<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maja Kerneža</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dario Assante</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tija Zirina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Vigule</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Gürkan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dursun Ucan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ihsan Metinnam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fikret Yildiz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özlem Alp</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REUSING WASTE MATERIALS IN ART EDUCATION ACROSS FOUR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-national comparison</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-methods research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable art education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">waste materials</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4771001</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The uneven and often unsupported reuse of waste materials in art education highlights a gap in understanding how teachers integrate sustainable practices across different national contexts. This study examines how teachers in four European countries perceive and implement the reuse of waste materials in art education. Conducted within the international Waste to Art project, the research seeks to identify teachers’ practices, knowledge of material properties, perceived barriers, and the types of materials most frequently reused. A mixed-method design was applied, combining Likert-scale items with open-ended questions. The sample included 357 teachers from Italy, Latvia, Slovenia, and Türkiye, representing varied educational levels and experience. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. The findings show national differences. Italian and Turkish teachers reported higher confidence and more frequent reuse, Slovenian teachers demonstrated lower integration and greater caution, and Lithuanian teachers expressed solid knowledge but highlighted a lack of methodological examples. Across countries, teachers identified similar barriers, most often limited storage, time constraints, safety concerns, and insufficient institutional support. Paper and plastic were the most reused materials, alongside national specificities such as Lithuania’s reliance on natural materials and textiles and the frequent use of metal in Italy and Slovenia. The findings indicate that sustainable art education cannot rely solely on individual teacher motivation. Systemic support through infrastructure, curricular alignment and professional development is needed to move the reuse of waste materials from isolated practices to a regular and well-supported part of art education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">122-136</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM OR STEAM IN THE ERA OF AI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial intelligence (AI)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">linguistics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neuroscience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-oriented education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/457-1789647402.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When we talk about technology-oriented education in the 21st century, it is necessary to distinguish certain directions of this education worldwide. As early as the 20th century, we began to see again that the division and partialization of science into narrow scientific fields caused more harm than good in science, and especially in education. The first real step towards reintegrating scientific fields was in the 50s. In the 20th century, in response to the cybernetics movement and strict behaviorism, an integrative science called Cognitive science provided an understanding of how cognitive processes work in our brains. It is an interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind, the brain, and intelligent systems. At its core, cognitive science is based on the assumption that &quot;thinking is the processing of information.&quot; The mind is modeled by cognitive science as a system that relies on representational structures and computational procedures to convert sensory inputs into behavioral outputs. It explores how humans, and in the technological age, also machines, perceive, learn, reason, and remember. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">548-551</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maja Kerneža</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dejan Zemljak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polona Legvart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helena Konšak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakan Sari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ildiko Hanuliakova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreta Huber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inga Laurusone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kübra Terzioglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metin Kilic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN WITHIN THE INTREF PROJECT FRAMEWORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">individualization of education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integration practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intercultural competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">refugee children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1728583607.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amidst growing migratory movements and hurdles of assimilation, the INTREF initiative strives to craft a comprehensive strategy for the schooling of refugee children, melding e-learning, emotional and social support, along with adaptable teaching methods. This endeavor learns on principles like linguistic diversity, cross-cultural skills, and customizing the educational journey, crucial for assimilation and triumph within academic settings. Studies indicate the indispensability of bespoke linguistic assistance, cognizance of cultural variances, and personalized educational tactics for the seamless school transition and societal assimilation of children in refuge. The project devised a survey instrument aimed at evaluating the baseline educational scenario in the participating nations and formulating education plans tailored to specific needs. This survey zeroes on four pivotal areas: linguistic proficiency, cross-cultural consciousness, embracing diversity, and pedagogical customization. Feedback from 31 students, 30 teachers and 28 parents revealed a pressing need for augmented linguistic aid in Slovenia, heightened cross-cultural understanding, and classroom method modification to enrich the academic experiences of culturally diverse children. The findings also underscore a discernible discrepancy between the perspectives of educators versus those of parents and children. The insights from this survey lay the groundwork for creating innovative instructional units and resources, finely adapted to the needs of children in refuge. By forging links between theoretical insights and practical application, as well as among various educational stakeholders, INTREF is ready to enrich the discourse and practices surrounding inclusivity, and endeavor made increasingly pertinent by the recent global disruptions, including the migratory dilemma and the COVID-19 outbreak. