<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sintha Sih Dewanti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badrun Kartowagiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jailani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LECTURERS' EXPERIENCE IN ASSESSING 21ST-CENTURY MATHEMATICS COMPETENCY IN INDONESIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21st-century mathematical competencies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competency assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lecturers' experience in assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematics Education Study Program lecturers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/457-1596902323.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematics is one of the fields that has important role in the 21st-century thinking because mathematics involves the process of logical and systematic thinking to solve problems. This makes mathematical competencies need to be developed through learning and integrated into knowledge, skills, and attitudes. When learning has facilitated the development of 21st-century mathematical competencies, the assessment must also be able to photograph it. This research aimed to find out whether the lecturers of the Mathematics Education Study Program have conducted a 21st-century mathematics competency assessment. This research used a qualitative approach with the phenomenological method. The data were collected using in-depth interviews with each participant. The research participants were 20 lecturers from Mathematics Education Study Program who came from 12 provinces in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed by using the help of ATLAS.ti 8 software to analyze participants' transcripts and documentation, formulate important phrases or sentences, formulate meaning, bring themes up, and be integrated into in-depth descriptions of the phenomenon. The result showed that lecturers of the Mathematics Education Study Program have not focused on the 21st-century mathematics competency assessment. The assessment of each mathematical competency was only done globally and not carried out in detail about each of the competency indicators.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">500-515</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jefri Mailool</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samsul Arifin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ameliasari Tauresia Kesuma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Himawan Putranta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LECTURERS’ EXPERIENCES IN TEACHING SOFT SKILLS IN TEACHER PROFESSION EDUCATION PROGRAM (TPEP) IN INDONESIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soft skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher profession education program (TPEP)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/457-1587022485.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Teacher Profession Education Program (hereafter abbreviated: TPEP) in Indonesia is a program designed to generate professional teachers. Every pre-service teacher must be equipped with adequate hard skills and soft skills before diving into a professional environment. This phenomenological research explored the lecturers' experiences in teaching soft skills to the students of TPEP. This research aims at getting a clear understanding of how soft skills teaching is implemented and what kinds of soft skills have been trained during TPEP. The data in this research were primarily collected through in-depth interviews conducted with 15 teaching lecturers from three universities that hold and organize the TPEP. Data analysis used analytic reduction which started from identifying important statements of the interview results, determining the core theme, and describing the essence of the entire experience. The results found that teaching soft skills with integrated/embedded models was used in the TPEP. Lecture, presentation, assignment, mentoring, and practice methods were used to train the TPEP students’ soft skills. While the soft skills that have been trained during the implementation of the TPEP consist of ethics, self-reliance, responsibility, patience, critical thinking skills, communication skills, teamwork, tolerance, and social skills. The future research is expected to develop a criteria-based on integrated soft skills assessment model that can be used to assess the achievement of the acquisition of teachers’ soft skills at the end of TPEP.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-234</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jailani Jailani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nidya F. Wulandari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Djidu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PROFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT BASED ON CONTENT, CONTEXT, AND PROCESS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domains based on PISA study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics literacy proficiency development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Febrary/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/457-1581494927.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The literacy proficiency development is one of concerns in education generally, so is in mathematics education as well. The growth of literacy proficiency is one of the issues in education, because it is very important to problem solving skills in students' real life. This research aimed to describe the growth of lower secondary school and upper secondary school students’ mathematical literacy proficiency in Yogyakarta Special Region province, Indonesia. Three mathematical literacy proficiency aspects were examined in the research, namely content, process and context. It was an exploratory descriptive research with cross-sectional type research design. The population was 1,001 lower secondary school and upper-secondary school students ranging between 13 and 16 years old. They were selected using the combination of stratified and the cluster random sampling technique. A test consisting of 30 items, was adopted from the existing PISA test items used to collect the data in the research. The main data analysis was conducted by estimating students’ ability through the item-response theory approach. The results showed that the mathematical literacy proficiency of the students based on content, context, and process was still low. In the content and context domain, there was progress from 8th grade to 9th, from 9th grade to 10th grade. In the process domain, the development of students' abilities on formulate showed relatively the same results for 8th, 9th, and 10th were around 500, and in the employ and interpret process domain, there was a development of abilities from 8th to 9th, and from 9th to 10th grade. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80-101</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nidya F. Wulandari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PROFICIENCY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ability development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-sectional developmental study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA released items</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/457-1566969280.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improving the proficiency in mathematical literacy is one of the efforts to improve the human resources quality. Its development describes the students’ strengths and weaknesses to support the improvement. The research tried to describe the development of students’ proficiency in mathematical literacy, based on the school level and the students’ gender. The research was a cross-sectional developmental study. The population was all of students ranging between 13 and 16 years old in the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. In the sample were 1,001 students in the 8th, 9th and 10th grade, determined to use the combination of stratified and the cluster random sampling technique. The data were collected using 30 items. The data analysis was conducted by estimating students’ ability through the item-response theory approach under the Rasch model and by using the parameters that had been adjusted to the international study item parameter under the concordance model for the linking score to interpret the students’ development. The research results showed that there has been improvement of literacy proficiency among the 8th, 9th and 10th grade students. The development would generate higher scores utilizing multiple choice test items. There was a tendency that the school level, gender, the form of items, content, context, and process literacy would influence the mathematical literacy score. The efforts for improving proficiency in mathematical literacy were discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">502-514</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lian Gafar Otaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badrun Kartowagiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ESTIMATION OF TEACHING PROFESSION EDUCATION (TPE) PARTICIPANTS’ ABILITY IN INDONESIA: AN ASSESSMENT MODEL WITH PARTIAL SCORING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">item response model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial credit model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial scoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching profession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/457-1575642821.