<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xueyi Cai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Karim, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSTRUCTING A DIGITAL LITERACY FRAMEWORK FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A LITERATURE-GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grounded theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4770995</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As artificial intelligence and digital technologies become increasingly embedded in higher education, university students’ digital literacy has emerged as a critical indicator of educational quality and future developmental capacity. However, existing research remains conceptually fragmented, with limited clarity regarding the structural organization and generative logic of digital literacy. To address this gap, this study adopts a grounded theory–based literature analysis of high-quality international publications from 2000 to 2025. Through open, axial, and selective coding, key concepts and categories were systematically abstracted to construct an integrated digital literacy framework for university students. The findings indicate that digital literacy extends beyond technical or information-processing skills, constituting a multidimensional competence system integrating cognitive understanding, contextualized application, capability development, and ethical regulation. By synthesizing 162 initial concepts, 48 first-order categories, and 15 major categories, a four-dimensional framework was identified, encompassing digital transformation, digital use, digital competence, and digital security. Digital transformation emphasizes the development of digital thinking and students’ understanding of digital environments; digital use highlights contextualized engagement with digital technologies in learning and communication; digital competence focuses on higher-order abilities such as knowledge integration, problem solving, and innovation; and digital security underscores ethical awareness, risk management, and responsible digital behavior. Further analysis reveals a developmental trajectory from cognitive understanding to capability integration and contextual transfer, with data thinking and digital ethics functioning as key mechanisms within AI-enabled learning environments. This framework advances the structural theorization of digital literacy and provides a systematic foundation for curriculum design, assessment, and policy development in higher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46-74</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Stefan Popescu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marian Cristian Mihaescu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin   Pribeanu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAIN DRIVERS OF CHATGPT ADOPTION BY ROMANIAN COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ChatGPT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TAM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/457-1789647910.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of artificial intelligence technologies in education has huge potential to improve teaching and learning by providing personalised learning experiences, on-demand academic support, and automated feedback. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence has introduced a new category of educational technology that is changing how students search for information, solve problems, and engage with course materials. This transformation is especially relevant for computer science students, who can benefit from using AI tools not only for learning but also for programming. The purpose of this research was to investigate the main drivers influencing the adoption of the ChatGPT tool among Romanian students enrolled in a computer science educational program. An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that includes output quality and perceived impact as external variables has been specified and tested with a sample of 165 university students. The results show that perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness have the strongest direct influence on the behavioural intention to use ChatGPT. The influence of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness and behavioural intention was not significant, suggesting that it is not a relevant variable for computer science students. Another finding is that taking into consideration indirect effects, perceived impact of AI tools on education and future professions, and perceived enjoyment emerge as equally important for the adoption of ChatGPT.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">646-661</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santi, E. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Gorghiu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin   Pribeanu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTRINSIC MOTIVATION, ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY, LEARNING ENGAGEMENT, AND TEST ANXIETY, AS PERCEIVED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intrinsic motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning engagement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">test anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1734858285.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Test anxiety or academic anxiety is an emotional state characterized by intense fear, nervousness, and stress that occurs in the context of academic assessments such as exams, tests, projects, or presentations. Test anxiety negatively affects efficiency in academic tasks, leading to decreased academic performance. Test anxiety in students can be generated or fostered by both individual and contextual, school-related factors. Teachers can play an important role in reducing test anxiety in students by adopting appropriate pedagogical practices and creating a positive, supportive, student-centered learning environment. The present work takes a structural modeling approach to explore the influence of intrinsic motivation, learning engagement, and academic self-efficacy on test anxiety. The results showed that while high levels of academic self-efficacy contribute to reduced test anxiety, learning engagement has a positive influence on test anxiety which is due to students’ expectations created by their involvement in the learning activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">892-903</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin   Pribeanu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANTECEDENTS OF THE PERCEIVED USEFULNESS OF AN ONLINE LEARNING PLATFORM DURING THE PANDEMIC</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceived usefulness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1702996295.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pandemic has posed a number of challenges to university studies. The whole study process, the conditions, the context, the conditions for student mobility, the technical possibilities, and finally the quality of the studies have changed. During the pandemic period, a number of studies have been carried out on how higher education is organised in the context of a pandemic, but there is still a lack of analysis on how students perceive the usefulness of distance learning. 
