<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katarína Vančíková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ružena Čiliaková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hušlová Orságová, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF INCLUSIVE SCHOOLING BY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS IN SLOVAKIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptualizations of inclusive schooling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative survey</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4664273</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding how pre-service teachers conceptualize inclusive schooling is critical for effective teacher education. The present study examined how 455 pre-service teachers from eight Slovak universities perceive and prioritize eight distinct conceptualizations of an inclusive school, analyzing influences of professional specialization, study mode, and experience with diversity. A quantitative survey, utilizing ratings on a 6-point Likert scale and forced choice ranking, revealed &quot;every child is valued&quot; as the most preferred concept, signaling a strong normative commitment to individual children's worth. &quot;Bottom-up inclusion,&quot; emphasizing practical, team-based approaches, also ranked highly. While no significant differences were found across teacher specializations or personal experience with diversity, part-time students showed stronger preference for &quot;bottom-up inclusion&quot; compared to full-time students, who prioritized &quot;every child is valued&quot;. These findings suggest that professional experience may shape more practical conceptualizations of inclusion, underscoring the importance of structured reflection alongside practical experience in teacher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">689-704</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alois Daněk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOSTERING INCLUSION AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDCARE INSTITUTIONS: LESSONS FROM THE VISEGRAD REGION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">participatory action research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">residential childcare</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social inclusion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4664265</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children growing up in residential childcare often face restricted access to areas that are essential for their future. These include inclusive education, inspiring cultural experiences and, importantly, the benefits of emerging educational technologies. This study draws on long-term research in children’s homes and an international project supported by the Visegrad Fund, which created a framework for exploring innovative educational approaches. The aim was to identify and verify methods that can promote personal growth, social inclusion, and readiness for the digital era among children in residential childcare. Using a participatory action research approach with a qualitative design, the study involved children and educators from several Czech and Slovak children’s homes and a Ukrainian children’s home evacuated to Poland. Over three months, local educational activities were implemented alongside an international meeting centred on an inclusive sports programme and two parallel workshops. The analysis of the results, in the context of ongoing research, showed that combining cultural, sports, and educational activities enhanced collaboration, communication, self-expression, and interest in learning. Modern technologies played a key role, with artificial intelligence tools supporting project implementation and increasing inclusivity and personalisation in teaching. The study recommends integrating modern technologies into non-formal education in residential childcare while ensuring ethical and cultural sensitivity in the adoption of new educational approaches.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">645-662</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Rochovská</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vladimír Klein</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viera Šilonová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SCHOOL SUPPORT TEAM IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN KINDERGARTENS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kindergarten</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school special educator</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school support team</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching assistant</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1723303141.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inclusive education presents a significant challenge for contemporary society. All children should have the opportunity to develop according to their educational needs within an inclusive environment. The effectiveness of the school support team plays a crucial role in achieving this goal. This research aimed to explore the perspectives of teaching staff in kindergartens, including headmasters, teachers, and teaching assistants, regarding inclusive education, with a specific focus on their views and attitudes towards the roles of school special educators and teaching assistants in preschool education. A mixed-methods research strategy was employed to achieve this aim. Data were collected using a self-constructed questionnaire containing both closed and open items, completed by 394 respondents from 142 kindergartens. The findings indicated that teaching staff perceived the existence of a school support team as having a positive impact on addressing various children's issues and enhancing teachers' work. These results contribute to a broader understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the members of a school support team in kindergartens.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521-538</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viera Šilonová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vladimír Klein</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Rochovská</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCLUSIVE DIAGNOSTICS AND STIMULATION OF SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN OF A PRE-SCHOOL AGE: EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive diagnostics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-school age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socially disadvantaged children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1634800451.