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">658-671</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY AND EDUCATION THROUGH TIME</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21st-century society</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contemporary society</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">industrial era</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligent society</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1734857841.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The development of humanity and society, we are talking about space (planet Earth) and a period of about 25 billion years. In physics, spacetime is any mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. There were permanent changes in this spacetime, but they were slow, homogeneous, unified and merged with the environment. With technology, man initiated this change process monotonously, homogeneously and continuously. This process, if it mostly obeyed the laws of nature, took place in harmony with the other users of our natural space, but the space changed from a natural to a social environment gradually.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">785-800</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE AND THE ARTIFICIAL LIFE FORM (ALF)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial intelligence (AI)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial life form (ALF)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic laws of robotics (ALF)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1677582566.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">According to these two assertions, one may ask the ultimate, though simplified, question: From whom will this artificial intelligence (AI) or artificial life form (ALF) learn, from whom will it receive human knowledge (or knowledge in general), and, in terms of simplified ethical norms – whom will the ALF believe if it has two possibilities, Asimov, or Tilden (Aberšek, et al., 2023)?</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-8</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE, CRITICAL THINKING, MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multi-attribute problem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">objective observation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systematic methodology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/457-1662400681.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence. Science includes scientific methods such as objective observation, which refers to measurement and data (possibly, although not necessarily, using mathematics as a tool), evidence, experiment, critical analysis, and verification. The four major branches of science are: mathematics and logic, biological science, physical science, and social science. The key words that best define science are thus: 

objective observation + evidence-based approach + application of scientific methods = general truths

The basic problem of such an explanation of science lies in the very definition of what general truths are, what kind of evidence is required to prove them, and how to arrive to this kind of evidence through objective observation. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">494-498</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PARADOX BETWEEN TRUTH AND LIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moravec’s paradox</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multifarious publications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simpson’s paradox</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1639553753.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In today’s age of fast and multifarious publications, we often come across such paradoxes, for example, that research and statistical analysis may indeed have been carried out correctly (properly), but the interpretation of the results is inadequate, or even incorrect, or misleading. To relate this hypothesis to Moravec’s paradox, one could reformulate the latter by saying that ‘to do research is easy; to discuss results is difficult’. But why is this so? Let us consider this issue from the perspective of another paradox, Simpson’s paradox. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">834-837</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING WITH ANALOGIES: EXAMPLES OF A SELF-HEALING POROUS MATERIAL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual representation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">effective analogy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">initial models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstract.php?icid=1203599</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As disciplines reach maturity, a dynamic meta-structure is needed, which facilitates merging and new divisions of disciplines. Under such a meta-structure, the disciplines propel the evolution of knowledge, but adapt themselves when driving forces emerge sufficient to provoke their adaptation (Suarez-Orozco, Satin-Bajaj, 2010). This means that on the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education must give transdisciplinary view (Flogie, Aberšek, 2015). Science-education research studies and STEM teachers’ classroom experiences have shown that analogies and transdisciplinar point of view, when used properly, can help make science concepts meaningful to students. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-7</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHANGING EDUCATIONAL THEORY AND PRACTICE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive neuroeducation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognitive Science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational systems</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1441441743.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How do we think, how do we learn, memorize and dream, how does pleasure come to be, where are the emotions hidden and how do we reach decisions? Cognitive science and neuroscience tries to answer such questions. It tackles the fields of the human mind in an interdisciplinary, even transdisciplinary way – by connecting discoveries from all the disciplines that could shed light on cognitive occurrences. Cognitive science brings together psychology, philosophy, linguistics, artificial intelligence, social sciences and many others. It tries to deal with mental processes in a holistic way and to create a deeper understanding of the field that is empirically closest to us.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Majda   Fiksl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLASSROOM CLIMATE AS A PART OF CONTEMPORARY DIDACTICAL APPROACHES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom atmosphere</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure of education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1422203675.