A quantitative study was carried out with a contingent of 132 prospective preschool and primary education teachers, and students in the field of social sciences at three Lithuanian universities. The aim was to explore possible antecedents of the perceived usefulness of an online learning platform during the pandemic. The sample consisted of 24 first-year, 52 second-year, 28 third-year and 28 fourth-year students. The data obtained during the study were processed and analysed using SPSS software. In addition, structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Lisrel 9.3 for Windows has been used to test the model.
Three factors were extracted. All constructs have a very good convergent and discriminant validity. These factors are important for analyzing the effectiveness of distance learning in general. It was found that the most important contributor to the perceived usefulness is the ease of access. It was also found that content adaptation has a positive influence on the perceived usefulness. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">861-868</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlastimil Chytry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Libor Pacovsky</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POSSIBLE FACTORS DETERMINING SATISFACTION OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple regression model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">satisfaction of distance education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/457-1672600954.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the study was to find out the factors, which significantly affected satisfaction with distance education among university students (undergraduate students). Complete data were obtained from 1283 respondents from different faculties in Czech Republic during the second term in academic year 2021/2022. The items in research tool were Likert type and also semantic differential was used. The descriptive, inferential and multidimensional statistic were used for data evaluation. Independent variables like: Evaluation factor for full-time form; Activity factor for full-time form; Difficulty factor for combined form; Evaluation factor for combined form; Activity factor for combined form; Perception of distance learning through negatives and Perception of distance learning through positives were as significant, which influenced satisfaction with distance education. Implications for pedagogical practice are presented in the conclusion part.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">811-822</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Necati Çobanoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selçuk Demir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT JUSTICE AND SCHOOL ENGAGEMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correlation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perception of justice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school engagement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/457-1662401084.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education continues to be an area that is likely to completely affect the future of humanity. Countries are trying to raise the level of education and increase the quality of the education provided as much as possible. To ensure that the quality of education is improved, many studies look from the perspectives of educators and officials who determine education policies. This study examines teachers' classroom management and approaches to justice in the classroom through the eyes of students. This study aims to shed light on the relationship between educators’ justice in classroom management and students’ school engagement based on the perceptions of university students. The study is based on a correlational design that examines the relationship between variables. It was conducted with 283 students at Şırnak University. The sample was determined randomly. The data were collected via the &quot;Perception of Justice in Classroom Management&quot; scale and the &quot;School Engagement of University Students&quot; scale. As a result, there was a moderately positive and significant relationship between the perception of justice in classroom management and school engagement. Besides, as a result of the regression analysis, it was revealed that the perception of the educators towards justice in classroom management predicted students’ school engagement. It was observed that 19% of students' school engagement was explained by educators’ perceptions of justice in classroom management. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">516-530</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carlos Arturo Torres-Gastelú</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LATE ADOPTION OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF ONLINE PRIVACY IN MEXICAN AND COLOMBIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital citizenship</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online privacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1612690279.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the educational challenges faced by Latin American universities is the development of digital citizenship competence in their students on issues of digital identity, security and privacy online. The aim of the study was to identify the perception of Mexican and Colombian university students towards the preventive measures of online privacy. For that purpose, a mixed-cut study was carried out. For the quantitative part, a survey made up of 20 items was applied to 1,245 university students. Meanwhile, for the qualitative part, 42 university students were asked to answer open questions. The quantitative analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics for data by country and gender. In order to test the hypotheses about the existence of significant differences, the Kruskal-Wallis test was chosen. While for the qualitative part, the university student responses were transcribed, the information was organized, and the main contributions of the students were presented. The results indicate that Mexican and Colombian university students have a favorable attitude towards preventive measures of online privacy. No significant differences were detected in the items on preventive measures of online privacy with respect to the variables Country, and Gender. The stories of the university student show a late development in the attitudes and skills regarding preventive measures of online privacy that begins with entering university, and that is consolidated over time. In addition, inconsistencies were detected between the favorable attitude expressed by students towards a broad use of online care with respect to the informants' narratives.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162-184</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin   Pribeanu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EDUCATIONAL USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES: FROM PROMISE TO REALITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidimensional concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social networking activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social networks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstract.php?icid=1210956</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The platforms supporting social networking activities on the Internet are applications for the creation, sharing and exchange of user-generated content that manifests in various forms. Users can freely express their ideas and opinions, and have opportunities to launch and participate in collaborative projects and virtual communities. Facebook (FB) is a social networking website featuring an explosive growth in the last years and an increased popularity among university students. