@article {394,
	title = {PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN{\textquoteright}S IDEAS OF MIXING AND OF HEAT AS EXPRESSED IN A CLASSROOM SETTING},
	journal = {Journal of Baltic Science Education},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2014},
	month = {October/2014},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {726{\textendash}739 },
	abstract = {This study investigates primary school children{\textquoteright}s (7-8 year-old, N = 25) ideas of mixing of marbles and of heat, expressed in small-group predict-observe-explain exercises, and drawings representing the children{\textquoteright}s own analogies in a classroom setting. The children were typically found to predict that marbles of two different colours would mix when rocked back and forth on a board. This idea of mixing is slightly more advanced than previously reported in the literature. The children{\textquoteright}s ideas of heat included reference to warm objects, their own bodies when exercising, and the process of one warm solid object heating another object in direct contact. In addition, through scaffolding, some of the children expressed a substance view of heat. Finally, the potential and challenges in probing children{\textquoteright}s ideas through a combination of data collection techniques in a classroom setting are reflected upon.},
	keywords = {children{\textquoteright}s ideas, classroom setting, primary school},
	issn = {1648-3898},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/14.13.726 },
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981715.pdf},
	author = {Jesper Haglund and Fredrik Jeppsson and Johanna Andersson}
}
@article {348,
	title = {PUPILS{\textquoteright} EARLY EXPLORATIONS OF THERMOIMAGING TO INTERPRET HEAT AND TEMPERATURE},
	journal = {Journal of Baltic Science Education},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2014},
	month = {February/2014},
	pages = {Continuous},
	type = {Original article},
	chapter = {118-132},
	abstract = {In thermodynamics teaching, pupils have been found to confuse temperature and heat, and to conceive touch as an infallible thermometer. This study explored the potential of combining the sense of touch with infrared (IR) thermal imaging on pupils{\textquoteright} understanding of heat and temperature. Eight 7th-grade pupils (12-13 years old) worked in pairs across three laboratory exercises (real-time IR imaging, static IR images, or thermometers) to predict, observe and explain (POE) the temperatures of different objects. An anomaly between perceived {\textquoteleft}coldness{\textquoteright} and measured temperature was induced among the pupils, but they did not manage to resolve this cognitive conflict. The pupils observed the objects getting warmer and increasing in temperature, but did not explain the experiments as involving a heat flow from their bodies to the objects. Successful explanation might require a combination of thermal imaging and the explicit introduction of a simple heat-flow model.},
	keywords = {multisensory experience, predict-observe-explain (POE), thermal imaging},
	issn = {1648-3898},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/14.13.118},
	url = {http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062546.pdf},
	author = {Konrad Sch{\"o}nborn and Jesper Haglund and Charles Xie}
}
