<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chelcea Mae Lagmay Darang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiyoung Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF REDUCED EDUCATIONAL TIME ON PERFORMANCE, CONFIDENCE, AND METACOGNITIVE ACCURACY IN LOWER SECONDARY GENETICS LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confidence-performance calibration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive accuracy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765164</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curriculum reforms in the Philippines, including the MATATAG curriculum, have reduced scheduled educational time in lower secondary science, raising questions about their impact on learning and metacognition.  This study examined the impact of reduced educational time, specifically the shift from 60 minutes to 45 minutes per genetic lesson, on students’ performance, confidence, and metacognitive accuracy in a lower secondary science context. Using a cohort-comparison design, data were collected from Grade 9 students across two school years. Student performance was assessed through a genetics test, while confidence ratings captured metacognitive accuracy. Pearson correlations examined confidence–performance alignment, and Welch’s t-tests compared cohort and gender differences. Teacher perceptions were gathered through open-ended surveys. Results showed that the students who received longer lessons achieved higher performance and demonstrated stronger confidence-performance calibration, whereas students who experienced shorter lessons achieved lower performance and exhibited overconfidence. Gender differences appeared only in the 2023 cohort, with females outperforming males. Teacher accounts confirmed that shortened lessons reduced opportunities for interaction, feedback, and reflection. The findings highlight that educational time is both an academic and metacognitive resource. Safeguarding opportunities for reflection and feedback is essential to support accurate self-monitoring and sustainable learning in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-21</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yakup Saban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bülent Aydoğdu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rıdvan Elmas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER EFFECTS ON 5TH GRADER'S ACQUISITION OF SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN A SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOOD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender in science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686680.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science process skills (SPSs) play a significant role in science education. This research aimed to determine the acquisition level of 5th-grade students in SPSs with classroom activities. The research was a case study, and the data were collected by focus group interviews, document analysis, and observations. The sample of the research was six students from the fifth grade selected based on maximum variation sampling. Science process skills focused worksheets, focus group interview schedule, and observation forms were used as data collection tools. As a result, it was found out that the students were at the average or above the average level in observing, predicting, measuring, comparing and classifying skills; and they were at below the average level in inferring, organizing data, identifying and using experimental materials, processing data and formulating models, controlling variables, experimenting, interpreting and inferring. Also, it was determined that students with high academic achievement have more acquisition in SPSs. Besides, it was found out that the development of SPSs is gender neutral, it depends on the number of activities that are made in the classroom and what is the role of the students in these activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">607-619</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miro Puhek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matej Perše</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARISON BETWEEN A REAL FIELD TRIP AND A VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP IN A NATURE PRESERVE: KNOWLEDGE GAINED IN BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge gain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual field trip</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167662.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research presents a case study in the scope of which real and virtual field trips have been compared. The emphasis was on determining the levels of knowledge gain effectiveness in the fields of biology and ecology. A pre-existing natural trail in the protected area of Maribor Island was chosen and digitized for the purposes of the study. During the development of the virtual trail, real fieldwork was simulated in order to ensure a valid comparison. In the spring of 2011, field exercise tests were conducted by means of a study sample consisting of 211 (8th grade) lower secondary school students.
The results have generally shown minute differences between the levels of knowledge acquisition effectiveness between both field trips. The results have also led to the conclusion that the students participating in the real field trip were more successful in their performance regarding the exercises they had been assigned, which included real objects serving as tools supporting the students in their observation and investigation endeavours. On the other hand, the students participating in the virtual field trip were more successful with regard to computer-assisted exercises, where they were able to access additional information on more complex processes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164-174 </style></section></record></records></xml>