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOW TO ELIMINATE THE GAP BETWEEN THE WORLD OF ACADEMICIANS AND TEACHERS?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Academicians</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1449572023.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I would like to thank the editor for the space to share my ideas about the selected problems of education. One of them is relative independence of college world and the world of elementary and high schools. There are in brief form described relative problems and suggested the possibilities how to solve them. What is the importance of research studies focused on the education for teachers or for future teachers? It is a very actual question, because the activity of researchers on education should also aim on the teachers and future teachers. But in many countries the world of academicians (in this case we are focused on the academicians working in the faculties of education) is detached from the world of teaching and problems of teachers. So, there is another question. Why the cooperation between academicians and teachers in some countries is functional and in some countries these two worlds are living separately? The mistake could be found in the activity of academicians. Their activity should also be focused on the improving of learning and teaching. The academicians have got many activities. They are teaching, predominantly future teachers, they are writing manuscripts (as we all are hoping), they are attending conferences, where they are changing kinds of information with their colleagues from other faculties. They are writing proposals of grants. They are working administrative and other kinds of jobs for department and other activities. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert   Podstawski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dariusz Choszcz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE LEGITIMACY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motor abilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1420361530.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the current scope of P.E. classes organized at the University of Warmia &amp; Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) during a period of one semester on the level of 1st year students’ motor abilities. A total of 337 full-time students aged 19-20 participated in the research. In order to calculate the students’ BMI, basic anthropometric parameters such as their body mass and height were measured. The students’ motor abilities were examined at the beginning as well as at the end of the summer semester of the academic year 2009/2010. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistica PL v. 10 software package. In the majority of motor trials (eight out of eleven) the students performed significantly worse after completing the semester-long P.E. course. In the other five trials the differences were found to be insignificant. Moreover, the study revealed that the participants’ average BMI increased over the course of the experiment. Based on the above it can be concluded that the current university P.E. program seems to be ineffective as it failed to result in noticeable positive physical changes, although the possible influence of the P.E. classes on the students’ attitudes toward physical education and their future lifestyles should not be ignored. If it is to lead to the desired physical changes in university youth, the amount of time devoted to physical education at the university must be increased, the classes distributed differently and their form rethought.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118-126</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabine Klinger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ines Findenig</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAKING GENDER A SUBJECT OF DISCUSSION - A MISSION (IM) POSSIBLE IN THE 21TH CENTURY?! STUDENTS OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES AS AN EXAMPLE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF ACADEMIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1421876706.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Higher education is supposed to create open-minded graduates within social topics. General assump-tions about educational science transfer a quiet sensitive picture across in particular gender issues and the awareness of gender inequalities. In contrast to other disciplines, scientific debates about gen-der issues do have a long tradition, even if not always thematised as such. The curriculum of educa-tional science offers a wide range of so called gender-seminars, where students can spend time on gender related topics and the awareness of gender equality. Women are overrepresented among edu-cational students and regarding to a “new deal for young women” (McRobbie 2009), which may influ-ence the way young woman and men think about the importance of gender-related topics, the question about the relevance of gender and gender issues for the discipline of educational studies often remains vague. According to this following research questions arose: how do students of educational science discuss gender issues, how does a de-articulation form gender issues, and how is rhetoric equality produced among university students of educational science. The data are based on a qualitative em-pirical survey composed of four group discussions carried out with 14 university students of educa-tional studies from German speaking universities. The aim was to reconstruct and analyse both - an individual and collective - understanding or interpretations regarding gender issues. The findings of this study have revealed that the reflection of gender issues and talking about gender is somehow caught between gender equality, difference and usurpation. This takes into account the mechanisms and masking effects of neoliberal activation. Deliberations about how educational studies can handle these challenges should imply a gender-reflected understanding of learning and educational processes.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101-113</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violeta  Šlekienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreta  Ragulienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragos Iordache</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin   Pribeanu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bilek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatyana Mazurok</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social networking websites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1420056732.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of social networking websites is becoming increasingly popular. While there are many reasons for this, the rapid spread of ICT is one of the most determining factors.  New technologies provide various possibilities for education and in relation to social networking websites it is worth emphasizing their diverse possibilities. The functionality of social networking websites is increasing, and this, in its own way, opens many possibilities for the consumers, a factor encouraging the usage of social networking sites. 
