<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michal Novocký</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renáta Orosová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beáta Sakalová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SELF-EFFICACY OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: FACTORS THAT STRENGTHEN ITS COMPONENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">exploratory factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4714172</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The foundation for the successful work of pre-service teachers in the education of students lies in their professional and pedagogical knowledge and skills, reinforced by self-confidence in applying them when addressing more demanding situations in classrooms. This study aimed to examine the perceived efficacy of pre-service teachers. The research was conducted on a sample of 141 pre-service teachers from Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to validate the research instrument (the shortened, revalidated version of the Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale), indicating the existence of three factors (perceived efficacy in adapting teaching to students, managing the classroom, and providing students with learning challenges), as the original model tested by confirmatory factor analysis did not sufficiently fit the data obtained from respondents. The research assessed factors influencing the self-efficacy of pre-service teachers. These factors included gender, field of study, motivation for choosing teacher education, types of teaching practice completed, and courses/subjects related to inclusive education. Significant differences were observed in adapting teaching to students in terms of motivation for teaching, and in adapting teaching and providing students with learning challenges in terms of completed teaching practice. The results in the context of a specifically focused study suggest that, to strengthen these components of pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy, it would be beneficial for university instructors to understand pre-service teachers’ motivation to pursue a teaching career, support the development of their professional identity, and foster more reflective teaching practice through mentors in schools.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">807-822</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza Velazco, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irma Abrigo Córdova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janela Romero Chávez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredy Cueva Bravo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magda Francisca Cejas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE FORMATIVE RESEARCH OF ECUADORIAN UNIVERSITY TEACHING STAFF</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complex thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formation of teaching staff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/457-1561382097.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University research is the way in which lecturers can perceive, analyze and be illustrated about unknown topics or something that has been omitted and that is why it is important and is the key in the academic researcher´s life, the gathering of information, the analysis and the search for a solution to an existing or detected problem. This research includes three phases: the first, where the search, collection and data analysis is proposed; the second, where models of teacher formation and theorization are included and the third, where the final idea of formation of university researchers and lecturers is proposed. This research was developed from a qualitative perspective, since it is implemented in an epistemic conceptualization that corresponds to its nature, highlighting the interest of deepening the intuition of the object research. As key informants, the participation of 15 (fifteen) lecturers from different universities of Ecuador is highlighted. The constant comparison of theories and grounded theory was applied for the analysis of the subtracted data, in order to make a theoretical approach through the emerging categories and sub-categories, through the operating software Atlas.ti version 8; with the aim to contribute to the theoretical and methodological basis. The subcategories were derived: professional teaching function and novel teaching profile. The conclusions mention the idea or model of formation for higher education teaching staff. It also mentions the importance of improving the formation of lecturers through scientific research to promote knowledge and strategies that require the need to theorize, produce and increase the level of thinking.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">364-378</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaarina   Määttä</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satu   Uusiautti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF FACTORS SLOWING DOWN THEIR STUDY PROGRESS: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITY OF LAPLAND</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">smooth studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstract.php?icid=1221619</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fast graduation, smooth studies, and fluent study progress are the goals of today’s university education. How do students themselves perceive their study processes and what do they think about the factors hindering them from succeeding? The purpose of this research was to find out from the first-year-students of one Finnish university their experiences and opinions. The research investigated what the most difficult issues the students have faced during their first year of university studies have been and what factors have hindered their study progress according to their own perceptions. The students (N=186) answered to an internet-based open-ended questionnaire. The data were analysed in a qualitative data-based manner which resulted in seven most frequently mentioned hindrances in the questionnaire data. The main hindrances were deficiencies in study skills, difficulties in adjustment to academic studies, unclear directions in studies, difficulties in making study plans and scheduling, lack of guidance in studies and difficulties in finding help, lack of community, and overlapping courses and busy study periods. Based on the findings, it is possible to pay attention to the difficulties mentioned by students. 
 </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65-75</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ”McDONALD‘S-IZATION“ OF EDUCATION: SEARCH FOR FAST RESULTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educated person</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1406611709.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pace of life forces us in getting everything quickly and preferably for free, i.e. the faster – the better. No matter that fast food from McDonald’s simply kills the human organism. The crucial point is that the action itself is fast and cheap. However, I see no sense in discussing the topic of junk food. A better idea is the transformation of the above introduced term into the field of education and debates on “appetite” for learning rather than for fast food. Thus, what are the shown indications? First, it should be noticed that when considering the phenomenon of “fast” training, education fails to retain its purpose, and therefore the systems of comprehensive and higher education appear to be just a blur (Lamanauskas, 2011).
Thus, the international community accepts the idea that more or less the current society is not ready for challenges posed by the 21st century. The activity of being awarded “a rapid” diploma guarantees neither individual nor social progress. The universities supporting the concept of producing similar certificates take a position of self-defeating institutions.
Hence, education is not a game, and universities are not “the playgrounds full of toys”. However, an impression that the number of such “playgrounds” increases along with a growth in the amount of “players” is formed. We can be taught by others; however, education is our personal business. Finally, an educated person who is acclaimed to be a self-determined, independent and strong-minded man the qualities of whose must be inherited by the nation as a whole is our primary goal. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-8</style></section></record></records></xml>