<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heilo Altin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margus Pedaste</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING APPROACHES TO APPLYING ROBOTICS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructionism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational robotics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEGO Mindstorms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808570.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The methodology and ideas behind educational robotics arise from the 1960s, when the first hardware platforms together with computers were used in research studies in schools. Since the 1990s, the market for educational robotics has grown, and there are many solutions available to use in schools. Despite a wide variety of platform approaches for using robots in education, they are still based on ideas that are decades old. This study evaluates different approaches used nowadays to teach with robots. Problem-based, constructionist, and competition-based learning are identified as the most common uses of robots under observation. Each approach is analysed qualitatively based on the published literature. Each has positive and negative properties; though none have been studied thoroughly using quantitative methods. Results indicate that all these approaches are used in schools with robots interdisciplinary. The current reasons for using robots are based mostly on teachers’ and students’ impressions. However, robotics can be seen as a “tool” to create many approaches to science education, such as inquiry learning and problem solving.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">365-377 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eylem Yıldız Feyzioğlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS AS BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTIVIST-BASED EDUCATION REFORM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching Science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168866.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new Science and Technology program had been applied in Turkey since 2005. Constructivism has been the predominant influence on the program. Accordingly, science teachers are expected to have beliefs that are consistent with constructivism. However, the question of “what are the Turkish science teachers’ beliefs” is important because, the success of the program is dependent upon the teachers’ beliefs. This paper reports on the investigation of the science teachers’ beliefs about teaching science, learning science and managing behavior problems and any relationships among these belief systems. Data were collected through interviews with 18 science teachers. Results indicated that most of the science teachers held transitive beliefs about teaching science, and traditional beliefs about learning science and managing behavior problems. While teachers with 1-10 years experiences held a constructivist belief, this belief gave way to traditional belief as the teaching experience advanced. Beliefs of teachers were both interrelated and nested.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302-317 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilge Taskin-Can</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PERCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS CONCERNING CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVES TO TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education program</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547572.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservice teachers begin their careers with their attitudes and perceptions about the profession. The purpose of this study is to identify how a four-semester teacher education program helps pre-service teachers’ perceptions about constructivist teaching and learning to change as they progress through the program. The participants of the study included a total of 194 science preservice teachers in four different semesters of their teacher preparation program. The instrument used in this study was the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES). One way ANOVA was used to identify patterns within cohorts regarding preservice teachers’ beliefs about constructivist strategies. Major findings indicated that although there were statistically different subscales of Shared Control and Critical Voice, in general preservice science teachers hold teacher centered beliefs. Based on these findings, it is possible to say that traditional teacher centered education have been carried on under the name of constructivism in Turkish teaching education programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">219-228</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Seker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILL THE CONTRUCTIVIST APPROACH EMPLOYED IN SCIENCE TEACHING CHANGE THE “GRAMMAR” OF SCHOOLING?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720152.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to describe the extent to which constructive approach in Primary School Science and Technology subject programme is reflected in the classroom atmosphere. For this purpose, the study investigates how students perceive cooperativeness in the classroom, order and student involvement, teacher involvement and support and which factor(s) in the new programme are thought to be better than the ones in the old programme. The present study where descriptive method was applied was carried out with 371 fifth grade students. In the study, Classroom Environment Scale was used. The students positively perceive the new classroom environment where the new Science and Technology subject programme is applied. The findings obtained from the study indicate the reflections of constructivist approach in the classroom environment and considerable presence of behaviourism as well. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-184</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orhan Akinoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynep Yasar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF NOTE TAKING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION THROUGH THE MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND CONCEPT LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mind-mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">taking notes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288606.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to determine the effects of note taking during their science courses through the technique of mind mapping by primary education students, on their attitudes, academic achievement and concept learning. In the study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. In the quantitative research area, the pre-test and post-test assessment model with experiment and control groups was used. In the qualitative research area, document analyses were made. The research was performed on 81 randomly chosen 6th (ages 11 and 12) grade students from public schools in the district of Fatih, Istanbul during the scholastic year 2004-2005. The application period took 21 course hours in total. The reliability coefficient of the academic achievement test, which was one the three measurement instruments, was calculated as KR20=0, 73. The Cronbach of the scale for the attitudes towards science courses, developed by Akinoglu (2001). is α= 0, 89. The open-ended questions used in the research were qualitatively encoded by means of open-codification method. On the basis of the data obtained in the research, it was determined that there was a significant positive difference in students’ concept learning, overcoming misconceptions, academic achievement and attitudes towards science courses by taking notes through the mind-mapping method.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-43</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gul Unal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ercan Akpinar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TO WHAT EXTENT SCIENCE TEACHERS ARE CONSTRUCTIVIST IN THEIR CLASSROOMS?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234765.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The primary science curricula have strong constructivist elements since 2000 in Turkey. As the creator of the learning environments it is the teacher who determines its quality. The purpose of this research is to determine if science teachers’ behaviour and thoughts are consistent with what the primary science curriculum in essence offers. The research was conducted with two researchers based on a qualitative design consisting of observation and interview with primary science teachers of Turkey. At the end, it was found that, although science teachers have constructivist ideas they do not behave in constructivist manner in the classroom. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40-50</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicos Valanides</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTIVISM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180830.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An experimental setting was used in a class of 23 sixth-grade students to prompt discussions about shadows.  A rectangular wooden block with an incandescent electric lamp, mounted in the middle of each side, consisted the experimental setting.  Additionally, there was a fifth lamp that was positioned exactly above the house and could be removed at any time.  Each lamp could be replaced by other lamps of different colours and could be turned on and off independently.  A two-dimensional model of a house, made of opaque cardboard, was also mounted upright at the center of the wooden block.  The model showed a house with an inclined roof, a chimney, and one door and two windows that were represented using three movable pieces of cardboard.  Students were asked to predict the position and other characteristics of the shadow when (a) each one of the five lamps was turned on individually, and (b) two lamps mounted on opposing sides of the wooden block were turned on simultaneously.  Discussions were facilitated in order to create cognitive dissonance in students’ thinking and support the consequent psychological process of equilibration through a collaborative negotiation of students’ diverse understandings.  The transcribed discussions were analyzed in an attempt to exemplify the importance of the social interaction between students’ knowledge schemes and their experience with the environment (physical and human), as well as aspects of the scientific epistemology and their relevance to conceptual change. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50 - 58</style></section></record></records></xml>