in his present and future relationships with the environment, is to be directed by viewing the environment as the main value.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-60</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Sormunen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heikki Saari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOVING BEYOND TEACHING METHODS IN SCHOOL SCIENCE - EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL VIEWPOINTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower and upper secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching methods</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234702.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The question of how to implement teaching methods in school science finally emerges, when new science curricula are introduced and taken in use. Fundamentally new orientations in curricula might however, be in conflict with the situation which is predominant at schools with more traditional views of school science. We start our article by exemplifying the Finnish situation in relation to the science curriculum renovation, taking into consideration tensions at a more general level. Our aim is to bring into discussion both epistemological questions and communicational aspects of science teaching and learning. We conclude that moving beyond the traditional focus on facts and the laws of science; we could teach students to use the knowledge and expertise of others, raising questions, living with uncertainty, articulating ideas in public forums, using evidence, reaching consensus, and making group decisions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-39</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palmira Pečiuliauskienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marija Barkauskaitė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OPERATION OF EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING SCIENCES IN LITHUANIAN PRIMARY AND BASIC SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational software</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">world study</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214150.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On the basis of national research data on the schoolchildren’ achievements and on the grounds of a secondary analysis of the gained information the article deals with operation of educational software in the process of teaching world study in primary school and different natural sciences in basic school. It has been established that in comparison with science lessons provided in basic school educational software is often enough followed during the classes on world study in primary school. Primary educational software is regularly used in the city site and regional centre schools while in the rural area it is very rare. On the opposite of the city site schools, basic educational software is widely employed in the rural area. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-26</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irena Gailienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rytis Vilkonis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE SECONDARY SCHOOL LEARNERS‘ INTERACTION (FORMS 5 - 12) WITH NATURE: THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF ATTITUDES IN TERMS OF LIFE PROTECTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">respect for life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semantic categories</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234637.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The theoretical and practical facts prove that humankind increasingly devalue life primarily implementing personal needs and goals. Thus, the major objective of the learners’ science (self) education is fostering respect for nature and life. Although the issue is rather vital, the schoolchildren’s interaction with nature is poorly investigated in Lithuanian as well as in other European countries. The object of the latter research is disclosing attitudes towards life protection in the process of the interaction with nature. The article deals with the semantic structure and the main peculiarities of the learners’ attitudes towards life protection on the basis of which the factors determining the attitudes could be predicted and an effective system of educational support could be developed. 1787 teenagers participated in the survey. A quantitative and qualitative assessment indicates that more than a half of the respondents (64% of the answers) have positive attitudes towards the protection of single plants and animals’ species. Less than a half of the surveyed participants expressed neutral and negative attitudes (19% and 17% of the answers respectively). Despite the fact that quite a few learners support an idea about life protection, a semantic assessment of the attitude structure shows that the utilitarian, pragmatic and egocentric components of emotions are mainly prevailing. However, an expression of the ethic and value-based components remains weak and more diffusive. The learners’ attitudes towards life protection are full of semantic conversions. Hence, the obtained results presuppose the necessity of educational intervention. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-19</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mattias Lundin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mats Lindahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPERIENCES AND THEIR ROLE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049603.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study focuses what role re-actualized experiences may have in a school science setting. Observations were done in two Swedish schools with emphasis on teacher centred lessons. Data consist of field notes, recordings and documents. Two major themes of the results can be highlighted. First, the teachers’ and pupils’ mutual interest in pupils’ re-actualized experiences. Second, the limited elaboration of those. These issues are discussed due to teachers’ work with different purposes. We call that teachers’ orchestration of multiple agendas in science education. Re-actualized experiences appear to become means for motivating pupils in their work with different tasks in order to make them cope.
