<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesut Tabuk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Emin Elma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyza Nur Demir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY AND OUTCOME EXPECTANCY REGARDING THE USE OF CONCRETE MANIPULATIVES IN MATHEMATICS TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concrete manipulatives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outcome expectancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/457-1789647969.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Concrete manipulatives are widely used in primary mathematics education to support students’ understanding of abstract mathematical concepts. This study examined pre-service primary school teachers’ self-efficacy and outcome expectancy regarding the use of concrete manipulatives and investigated whether these beliefs differed by sex, year of study, and age. The participants were 118 pre-service teachers enrolled in a primary education programme. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, a paired-samples t test, independent-samples t tests, one-way analyses of variance, and Tukey HSD tests. Mean scores for both self-efficacy and outcome expectancy fell within the agree range established for interpreting the scale. Outcome expectancy scores were significantly higher than self-efficacy scores, indicating that participants expressed stronger beliefs in the instructional benefits of concrete manipulatives than in their ability to use them effectively. No significant differences by sex were found. Both dimensions differed significantly by year of study, with some later-year groups reporting higher scores than earlier-year groups. Age-group differences were found only in self-efficacy; however, this result should be interpreted cautiously because the oldest group included only four participants. The findings indicate an association between year of study and efficacy beliefs but do not establish a causal effect of the teacher education programme. Teacher education programmes should provide sustained, practice-based opportunities for pre-service teachers to select, use, and evaluate concrete manipulatives in classroom settings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">662-675</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayşe Kübra Günel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zehra Kılıç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koray Can</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cenk Gemici</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zerrin Toker</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Aydın</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM-BASED VOCATIONAL WORKSHOP LEARNING: UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD STEM AND THEIR STEM SELF-EFFICACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude toward STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocational workshop learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/457-1789647693.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM-based learning stands out as an important approach in developing students' attitudes toward STEM fields and their perceptions of self-efficacy. The aim of this research was to examine the attitudes of vocational upper-secondary school students toward STEM-based learning and their perceptions of STEM self-efficacy in vocational workshop classes. The research was conducted using a weak experimental design with a single group pre-test and post-test in the 2023–2024 academic year with 30 ninth-grade students studying in the field of Electrical-Electronics Technology at a vocational and technical secondary school in Türkiye. The data were collected through the STEM Attitude Scale and the STEM Self-Efficacy Scale administered before and after the four-week STEM-based teaching application. Descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used in the data analysis. The findings showed that the STEM-based teaching practice was associated with positive changes in students' attitudes toward STEM and their perceptions of STEM self-efficacy. Additionally, a statistically significant and positive relationship was identified between students' attitudes toward STEM and their perceptions of STEM self-efficacy. In conclusion the findings suggest that the integration of STEM-based learning into vocational workshop courses can support students' attitudes toward STEM and their perceptions of self-efficacy. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">587-605</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leona A Candia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon Fah Lay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE AS MEDIATORS BETWEEN PERCEPTIONS OF CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT, FAMILY INVOLVEMENT, SELF-EFFICACY, AND SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">family involvement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science classroom environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1741762018.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous research has indicated that attitudes influence various factors contributing to scientific achievement. Inadequate performance in science can limit career opportunities, underscoring the importance of comprehending how attitudes towards science can enhance overall scientific achievement. This study explored the mediating effect of attitudes towards science for the relationships between perceptions of science classroom environment, family involvement, and science self-efficacy with science achievement. This research was conducted as a non-experimental quantitative research. Questionnaires from modified established instruments, Test of science-Related Attitudes, What Is Happening In this Class, Family Involvement Questionnaire- High School Version, Sources of science Self-Efficacy, and science Achievement Test, were sent out to participants via Google Form on different days for a span of two weeks.  A total of 148 Form 2 lower-secondary school students from various districts in Sabah participated in this study.  Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling method. The results revealed that Social Implications of science had a significant positive mediating effect between perceptions of science classroom environment and science achievement. Additionally, there was no significant mediating effect of attitudes toward science on the relationship between science self-efficacy, and family involvement with science achievement. Overall, this study suggests that an aspect of attitudes toward science, the Social Implications of science, was an important mediator between students’ perceptions of science classroom environment and science achievement. This meant that students would perform better in science when they perceived their science classroom better, in the condition that they value the implications that science brings to real life.