<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sławomir  Postek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Ledzińska</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jakub  Czarkowski</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEMS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION FOR ADULTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adult development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adult education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational psychology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1400515828.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Our main focus is to highlight the most important challenges in distance education aimed at adults: specific psychological challenges coming from adult development, the problems of quality and evaluation, and the effect particular distance education forms and their content (interactivity, salience, and multimedia additions) have on adult learning. In the opening section, theoretical grounds for how adults learn, treat learning, how they function in informational stress and in the role of a pupil are presented. This is than followed by the discussion of pedagogical aspects (motivation, self esteem etc) of results evaluation and didactical difficulties of planning high quality distance learning. Finally, a review of research results into how different types of material content affects adults’ perception and comprehension and how retention and transfer and influenced in effect. In the summary, we move on to discuss how b-learning (blended) and c-learning (complementary) could be employed in order to facilitate adult distance learning and propose research fields to explore in this area.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-108</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Ledzińska</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sławomir  Postek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF METACOGNITION IN C-LEARNING CURRICULUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">c-learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modern school curriculum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=2594599</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article provides the Reader with an extensive review of literature, both theoretical and empirical, concerning c-learning and it’s possible content. Initially, the origins on c-learnign idea are reviewed, from the point of looking at the evolution of various forums of distance education over the Internet. Empirical results that led psychologists and pedagogues to consider c-learning as the answer to a majority of problems of traditional e-learning are presented, followed by a description of what c-learning currently is and what its main challenges are. Than, one of those challenges – c-learning curriculum – is considered and the path that led educational psychologists from treating instilling knowledge as the main aim of a teacher to treating training metaknowledge and metacognitive abilities as such is presented. Following that, the origins of the concept of metacognitive skills, the structure of those skills and their relation to cognitive functioning are discussed. Finally, the place metacognition should take in c-learning, and possibly all types of modern education paradigms (even traditional school), is considered, and the view presented is supported by a review of works from all fields involved in virtual schooling attempts: technology of education, educational and cognitive psychology and pedagogy.
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137-145</style></section></record></records></xml>