    The results of this study indicate a difference, compared to what Bergqvist (1990) reports on students posing questions. Here the immediate concern neither seemed to be inductive learning nor to find any correct answers, as in Bergqvist’s study. Instead the task including writing questions and formulation of so called hypotheses promoted the re-actualization of experiences. The task connects the classroom activity to pupils’ previous experiences. The ways of dealing with re-actualized experiences seem to have been appropriated in a way that a limited elaboration has become sufficient. Expressed in other words, we could say that an agenda concerning time and the progress of lessons towards other content areas, sometimes become crucial. In other cases an agenda of considering safety becomes crucial. Although time seem to be at stake, it has to be stressed that re-actualized experiences might become relevant in a not necessarily expected way.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-39</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edgar W. Jenkins</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE STUDENT VOICE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: RESEARCH AND ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article reviews a range of national and international studies concerned with students’ views about science and their school science education. It suggests that such views have gained some prominence in recent years and comments why this is so. It examines the implications of some of the research findings for policy makers, curriculum developers and science teachers. It concludes that, while the outcomes of specific research studies are always interesting, such outcomes may prove to be of most use in helping to develop more general strategies for increasing student motivation, commitment and attainment.
    Given the methodological diversity among the various studies of student opinion about their school science education, it is perhaps somewhat surprising that many of the findings are consistent across a number of different education systems and cultures. For example, physics seems an unpopular subject with girls in most countries and a number of other gender differences in students’ responses are prevalent. It is also the case that many students would like to see more attention given in their school science education to contemporary and controversial issues in science that relate to their everyday experiences. ‘Many’ however, is not all and most surveys reveal a significant but important minority of students who either have no strong opinion upon, or take a contrary view about, a number of issues such as the alleged difficulty of school science or the inclusion of socio-scientific issues within the school science curriculum. For example, in the Student Review of the Science Curriculum in England, referred to above, 29 per cent of the students (n = 1,471) “didn’t mind” whether or not controversial issues were included in school science and 55 per cent said that their experience of primary schools had had no effect on their attitudes towards science (Planet Science  et al., 2003).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-30</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Schoultz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glenn Hultman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHING AND THE SCHOOL - WHEN CONCEPTS MEET CONTEXT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">culture of school science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school science project</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420270.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With this paper we want to discuss possibilities and problems for pupils to learn science. Ex­ploratory studies have been carried in science classrooms. The science lesson exists in a context of its own but classroom interaction re­veals parallel discourses and many research studies show that pupils have great difficulties to move from an eve­ryday discourse into a science discourse and to acquire the spe­cial language of science and the special ways of seeing the world.
Learning and progress in science mean that you acquire concepts and knowledge, which have been developed during a long period of time in cultures with specific terms and rules. In this perspective learning can be regarded as the individual increasing his/her familiarity with the area of knowledge. This is a slow and de­manding process for the learner. But in a science classroom with 30 pupils and one teacher this is rather problematic. The teacher has not time to help every student to go further into the science “arena”. For many pupils the experimental work ends up with the fact that the pupils learn the method and how to handle the material but get no opportunity learn more science.
In conclusion we must say that the result of the work in the science classroom depends on the combina­tion of pupils, teachers and materials. The pupil, the teacher and the material are not components, which can be described separately. They are variables, which affect each other and at the same time form a whole, which is affected by the surrounding milieu.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-33</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benita Bagata</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrejs Geske</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rita Kiselova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING THE IEA TIMSS TESTS TO COMPARE PUPILS’ SCIENCE EDUCATION ACHIEVEMENTS AT REGIONAL AND SCHOOL LEVELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international comparative science study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419481.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The task of research was to find out if the TIMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science Study) tests could be used to compare the average achievements of schools at regional level. All eight-formers of the Valmiera (Latvia) region participated in the investigation.