This research relates to the usage of social networking websites. The purpose of the research is to ascertain how university students from a range of European countries (Lithuania, Romania, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Turkey) use social networking websites; how they value them; what opinion they have about various social networking websites; what they know about them. 
A questionnaire, Social Networks, with 16 questions was used in the research. The breakdown of the questions is as follows: 3 questions were allotted to establishing the characteristics of the respondents and 5 open ended type questions were to possible advantages and disadvantages of SNW. The 6th question was assigned to evaluate the frequency of social networking website usage. A list of 23 main networking websites was presented. The 8th question was to evaluate the functions of social networking websites (e.g., communication, advertisement, friend search, information exchange and so on). In addition, the questionnaire also presented 26 various type statements about social networking websites and respondents were asked to evaluate these by applying the interval Likert scale (from “Completely agree” to “Completely disagree”). The original questionnaire was translated into the national languages by the local researchers involved in the study. 
This education research was carried out in 2012-2013, recognizing that it is especially important to understand the essential motives of using social networking websites, to analyze their probable advantages and disadvantages, to make some comparisons among students from the different countries. 
The findings illustrated that the respondents knew a lot of social networking websites, with the most frequently visited and most popular being: You Tube, Facebook and Google+. The most important functions put forward by the university students were: communication, learning and exchanging information, texting. Gender differences were noted in the case of valuing social networking websites.
The university students pointed out the following SN website advantages: 
(a)	the possibility to communicate with many people at one time, 
(b)	to get in touch with the people seen long ago also with the friends and relatives living abroad, 
(c)	the possibility to find proper information and share it, etc.
The respondents also noted that SN website had disadvantages. They indicated: lack of information publicity, a lack of privacy, insecurity in presented data, possible lies, deceptions, etc. 
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-78</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOME SKETCHES ON SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational space</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social networking websites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1420053828.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is obvious, that usage of social networking websites is constantly growing. In Lithuania, a rapid growth of usage has been observed in recent years, taking into account local (national) social networking websites as well. Facebook.com is one among 10 mostly visited networks in Lithuania. Lithuanian consumers are not an exception – not a small part of them also use several social networking websites. Both in the world and in Lithuania, business takes an active interest in social networking websites. An evident tendency is the expansion of SNW possibilities in business environment. If earlier it was thought that usage of SNW is a waste of time, in the latter years business finds more and more reasons why social networking websites ought to be used. This is marketing, service and product advertisement, new client search, cooperation development and so on. The other thing – the amount and the flow of information will certainly not decrease and therefore information usage and management in general, will remain urgent (Lamanauskas, 2012a).
