<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arunee Eambaipreuk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narumon Emarat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kwan Arayathanitkul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUPPORTING CONCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE PROGRESSION: INTEGRATING FLIPPED DESIGN AND PEER INSTRUCTION INTO  AN UPPER-SECONDARY PHYSICS TUTORIAL MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flipped design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">peer instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics tutorials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOLO taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/987-1789235123.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A tutorial model for upper-secondary physics that combines peer instruction and a flipped design was developed to replace a lecture-based teaching approach. Implemented in two upper-secondary schools (N = 149), the intervention integrated pre-class preparation, structured worksheets, demonstrations, peer discussions, and mini-laboratories. Learning outcomes were evaluated through pre/post-tests, SOLO taxonomy coding, and semi-structured interviews, with test and interview protocols thoroughly examined for content validity (IOC = 0.73) and reliability (KR-20 = 0.78). A paired-samples t-test indicated significant improvements in students' conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills (p &lt; .001, Cohen’s d = 3.72 and 5.21), alongside substantial normalized gains (g = 0.76 and 0.77). Consistent with these quantitative results, SOLO analysis revealed a progression from prestructural and unistructural reasoning toward predominantly relational reasoning across the three physics topics. Thematic analysis of interview data (n = 34) further suggested that scaffolded worksheets and collaborative sense-making appeared to help students overcome cognitive bottlenecks, while also showing positive links to their engagement and confidence. Together, these findings suggest that a tutorial model integrating peer instruction and a flipped design can offer a viable pedagogical strategy for supporting conceptual and cognitive progression in physics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">617-630</style></section></record></records></xml>