The study showed than on average, the achievements of the schoolchildren of the Valmiera region are more considerable than those at national level in general. Moreover, the representatives of the city site rather than the participants of the rural area were more successful in the Valmiera region as well as throughout the country. However, analysis indicates that some schools of the rural area have achieved impressive results while knowledge of a number of the learners of the city remains rather poor. The data is important to education leaders of the region because school situation and the results of this research can help to carry out the assessment of every school. The obtained information regarding pupils’ performance in each of the subject content groups is essential for schools. In general, we may consider that a parallel TIMSS study undertaken in one of the regions of Latvia has been very successful and education leaders, school principals and teachers of the area received valuable information.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-41</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS – SOME REMARKS FROM THE POLISH PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education of teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928763.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education becomes more and more important in contemporary society. Its effects depend mainly on teachers. No wonder that in many countries the problem of science teachers’ education becomes of significant importance. This article presents topical problems connected with education and improvement of science teachers in Poland. First of all, there will be characterized the ways leading to obtain qualifications for doing teacher’s job, the regulations and important factors affecting the course and results of science teachers’ education. Then after discussing main principles governing science teachers’ education, their practical application will be presented based on the example of chemistry teachers’ education at M.C. Skłodowska University.

As results from the presented analysis the quality of science teachers education is mainly affected by the following factors:

-         suitable requirements concerning the way and conditions of teachers education resulting from the policy of given country in this respect;

-         proper choice of candidates for studies mainly conditioned by the situation in the society;

-         ways and conditions of education provided in individual universities.

A direct influence of science teachers’ educators is possible only for the last factor. Therefore proper planning of the teacher education process and providing good conditions at each university play an important role. This requires creating a team of people engaged in this kind of job and at the same time searching for better organization and teaching methods used in this process. Precise description of aims resulting from the professional profile of the science teacher is significant in planning of science teacher education. Its aim should be first of all acquisition of proper skills by the students, indispensable in work of prospective teachers. In this context development of international cooperation, thanks to which searching for common ways of more effective science teachers’ education is possible, assumes significant importance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38 - 48</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juris Porozovs</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COURSE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL AS AN EXAMPLE FOR ENLARGED SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occupational health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503927870.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the problems of Latvian educational system is teaching students to take care of their health themselves in the view of their professional career. It is necessary to choose a profession that is not only interesting, but also correspond to the person’s state of health. The factors of a harmful job can create a risk to the person’s health. In Latvia young people actually aren’t acquainted with the problems and harmful professional factors which can arise in the professional life in the future. This is why it is so important to include the course of Environment and occupational health in the secondary school teaching programs.

The results of the students’ questionnaire indicated their knowledge of professional health being incomplete. Individual discussions with students have shown that students don’t pay much attention to the issue of work environment of their future profession and that their attitude to the problem is not serious. At the same time it was ascertained that the state of health of a number of students may restrict their professional choice.

It was worked out the course Environment and occupational health and analysed a possibility of including the topics of the course in other science subjects such as biology, chemistry and physics. Such a course is a good example for enlarged science education at Upper secondary school level that makes science education more attractive.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36 - 43</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moonika Teppo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCREASING THE RELEVANCE OF SCIENCE EDUCATION – STUDENT PREFERENCES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEACHING SCENARIOS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">issue-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relevance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STL teaching scenarios</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928836.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The goal of this study was to determine which issues were relevant to students and the reasons for this. Issues were presented in the form of scenarios – as a story that leads students into learning science by considering the wider goals of education. Three different categories of scenarios were defined: subject oriented, social issue-based focused on student personal experience and social issue-based, focused on global societal problems. All scenarios were developed by science teachers during a STL training course.

Two hundred and seventy two grade seven to nine students from two schools (suburban town and city) were asked to choose and evaluate the three most interesting scenarios from nine. The results of the study showed gender based differences. Girls were interested in issues that were connected with their health and outlook. Boys liked to study more about the things, which happen in society.

If we use the scenario as a “model” for relevance of science education for students, the following conclusions can be highlighted: 

·        Boys and girls see the relevance of science education differently and this depends also on age group. It is important to consider gender differences and students age group in designing teaching scenarios for the classroom. For making teaching more relevant for students, teachers should create various types of scenarios. Girls like to study more about things, which are connected with them (with their health and how they look). Boys are more eager to learn about problems that happen in the society (economical and environmental problems);

·        Students’ and teacher’s opinions on relevance differ. 1/3 of teacher created scenarios, were irrelevant in the eyes of students.  The outcomes show that the most uninteresting scenarios belong to the subject-oriented category (54% of students who answered this question didn’t like the subject oriented scenarios);

