<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paken Pandiangan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Gusti Made Sanjaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE VALIDITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICS INDEPENDENT LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE PHYSICS PROBLEM SOLVING AND SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">magnetism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model validity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PIL model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-directed learning skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213674.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Physics Independent Learning (PIL) model is an authentic problem-based model designed teaching guide for improving self-directed learning and problem-solving skills in open and distance education. This research is aimed to analyze the validity and effectiveness of PIL model. This research was conducted using focus group discussions of experts that consisted of three science education experts and applies quasi-experiment of one group pre-test and post-test design to 144 students in East Java, Indonesia. Before applying the lesson using the PIL model, the students are given pre-test and after accomplishing the learning, the students are given post-test. The data collected from pre-test and post-test then is further analyzed by means of validity coefficient (rα), Cronbach’s alpha (α), pair t-test, n-gain and ANOVA. The result of research shows that rα = .75 and α = .92 is for content validity; rα = .79 and   α = .99 is for construct validity, so that PIL model is validity and reliability qualified. In addition, there are increasing scores of physics problem solving skills and self-directed learning skills of α = 5% with moderate category of n-gain consistent in a limited trial test and of high category in a broader trial test for all groups.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">651-665</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serap   Ergin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şengül Atasoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 4MAT TEACHING METHOD IN REMOVING PUPILS’ PHYSICS MISCONCEPTIONS OF ELECTRICITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4MAT teaching method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ninth grade pupils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811268.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to determine pupils’ misconceptions about the electricity and the effects of 4MAT teaching method on these misconceptions. For this purpose, a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design was adopted and a three tier test with a sample of 100 ninth grade pupils was used to detect pupils’ misconceptions about the electricity. The analysis of the data showed that pupils have the following misconceptions; local reasoning, attenuation model, empirical rule model, shared current model, current-potential difference confusion, short circuit misconception, current flow as water flow, power supply as a constant current source model and sequential reasoning etc. It was determined that the frequency of most of the misconceptions decreased after the application of the innovation. A greater fall was observed in the experimental group which suggests that the 4MAT teaching method was more effective than the traditional method in reducing misconceptions. Based on the results of this study, investigation of the effects of 4MAT teaching method on other complicated subjects of physics such as magnetism, regular circular momentum is suggested for further studies. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">730-746</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esra Bilal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Erol</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF TEACHING VIA MODELING ON ACHIEVEMENT AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING CONCERNING ELECTRICITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168282.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of teaching via modeling on academic achievement and conceptual understanding concerning some selected undergraduate electricity topics. Dependent variables of the research are academic achievement and conceptual understanding. Academic success was measured by using Electricity Success Test and Electricity Classical Exam and conceptual understanding on the other hand was measured by using an Electricity Concept Test. A total number of 41 students attended the research, 21 of the students were in the modeling group and 20 of the students were in the control group. The study was carried out experimentally by means of pre test-post test research design. In conclusion it is found that teaching via modeling method meaningfully enhances the academic achievement and conceptual understanding.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">236-247 </style></section></record></records></xml>