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research focuses on the diagnostics and stimulation of socially disadvantaged children of a pre-school age, which is a crucial component of inclusive education. The aim of the research was to experimentally verify through input and output orientation diagnostics the effectiveness of the stimulation program for 5 to 6 year old socially disadvantaged children in kindergartens. The results of the input and output orientation screening of 5 to 6 year old children from the experimental and control groups were analysed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the stimulation program intended for the training of areas of deficits of partial functions and symptoms in the experimental group was verified, and conclusions and recommendations for pedagogical theory and practice in the area of inclusive approaches at the pre-primary stage of the school system were formulated. The research demonstrated that the experimental group of children achieved statistically significantly better results in the post-test, focused on the area of symptoms measured by the t-test, than the control group. It was also confirmed that both groups of socially disadvantaged children (control and experimental) achieved statistically significantly better results in the post-test, focused on the area of deficits of partial functions, than in the pre-test.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">804-825</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lotta Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunvie Möllås</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisbeth Ohlsson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARACTERISTICS OF INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS DIRECTED AT STUDENTS IN NEED OF SPECIAL SUPPORT: A STUDY OF SCHOOL WEBSITE PRESENTATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">independent schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students in need of special support</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">treatment methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">website presentation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/457-1561381868.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the research was to explore how 55 Swedish independent schools, directed at (or limited to) students in need of special support (SNSS), describe their organisation, work and visions. The empirical data of the research consisted of the schools’ website presentations, which were processed and analysed in consecutive steps. The results showed that the students’ complicated school- and life situations were often combined with disabilities mainly in the neuropsychiatric field. The majority of the schools (76%) practiced both schooling and methods for treatment and care, differentiating their role from the mainstream track. Neuropsychiatric and psychological perspectives had a significant influence, reflected in how the schools describe their daily routines, therapeutic methods of treatment and access to specific categories of staff. Small groups, individual instruction and competent staff were described as specific features. Teaching content and didactic aspects were seldom highlighted. The focus on the websites was on socialisation and subjectification while qualification, i.e. knowledge development, had a more limited role. The study points to a need for further research exploring daily pedagogical practice in more depth and calls for a greater focus on student perspectives. Consequences for learning contexts are discussed in the concluding part of the article. The specialist role, the independent schools in the present study tended to take on are most urgent issues to discuss in an educational context striving for equity and inclusive learning environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317-337</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Carmela Di Gennaro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erika Marie Pace</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iolanda Zollo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paola  Aiello</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHER CAPACITY BUILDING THROUGH CRITICAL REFLECTIVE PRACTICE FOR THE PROMOTION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical reflective practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1421876550.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a time where inclusive education has become the underpinning framework of reference for educational policies globally, effective strategies for a smooth and sustainable transformation of educational systems need to be identified. Recent literature on teachers’ attitudes has suggested that the adoption of inclusive policies, although necessary, is not sufficient for its implementation. Particularly, it has highlighted that the successful creation of inclusive environments requires critical reflection on the beliefs and values underpinning the attitudes towards the practical implementation and long-term sustainability of inclusive education. The research presented in this article outlines the historic evolution of the principles characterising inclusive education in Italy and Europe. It then delineates the competencies required for teacher capacity building in inclusive contexts and provides an overview of the founding principles supporting critical reflective practice. In conclusion, it proposes a guided strengths-oriented process aimed at enhancing critical reflection during initial and in-service teacher education courses in order to give teachers the opportunity to reflect on the beliefs and values shaping their practice, as well as explore new routes to bring about improvement and build strategic alliances to be able to handle the complex nature characterising current school contexts. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54-66</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera   V. Khitruk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olga A.   Ulianova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCLUSIVE TOLERANCE AS A BASIS OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children with special needs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive tolerance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1410007067.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article describes the results of the comparative analysis of tolerance as a basis of professional competence of prospective teachers, whose professional activity can be carried out under the conditions of educational integration or/and inclusive education. The research purpose is to study tolerance among first-year and senior pedagogues, which makes it possible to discuss determinacy of the formation process of inclusive tolerance by the content of pedagogical education in the comparative (the first-year and senior students of the department of pedagogy) aspect.
 The study of inclusive tolerance of prospective teachers has been carried out using a set of standardized methods adapted to the conditions of the research purpose. Thus, the stimulus material of the methods included the questions among many others the answers to which implied the expression of attitudes towards children/persons with special needs.
 The obtained results show, that the actual formation level of inclusive tolerance of the students of pedagogical specializations do not permit to determine their professional competence as sufficient in professional realization under the conditions of inclusive education. The paradoxicality of the obtained results consists in the fact, that in general the indices characterizing the formation level of inclusive tolerance decrease from the first to final years. This fact enables to state, that the content of pedagogical education does not have strong enough influence on the formation of this professional quality.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21-32</style></section></record></records></xml>