·        Students free reasoning helps to develop frames for creating relevant scenarios for teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49 - 61</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN LITHUANIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL: SOME RELEVANT ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integral teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503927521.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The natural science education is one of the most important areas of general education which includes education of all children` ages. Trying to satisfy requirements of the society and all learners it is necessary to modernize the preparation of natural science teachers. Natural sciences are of great importance in helping students to form conception of world based on the knowledge of modern nature research, emphasizing the character of link between nature and society, as well as between nature and culture. Natural sciences education can be characterised by a variety of content provisions, forms and methods of teaching/learning, and practical activities. All these are expected to make the process more effective to widen intellectual knowledge and skills of students, to provide conditions for students activities, to develop students reasoning skills, to influence their aesthetical outlooks etc.

The aim of the article is to discuss some relevant questions on natural science education in Lithuanian comprehensive school which are of a philosophical – pedagogical character and observes the issues of teachers’ natural science literacy and integral education (teaching).

In conclusion, the following premises summarizing the earlier discussed ideas can be emphasized:

natural science literacy of natural subjects’ teachers working in Lithuanian secondary schools is insufficient;

contradictory statements of scientists - theoretics were revealed when discussing integrated natural science preparation of teachers;

teaching of integrated natural sciences subjects in Lithuanian comprehensive school must be inseparable from national - cultural and economical conditions of the country;

it is important to analyse the aims of integrated training, tasks, matter, methods, the questions of organization of the integrated teaching process etc. and to prepare teachers for general natural science education in comprehensive schools having a pedagogical profile, proposing priority to the methods applied for teaching natural sciences subjects;

it is advisable to raise the qualification of natural subjects teachers in the sphere of natural science providing appropriate courses, workshops etc.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44 - 55</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter van Marion</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION IN NORWAY. COUNTDOWN TO THE NEXT REFORM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928606.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrated science courses in grade 1-11 in the Norwegian school system include biology, chemistry, physics and earth science. The arguments used for integrated science are of scientific, pedagogical and practical nature. Between 1993 and 1997 primary and lower secondary education went through a comprehensive reform process and a new science curriculum was introduced. Until 1997 science in primary schools was not a separate subject, but part of an integrated subject including social studies. The reform of primary education resulted in re-establishment of science as a separate school subject. Another revision of the curricula of all school subjects will take place within a few years. The revision should pay special attention to the problem of overloaded science courses, not allowing for enough time for practical work, and to the need for a more coherent science curriculum for all stages from grade 1 to 13.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21 - 27</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicos Valanides</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTIVISM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180830.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An experimental setting was used in a class of 23 sixth-grade students to prompt discussions about shadows.  A rectangular wooden block with an incandescent electric lamp, mounted in the middle of each side, consisted the experimental setting.  Additionally, there was a fifth lamp that was positioned exactly above the house and could be removed at any time.  Each lamp could be replaced by other lamps of different colours and could be turned on and off independently.  A two-dimensional model of a house, made of opaque cardboard, was also mounted upright at the center of the wooden block.  The model showed a house with an inclined roof, a chimney, and one door and two windows that were represented using three movable pieces of cardboard.  Students were asked to predict the position and other characteristics of the shadow when (a) each one of the five lamps was turned on individually, and (b) two lamps mounted on opposing sides of the wooden block were turned on simultaneously.  Discussions were facilitated in order to create cognitive dissonance in students’ thinking and support the consequent psychological process of equilibration through a collaborative negotiation of students’ diverse understandings.  The transcribed discussions were analyzed in an attempt to exemplify the importance of the social interaction between students’ knowledge schemes and their experience with the environment (physical and human), as well as aspects of the scientific epistemology and their relevance to conceptual change. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50 - 58</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aadu Ott</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A CONCEPTUAL MATRIX FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactical matrix</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180078.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A conceptual matrix for science education is presented. It contains nine matrix elements, metaphysics, epistemology, ontology, praxis in classroom, content, theories of learning, teachers teaching, students learning and students preconceptions. These elements are linked to each other and constitute a didactical web. The elements in the matrix are regarded from three aspects, philosophical, operational, and interactive. The elements in the matrix and the aspects are discussed from a point of view in which the sociocultural perspective challenges the scientific paradigm of learning. The resulting standpoint is that it is fruitful in science education to utilize the sociocultural perspective in interaction with a constructivistic way of creating knowledge in order to extend the scientific paradigm for teaching and learning in science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7 - 15</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dear Readers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JBSE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610521875.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial for JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JBSE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610522115.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial for JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrejs Geske</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Kangro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATION OF LATVIA’S SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE IEA TIMSS AND OECD PISA FRAMEWORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international comparative education research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article deals with the two largest international comparative studies in science, the first cycles of which took place in the last years of the previous century and which go on today as well - IEA TIMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science Study) and OECD PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment). The average achievements of Latvia’s students in science in each of the studies are different but the general situation of science education in Latvia is satisfactory and corresponding to our economic situation. We support the opinion that improving of Latvia’s economics and correct developing of the country’s educational system will advance students’ achievements. At the same time there are several spheres, which need immediate improvement. Especially, it concerns our students’ skills to apply the knowledge gained in science lessons to real life situations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 66</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmae</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS CHANGE TOWARDS STL TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504181071.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper describes the effectiveness of the intervention training and draws attention to the most important factors to be considered in developing service programmes for the promotion of STL teaching skills. STL is taken to mean developing the ability to creatively utilise sound science knowledge in everyday life to solve problems, make decisions and improve the quality of life.  The STL study was divided into three phases: teaching based on STL materials supplied to teachers, a six month active involvement through workshops where teachers developed and tried out their own STL materials and a follow up allowing the application of the skills acquired during the intervention. STL materials were defined as materials, of social issue, based, student-centred decision-making, and/or problem-solving units, within curriculum topics (Holbrook&amp;Rannikmäe, 1997). Altogether, 45 science teachers and 1163 students were involved in the study.