 Thus, can social networks effectively perform educational functions? Can they become a proper professional development instrument? We can formulate a lot of questions. The phenomenon of social networking websites is new and complicated, rapidly changing. However, not only the question of the use is problematic. Academic community, being inert, hardly accept any innovations. Researchers should focus not only on the students 'interest in and ability to use the Social Networking Websites, but also lecturers' attitude to the new opportunities. Therefore, exhaustive empirical researches are necessary, seeking to maximally use the SNW providing possibilities for educational purposes.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Francisco  Manuel  Morales Rodríguez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CROSS-CURRICULAR EDUCATION FOR SOLIDARITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: ORIENTATION FOR PROBLEM EXPERIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solidarity-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">values and attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1419345173.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present study is framed by the project of educational innovation &quot;Cross-cutting education for solidarity in the training of psychologists and educators&quot; (PIE 10-127; 2010-2012). The aim of this study is presenting the structure of this research and it shows an analysis of values and attitudes in a sample of university students as well as to provide an assessment of the impact and satisfaction that they had reported in specific educational activities in favour of solidarity. Participants were 945 University Students, aged between 18 and 57 years. The results demonstrate that most students participating in the study highly agree to consider situations reflected in items 1, 4 and 7, as stealing, violent behaviour or trying to avoid a conflict. The majority of the participating students does not collaborate with any NGOs; they mention the lack of time, the issue not being raised as well as not being involved in any solidarity activity noting as reasons: lack of information, idleness, not having the opportunity presented and not having the funds to do so. In addition, students have found these educational activities for solidarity very satisfactory.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48-58</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Francisco  Manuel  Morales Rodríguez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATION OF ATTITUDES AND INTERESTS TOWARDS ICT: ORIENTATION FOR PROBLEM EXPERIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1410007154.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The transformation process occurring in the educational field, which has resulted from the generalized development and application of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), differs from preceding technological revolutions in the amazingly accelerated pace it sets. Reflecting upon the implications of the generalized and increasing adoption of ICT is undeniably important for the present and future of social sciences and, particularly, for the areas of pedagogy and didactics. The new model of Higher Education involves new methods, demands and challenges, where the use of ICT represents one of the basic competences. The present study aims to provide an evaluation of interests and attitudes towards Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in a sample of 224 post-graduate students of the Master's Degree in Teacher Training: Secondary and Upper Secondary Education, Vocational Training and Language Teaching, aged from 22 to 49 years old. The questionnaire includes questions aimed to evaluate different aspects, which facilitate interactive learning: computer knowledge; knowing the value of the Internet; place and frequency of online access; and usefulness of certain tools such as video-film, power point, Moodle, forums, wikis, chats, video-forums and blogs. Additionally, the questionnaire includes a number of questions about the potential applications of the Internet in an educational context. Results showed that all students are familiar with the Internet and that they first got to know it from friends. More important is the fact that most of them consider the Internet as a potential educational resource and not only as a support or reinforcement tool that complements the textbook and they like to use ICT and think of them as useful tools in their learning/teaching process. There are differences based on gender and specialization in the perception of the role that ICT is to play in the university context. In particular, men from the specialization Foreign Language consider that weblogs do facilitate peer-to-peer and student-teacher communication and give less importance than women to the item stating that the families’ socioeconomic level has an influence on our knowledge of the Internet. To conclude, the information obtained from the present study is of interest both for training teachers and for integrating ICT in the academic curricula.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-57</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violeta  Šlekienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreta  Ragulienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USAGE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES: LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ POSITION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social networking websites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1413727373.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Over the latter decade a rapid development of information communication technologies has been going on in various directions. Technological possibilities have increased very significantly (Lamanauskas, 2011). The development of internet and technologies related with it has been extremely fast. A lot of internet service providers have appeared in the market, their number still continues to grow. The internet connection methods are changing - from the ordinary usage of phone line modems (dial - up) to broadband internet technology (DSL) and cable TV internet nets. It can be asserted, that over the mentioned period Web 1.0 internet (static, used for getting information) has been changed to Web 2.0 internet (social). The internet diaries, social portals, technologies allowing live communication on the internet (Internet Relay Chat, IRC), talk programme Windows Live Messenger (MSN), ICQ forums and other have occurred and are spreading. With the appearance of “Skype”, the internet telephony has acquired a qualitatively new characteristic and practically has become a daily routine. Thus, today a consumer can create his profile on the internet, can make friends, communicate in the interest groups and so on. It can be stated, that every human being contributes in his own way to the internet and at the same time to ICT development, in general. It is obvious, that together with technological problems also arise social internet problems. Social networking websites are closely related with economical, psychological, educational, paleological and other aspects. There is a shortage of researches grounding socio-educational social network aspects. It is important to know not only how much time the consumers spend surfing the net, but how much of this time is allotted for communicating in social networking websites, which of them are the most popular and why, how the respondents evaluate social networking website functions, what in general they know about them, what advantages, disadvantages and threats they discern. Finally, it is important to find out whether the usage of social networking websites improves information – communication abilities in some way.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-39</style></section></record></records></xml>