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ability of TPE participants in arranging lesson plans is essential to be mastered as an indicator of pedagogical competence which should be possessed before conducting a teaching process in the class. This research aimed to analyze the estimation of TPE participants’ ability in composing a lesson plan which uses the assessment with partial scoring. This research used quantitative descriptive explorative approach. Data were collected through document study of lesson plan made by TPE participants assessed by lecturers in a workshop. In the sample were 236 respondents selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis was performed to estimate participants’ skill using Item Response Theory through Partial Credit Model (PCM). The estimation result produced the interpretation of items with 5 categories of scoring 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and has 4 thresholds such as the threshold of category 0 to category 1, category 1 to category 2, category 2 to category 3, and from category 3 to category 4. Besides that the information function value of the instrument and Standard Error of Measurement based on the analysis obtained items in the instrument which have higher information function value compared to the mistakes of the measurement or the estimation of measurement which has relatively small errors, so it can be stated that learning model is using accurate partial scoring to estimate the ability of TPE participants in composing lesson plans. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">790-805</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samsul Hadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sudji Munadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezi Apino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nidya F. Wulandari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE DIFFICULTIES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOLVING HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS PROBLEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOTS problem in mathematics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Newman’s error procedure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ difficulties</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1533495738.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International surveys, such as TIMSS and PISA, frequently put Indonesia in the low ranks. It is an indication that the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of students in Indonesia are still low.  This research aims to analyze students’ difficulties in solving problems that measure HOTS. This is a case study research with a qualitative approach. Participants studied were 93 high school students in grade XI. Data were collected using test instruments that measure HOTS, which was developed based on the standard contents of high school mathematics. The difficulties were analyzed descriptively by observing students’ errors in answering HOTS test items. Students’ errors were classified based on Newman’s Error Procedure (NEP). The result shows that around 8.33% of the students had difficulties in comprehension, 15.59% in transformation, 32.53% in process skills, and 1.34 % in encoding. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">520-532</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zurqoni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezi Apino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rizqa D. Anazifa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IMPLEMENTATION: A GOAL-FREE EVALUATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">character education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">character value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">goal-free evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">impact evaluation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1545497975.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many studies reported the importance of character education for students to support their future success. Currently, the countries have strengthened the implementation of character education in their educational system, including Indonesia. Related to the previous statements, this research aimed to describe the impact of character education implementation as well as challenges and strategies of teachers in implementing the character education. This research was an evaluation research type using a goal-free evaluation model (impact evaluation) with a qualitative approach. The participants of the research were principals, teachers, students, parents, and community members from three provinces in Indonesia; East Kalimantan, Special Region of Yogyakarta, and West Nusa Tenggara. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and also in-depth interviews. The data were then analysed using a model of Bogdan and Biklen to find out the refinement among themes and generate a detailed understanding. The findings showed that character education had a positive impact on increasing the students’ character values including religiosity, personality, social attitude, and competitive attitude. Role-modelling by teachers and other members of the school community and parents, character-oriented activities, and moral and material support from educational stakeholders are key factors in character education implementation. However, some improvements need to be made, such as improving the teacher training and workshops and giving financial support (funding) for character education implementation. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">881-899</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Djidu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kartianom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezi Apino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risqa D. Anazifa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS AND ITS LEARNING STRATEGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement and assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1524597598.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Higher order thinking skill (HOTS) is one of the students’ abilities that should be developed through teaching and learning. Teachers’ knowledge about HOTS and its teaching and learning tactics is a key to successful education. The purpose of this research is to describe teachers’ knowledge about higher order thinking skills (HOTS). The research involves qualitative study with the phenomenological approach. The research participants are 27 mathematics teachers from state and private junior high schools across 7 provinces in Indonesia. The researcher collected data with a test followed by focus group discussion (FGD) and interviews. The analysis of data involved Bogdan &amp; Biklen model and descriptive statistics for data from the test. The analysis of FGD, and test data intends to get information on 6 sub-themes; teachers’ knowledge about HOTS, importance of HOTS, teaching about HOTS to students, improving students’ HOTS, measuring and assessing HOTS, and teachers’ ability for solving HOTS-based problems. The results indicate that teachers’ knowledge about HOTS, their ability to improve students’ HOTS, solve HOTS-based problems, and measure students' HOTS is still low. There are facts, however, that teachers already understand the importance of HOTS and teaching it by using various innovative learning models. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-230</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samsul Hadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ariadie C. Nugraha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janu Arlinwibowo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eny Sulistyaningsih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Djidu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezi Apino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heni D. Iryanti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPLEMENTING THE COMPUTER-BASED NATIONAL EXAMINATION  IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS: THE CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">challenges in implementing CBNE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-based national examination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategies for implementing CBNE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1513710818.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In line with technological development, the computer-based national examination (CBNE) has become an urgent matter as its implementation faces various challenges, especially in developing countries. Strategies in implementing CBNE are thus needed to face the challenges. The aim of this research was to analyse the challenges and strategies of Indonesian schools in implementing CBNE. This research was qualitative phenomenological in nature. The data were collected through a questionnaire and a focus group discussion. The research participants were teachers who were test supervisors and technicians at junior high schools and senior high schools (i.e. Level 1 and 2) and vocational high schools implementing CBNE in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were analysed using the Bogdan and Biklen model. The results indicate that (1) in implementing CBNE, the schools should initially make efforts to provide the electronic equipment supporting it; (2) the implementation of CBNE is challenged by problems concerning the Internet and the electricity supply; (3) the test supervisors have to learn their duties by themselves and (4) the students are not yet familiar with the beneficial use of information technology. To deal with such challenges, the schools employed strategies by making efforts to provide the standard electronic equipment through collaboration with the students’ parents and improving the curriculum content by adding information technology as a school subject. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">612-633</style></section></record></records></xml>