As a result of the 6 months intervention period it was found that the major factor illustrating effectiveness of a teacher developed STL materials was their ownership of STL teaching, expressed in terms of the ability to develop consequence maps. The structure of the consequence maps was used to distinguish three categories of teachers: subject learning activity based, with dominance on facts and concepts; sequenced activity based, with emphasis on process skills; social issue based, including problem-solving and decision-making strategies. Data collected 10 months after the intervention had indicated the need for re-categorisation of teachers, because the extent of the teacher change was not sustained and ownership of STL decreased. Three new categories were found based on teacher’s perception of relevance of science education: motivational relevance, skills relevance and social relevance.

The effectiveness of the intervention programme was obvious: teachers who acknowledged the need for teaching social skills in conjunction with science concepts and process skills, continued to embed these ideas into their teaching ten months after the intervention. The sustained change was illustrated by phenomenographical outcome space (Marton, 1981). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Björn Andersson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frank Bach</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann Zetterqvist</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERSTANDING GLOBAL AND PERSONAL USE OF ENERGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching programs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180554.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In  this  article  we  report  an  investigation  of  some  aspects  of  students’ understanding  of the energy flow on earth and how people  might  economize on energy in their daily life. The method chosen is  to  give  the  students  pen-and-paper  faste tasks  of  the  open-answer  type.  The  written  responses  are analysed qualitatively. Categories  and  other  details  in  the  analysis  are  not decided in  advance  but  formed  through  interaction  with  the  actual  replies. The  investigation  has  been  part  of  a  Swedish  national  evaluation  made  in 1995 and 1998,  mainly involving  students aged 16 and 19. The results  show, among  other things,  that students describe only  a  few steps  and branches in the  energy flow on earth,   grossly  underestimate man’s use of  fossil  energy and  grossly overestimate the  global use of nuclear  energy.  Students'  answers concerning  economizing  on  energy on  the  personal level  concentrate  on  the use  of  electricity  for  lightin   and  housework.  Curricular  implications  of results  obtained  are  discussed, and  the  concept  ‘orientation  pattern’  is introduced as a tool that might help students improve their understanding   of the world around them.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4 - 18</style></section></record></records></xml>