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To achieve successful teaching in the 21st century school, teachers must change their didactical approaches in order to create a stimulating pro-activeness in a pleasant classroom climate for better development of student’s achievement. A classroom climate in the present research means the combination of variables within a classroom that work together to promote learning in a comfortable environment. In the present research, classroom’s climate will be evaluated, and what kind of influence different didactical approaches have on the atmosphere in the classroom. The classroom climate of two 6th grade classes at a lower secondary school will be studied: a class with traditional methods of teaching and a class with innovative methods, as regards searching for ideas, monitoring the students’ progress and giving instructions. Students in both classes filled out a questionnaire with thirteen statements, which included three dimensions of a classroom atmosphere: personal relationship, contribution to the class and research work. The results confirmed a change in the perception of the classroom climate, depending on different innovative didactical approaches. The values of individual dimensions are higher in the class with innovative methods, which was confirmed with a better atmosphere in this class and an increased activeness of the students. When introducing changes in an educational process, it is necessary to establish a positive classroom atmosphere. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28-36</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej   Šafhalter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Srečko   Glodež</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karin  Bakračevič  Vukman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING SPATIAL ABILITY USING 3D MODELING IN LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial ability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visualization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1422204168.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years 3D modeling has been increasingly utilized during product design in lower secondary schools as well. Its greatest advantage over classical technical drawing and 2D drawing software lies in the fact students are able to observe the object they are designing from all the viewpoints of a virtual three-dimensional space. Since thinking and visualization in the process of object design also appear in three dimensions, the mental manipulation and guesswork required from students in order to add another dimension to an object pictured on a level plane are no longer necessary. Additionally, 3D modeling has a range of contributions to the cognitive development of children, which was also the subject of this research. The central question raised was whether students are able to improve their spatial ability by using modeling tools. The research included 196 students aged between 11– 15 years, of which 95 were placed in the experimental group and 101 in the control group. Spatial ability was measured using pre-test and post-test. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-120</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERDISCIPLINARITY IN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive modelling in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive scientists</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1422203467.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questions about the nature of the teaching/learning process originate in ancient Greek philosophy. What is the role of language? What is the relationship between the individuals? Are we free in our choices? Important ancient philosophers, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle and Lucretius answered these questions in different ways, while Descartes, Spinoza, Hume, Kant and many others continued where they left off. Even today in the Age of Technology, contemporary researchers from the fields of philosophy, cognitive science, neurobiology, and artificial intelligence ask similar, albeit technologically informed, questions. Among these, there are also questions about the relationship between humans and machines, and implications which they carry for solving traditional problems within philosophy, i.e. the mind-body problem, mental causation problem and the problem of consciousness. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-8</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samo   Kralj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irena Kralj</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERPLAY BETWEEN ART AND SCIENCE IN EDUCATION: “MUSIC” BASED APPROACH IN NANOSCIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">liquid crystalline shells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soft materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">topological defects</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1422203894.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Music can be viewed as a structure formed by notes. Different structures in music have potential to yield enormously rich diversity of different melodies. Music is a typical example where a structure defines a property. Similar concepts could be also exploited in education, in presented case in nano-sciences, which are typical representatives of soft materials the structure of which can be strongly manipulated with local geometry and presence of appropriate nanoparticles. The objects of study, named also LC shells, will be exploited as basic unit elements for future soft colloidal crystals. A different arrangement of colloids within the crystal would result in different physical properties in a similar way as different packing of atoms results in different crystals made of real atoms. In presented research will be demonstrated, how relevant basic mechanisms in thin films of nematic liquid crystals could be explained in a classroom and used as a case study, also for explanation of many other physical properties. This research topic is still in its infancy. At this stage only various defect structures in relatively simple geometries (spherical and elliptical) will be analyzed. There is a need to find simple ways to control sensitively the valence of LC shells and in particular to develop strategies to assemble them in crystal structures of desired symmetry. This would allow tailoring specific optical dispersion relations or other physical property of interest and make new ways to teach different physical properties on the »music« based approach. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67-76</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosta   Dolenc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Igor Pesek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODULAR AND BRANCHED STRUCTURE OF INDIVIDUALIZED INTELLIGENT E-LEARNING MATERIALS FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">individualized e-learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligent system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metadata</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1420056537.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-learning and online education offers important opportunities for educators as well as for students. Traditional e-materials, as they are known today, do not allow the recognition of different parameters, such as: learning differences, prior knowledge, learning capabilities, learning environment, styles of learning, etc. Because e-materials are structured in such a way they cannot be successfully adapted for learners who consequently cannot control their own learning (Berge, 2002; Picciano, 2000; Saba, 2002). Such a result offers, among others, a highly anti-motivational effect. The preparation of modern e-materials therefore requires a thorough preparation in terms of content and design, which has to be (mostly) based on pedagogical and didactic theories. Modern e-materials, which can also be named educational e-materials, are usually accessible online (internet-based training (IBT), web-based training (WBT), online education, etc.), they enable and encourage self-learning, they are flexible, dynamic, interactive, use different types of media, individualized and adapted to the user’s needs. Mostly the latter characteristic will receive special attention in the following research.  </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16-24</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janez  Bregant</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ARCHITECTURE OF A SCHOOL SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theory of dynamical system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1413727721.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From the experience of recent years it seems clear that the existing educational system, as a whole, is perceived as an ailing system that fails to meet the needs of a major portion of the society it serves. Every aspect of the educational process must be studied and reconsidered in the light of new and different societal expectations. In the last decades we started with one school reform after the other, but it looks now that these changes had no positive impact whatsoever. Even worse, the school system was damaged afterwards. 
 In this paper we will explore some possibilities how to improve it without facing these consequences. The main idea is, as a result of our latest research, that mathematical methods for describing and simulating could be very useful for predicting and simulating school systems without using a long term and complex empirical experimentation. The paper introduces the correlation between the dynamical mathematical calculus and the educational school system and elaborates to some extent the basic idea of using the former to predict the latter.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-14</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brigita   Polanec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Srečko   Glodež</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATION OF PROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT BASED ON NON-FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">informal education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1413728459.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present work gives methods on how available information can be presented to as many people as possible in a way that will allow them to assimilate that knowledge. The most appropriate forms of education for the concrete target group are included in informal education. Informal education is divided into informal general education and informal education for the profession or for the professional work. The fact, regarding the method of giving information, has to be considered that people differ from each other, and in accordance with this, it makes a difference as to how they perceive certain information. Regarding this, the forms and methods of education have to be adapted to different types of people. Elements such as people's levels of concentration, motivation, non-linear receipt of information, stability of information and obtaining of knowledge are looked at more closely. The rapid development of science and new technology brings with it many opportunities for those who are learning on the one hand, and for those who are working on programs for education on the other hand. Information technology has also led to the development of various educational methods; one of them is the method of e-learning. This paper will discuss the mechanism of informal education called microtraining. The concept of micro training provides information in short bursts (about 15 to 20 minutes long), concisely and in an interesting way. Knowledge has become the main product of micro training in specific fields.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116-122</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosta   Dolenc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATION OF DESIGN, MODELING AND VISUALIZATION IN SLOVENIAN PRIMARY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design and technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial intelligence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1413727915.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A human being perceives the world spatially, he detects and properly processes distances, size of objects, their shapes and all that is linked to our perceptions of the world. Humans' sensors provide the information about the world around and brain translates this information into thoughts, into ideas. The whole process is completely natural. In the past, due to technological limitations, the human attempted to generalize these ideas and convert them into a form so that he could &quot;record&quot; it on a flat medium, like on paper for example, and because of that he consequently had to develop the ability to &quot;read” these records. The term spatial perception was introduced and after that it was established that not everyone has it. To possess spatial perception an abstract way of thinking and higher cognitive abilities are needed. This paper presents an integration of design, three dimensional (3D) modeling and visualization program SketchUp in Design and technology curriculum into Slovenian primary schools. Emphasis is given to the analysis of the past and current condition and situation and on the incorporation of the program into the primary school curriculum. With the strategy assigned in such a way, the abilities that are connected with technological activities are strengthened, spatial intelligence is developed and assimilated. With such an approach two of the key European competences: 1. Mathematical competence and 2. Basic competences in science and technology and digital literacy, are acquired and reinforced.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-42</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHILOSOPHY OF MIND AND COGNITIVE MODELLING IN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">philosophy of mind</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1413727678.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the main reasons there is so much junk in education is that there are so few people who know enough about education and about the sciences that support education, i.e. philosophy, cognitive and neuroscience to put the thing together. Educators have been reliant upon others’ expertise for the interpretations from contemporary science hence have not been able to discern whether the claims made are valid or invalid representations of the research. Without a direct access to the primary research educators may be at risk of misusing results from this advanced research. The need for so called ‘mediator’ in the translation of research to practice has led to a situation where the application of cognitive neuroscience research findings is running ahead of the research itself.
 The overall objective is to produce an integrated approach to problems of connection Education with the contemporary knowledge from the area of Philosophy of Mind, Cognitive Science, Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognitive modelling and Artificial Intelligence.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janez  Bregant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VERSUS HUMAN TALENTS IN LEARNING PROCESS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">brain based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligent tutors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1408435723.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To highlight the differences between conventional educational systems and CBLS - computer based learning systems. It is useful to consider CBLS, as the class of a system most closely related to artificial intelligence - AI. In such a system, the ultimate goal is to create a virtual duplicate of reality for learning, analysis, training, experimentation, or other purposes. Simulating reality is an approach that may or may not be useful at creating experience. This distinction yield several consequences. In CBLS, behaviour should be as realistic as possible, the representation of environment tends to be uniform and consistent and allowing users to act freely within that environment. 
 To teach users through realistic experience CBLS design techniques can make the experience much more memorable. In such an environment the context and control afforded by design techniques allow the integration of technologies and evaluation of the overall experience. Perhaps it is time to take lessons of CBLS and AI in a learning design and teaching tools seriously.
 At the beginning we will point out one simple question: could the ideas, methodology and techniques of AI also be applied to a development of relatively serious mind applications and can they substitute human teachers? And the answer will be continued in our paper.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38-47</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DOES INTELIGENT E-LEARNING TOOLS NEED MORE PEDAGOGICAL METHODOLOGY OR ICT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligente learning tools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1408435570.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution in computer and other information communication technologies have made also possibilities to develop intelligente computer-aided learning tools for enhanced learning. Today, most researchers in the field of educational technology seem to be preoccupied with either heuristic, the development of Artificial Intelligence application, or the epistemology, philosophy concerned with the nature and scope (limitations) of knowledge and representation or varius learning theories such as constructivism and conectionism by computer program. The enthusiasm to develop technologicall advanced learning tools resulted in technologies with limited application. The need to develop simple computer-based tools to assist instruction and demonstrate its impressiveness to enhance learning is most important, but those tools desperetly need to be designed with epistemological (didactical) knowledge and integrated into a pedagogical framework. 
 The paper presents researc connected with the design and use of an interactive computer-aided learning tool for enhanced learning and the impact of an interactive computer-aided e-learning tool on students learning achievement. The study was motivated by the need to evaluate the use and effectiveness of computer-aided learning applications as they are used in the instructional environment. The mayor research questions that guided this study are: Does the e-learning tool have a measurable effect on students learning? And what is the impact of the e-learning tool usage on students’ performance? The results of the study proof the impact of usage e-learning tools on students’ performance at knowledge assessment. While using the prepared e-learning tool, the score and the time of complete interactive session were measured.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9-17</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND E-LEARNING CONTRA TEACHER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=2594527</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article presents the results of a pilot research about interaction between e-learning/teaching paradigms and “classical” ones, where a “human” teacher is the central element. With other words, we analyzed relation between e-teacher and the human one. Because the presented results are gained in a pilot research and so the sample was relatively small, we would like to show how, with the help of statistical methods the reliability of the results can be increased. In our research work we developed different tools and with this pilot research we would like to test, if this tools:
 • are precisely enough and specially if they
 • give us enough reliable results.
 Results of our research in this paper will point out two important conclusions, namely:
 1. the students need (human) teacher and e-material (or e-teacher/tutor) is simply not enough, especially if we would like to reach higher cognitive, long lasting knowledge, and
 2. with appropriate selected statistical methods, also with small sample, we can obtain enough reliable results.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8-18</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateja Ploj Virtič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS USING EXPERIENCE BASED TUTORING APPROACHES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality enhancement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1393668265.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In any technological development we must always take into account very important set of equations:
 
Better vocational training = more skilled workers = better production = more competitive production = greater employability = reduce unemployment and its effects.
 
The equations clearly show that any technological development requires adequate preparation i.e. education of human resources for this development. Slovenia wishes to base its own development and prosperity mainly on knowledge. Therefore, the change and modification of education system became an imperative. Consequently, the following article deals with the demand: Slovenia has to fulfil in this process of transformation. 
From the experiences of recent years, it seems clear that the existing education system in Slovenia, as a whole, is perceived as an ailing system that fails to meet the needs of a major portion of the society it serves. Every aspect of the educational process and system must be studied and reconsidered in light of new and different societal expectations. And for these purposes we would like to use all positive experiences from different systems in the world.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-23</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">YOUNG PEDAGOGICAL CENTRE WITH EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical center</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1393668190.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The contributions gathered in this publication have been prepared within the framework of the Pedagogical Center (PC) of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics (FNM) at the University of Maribor, which might seem to be a young center since it has only been established in 2009, nevertheless, the extensive experience and knowledge of its faculty tell a story of a much more established institution. “Pedagogical” is a defining term indicting that the center's activities are focused primarily on pedagogical programmes at FNM and on educating teachers at all levels in the broadest sense of the word.
 Pedagogical center FNM is a pedagogical research unit, that supports all natural science, mathematical and technology programmes at both the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, as well as the entire University of Maribor, especially the teaching programmes, since after the separation of the large Faculty of Education into three entities - FNM being one of them - its “colour” as well as educational and historical core have been lost. Teacher education at FNM lost previous value and has become much less emphasised than it was the case with its predecessor institution the Faculty of Education. Thus the main aim of the center is to give back to the faculty a part of its previous “colour” as well as to promote and develop educational sciences and their interdisciplinary integration that will certainly mean a step towards guaranteeing quality of work as well as quality of education for all students. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FUTURE FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem based learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1392232723.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School educational systems on the threshold of millennium all over the Europe are experiencing radical changes. Deliberation, which generates this changes, is mostly oriented into balancing which competences (capabilities) should educational system develop with the students, so they can successfully perform roles, that can be expected during their life, and therefore to create their own prosperity.
 In this context it is exceedingly important to see curriculum aims 
 as global (and not as it happened at previous renovation; subjects dispersion). We have to think about a correlation of knowledge between the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and technical fields and also their role (dimension) at forming entire personality for future grown. It is not possible to deny, that humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and their application: techniques are inseparable connected, because things are getting their practicability value (become logical) only in the field of application. (Foreign language, when or if we meet foreigner, mathematics, when we want to calculate something…). Natural science knowledge gets its meaning in application (techniques), and therefore gets its market value – that can led up to rise social welfare (prosperity). That however reflexively generates new impetus of society: art, culture, humanism…The circle is joined or even better, a vertical spiral is released (Picture 1).
  it is highly important to use in this process methods, that's support such curriculum aims. In our research we proposed Problem-Based Learning (PBS). PBS was first established as part of the education of physicians in medical school over 40 years ago. Developed by Howard Barrows, this strategy has grown into an instructional approach which is finding success in elementary through high school. PBL is now a prominent strategy in many elementary schools through high schools.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9-17</style></section></record></records></xml>