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30-47</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitza Davidovitch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roman Yavich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLASSROOM CLIMATE AND STUDENT SELF-EFFICACY IN E-LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching dimensions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/457-1651338281.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The last two decades have seen significant growth in e-Learning in many institutions, with the main growth engine being significant development of technologies providing access to information. These technologies have dramatically changed how societies and individuals communicate. The current study examined whether the paradigm of good teaching dimensions customary in the research literature can predict students’ self-efficacy and social-academic climate in e-Learning. For this purpose, 147 students from different academic institutions were sampled and asked to choose one course they had studied online, completing a questionnaire on their experience of the course. The questionnaire was divided into four sub-topics, where at first the participants were asked to answer several demographic questions and the rest of the questions were divided by the research variables as follows: the first group of questions dealt with perceived self-efficacy; the second group dealt with the teaching dimensions presented in Hativa’s (2015) theory, from which select teaching behaviors were extracted. In the final part, the questionnaire examined the social-academic climate during the course. The research results show correlations between the research variables and some of the demographic variables. The higher the respondent’s age and years of schooling, the higher the lecturer’s evaluation. Furthermore, men were found to rank lecturers on teaching dimensions significantly lower than did women. Respondent self-efficacy rose with age and years of schooling. Moreover, the higher the participants’ age, the more positive the climate reported, and women tended to rank classroom climate higher than did men.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">304-323</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomislava Vidić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marina Đuranović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irena Klasnić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENT MISBEHAVIOUR, TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY, BURNOUT AND JOB SATISFACTION: EVIDENCE FROM CROATIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">burnout</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">job satisfaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1628687525.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student misbehaviour is an increasing problem of contemporary school. The aim of this research was to examine the extent to which teachers perceive student misbehaviour, how self-efficient they are, how satisfied they feel with support from their environment and with the teaching job itself, and to which extent they experience the burnout syndrome. The research included 603 primary and secondary school teachers in the Republic of Croatia, and it found quite low, but significant negative correlations between student misbehaviour and teachers’ self-efficacy, personal accomplishment, and job satisfaction. Besides, positive correlations between student misbehaviour and teacher burnout were also proven. Statistically significant differences between primary and secondary school teachers were found in their experience of student misbehaviour, dealing with adversities related to student misbehaviour and provided support from expert associates. The results of regression analysis indicate that the overall misbehaviour and satisfaction with help from parents significantly contribute to satisfaction with the teaching profession, and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization lead to decrease of job satisfaction. The results also indicate that demographic characteristics, namely years in service and the type of school, do not contribute to the explanation of neither burnout nor job satisfaction. The implications applicable in practice could relate to the need for preventing student misbehaviour and empowering teachers, regardless of their in-service years and the type of school they work at.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">657-673</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renata Texeira Gomes de Freitas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camila Aparecida Tolentino Cicuto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maurícius Selvero Pazinato</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOTIVATION TO LEARN NATURAL SCIENCES IN THE CONTEXT OF A TRAINING OF TEACHERS COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation for grades</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivational factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students self-determination</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=2537293</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present research verified the role motivational factors play in the learning process, using an undergraduate Natural Sciences course. The overall aim was to evaluate the motivation of these students, determine if motivation varied with the number of years of university attended and identify which motivational factors influence the learning of Natural Sciences. In total, 73 students, during different course offerings from 2012 to 2017, participated in the research, which corresponded to 56.5% of the total enrollment from that time frame. A questionnaire, which was organized into two parts, was employed for data collection, and scored using the Likert scale. In the first part, the following motivational factors were assessed: intrinsic motivation, self-determination, career motivation, self-efficacy and grade motivation. In the second part, the teaching strategies and activities utilized during the course were evaluated with regards to their motivational character. It was found that a majority of students were motivated and that the level of motivation increased throughout the course, being driven by intrinsic factors, that indicated that the students were trying harder to learn scientific concepts, rather than seeking approval and rewards. Furthermore, it was found that participation in projects was the most motivational activity, followed by the academic week and internships. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">359-370</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citra Kurniawan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Punaji Setyosari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waras Kamdi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saida Ulfa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING STUDENTS' SELF-EFFICACY TOWARDS VISUAL-VERBAL PREFERENCES USING DATA MINING METHODS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">data mining</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual-verbal preferences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/457-1561381997.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research was to build a classification model and to measure the correlation of self-efficacy with visual-verbal preferences using data mining methods. This research used the J48 classifier and linear projection method as an approach to see patterns of data distribution between self-efficacy and visual-verbal preferences. The measurement of the correlation of engineering students' self-efficacy with visual-verbal preferences using the data mining method approach gets the result that self-efficacy does not correlate with visual-verbal preferences. However, engineering students' self-efficacy influences the achievement of initial learning outcomes. Visual-verbal preference is more influenced by students' interest in images so it can be concluded that self-efficacy affects the initial results of learning but does not have a correlation with visual-verbal preferences. The results of the decision tree provide the results that are easily understood and present a correlation between self-efficacy and visual-verbal preferences in a visual form.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">349-363</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hassan, Ul. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY: EFFECTIVE INDICATOR TOWARDS STUDENTS’ SUCCESS IN MEDIUM OF EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement scores</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education medium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ engagement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/457-1571384846.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School is a subculture of any society having different educational diversity. This diversity affects on teachers and students achievements; pillars of teaching learning process. Teachers have great concerns towards students’ success. They deliver plethora of information to improve students’ achievements. Present quantitative ex-post-facto research was framed to explore the effect of teachers’ self-efficacy on students’ achievement scores applying multilingual instructions for students’ success on sample of randomly selected 1100 male respondents; 300 secondary school teachers and 800 students of District Kasur, of Lahore Division. Data from teachers were collected by administering long form of Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale whereas students’ achievement scores were obtained from annual gazette notification of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Lahore. Cronbach’s Alpha Score was applied to confirm instrument’s reliability .851. Normality of the data were confirmed by calculating Shapiro-Wilk’s test. Findings of regression analysis depict that overall teachers’ self-efficacy has affected 65 % whereas students’ engagement 59 %, educational strategies 60 %, classroom management 59 % and teachers’ medium of education has affected 30 % on students’ achievement scores. Present research recommends that Government structure teachers’ self-efficacious believes through providing training, conducting workshops before joining teaching professions and ensuring certificates; once teachers’ confidence structure, less possible to alter to obtained desired achievements during teaching learning process. Furthermore, it is dire need to implement single medium of instructions; English / Urdu in public sector secondary schools of Punjab as bilingual medium of education have been remaining one of the barrier that lead students towards poor achievements.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">667-679</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knut-Andreas   Christophersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eyvind   Elstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Solhaug</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Are   Turmo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENDER VARIATIONS IN NORWEGIAN PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivational orientations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1430294332.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-service teachers’ gender and its associations with motivational orientations are under-researched issues. This study, therefore, used a survey methodology to research gender variations in the motivational orientations of pre-service teachers in general. The research clearly shows that male pre-service teachers are less motivated than their female counterparts and have higher levels of disillusion motivation. Female pre-service teachers are more influenced by teacher role models and show higher levels of intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy in classroom management. Males seem to internalize external academic pressure to a lesser extent. Further research is needed to better understand these significant findings. The conclusion is that interactions between gender and pre-service teachers’ motivational orientations need to be further explored and explicitly addressed by teacher educators. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-28</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sotiria Tzivinikou</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF AN IN-SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE SELF-EFFICACY OF SPECIAL AND GENERAL EDUCATION TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuing professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1432232539.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ professional development is the key to education improvement. On that basis, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-month in-service training program in the context of the continuing professional development for educators on educational practice. The main objective of the training program was to improve the educators’ teaching skills, to enrich their practices with the most effective strategies and with the newest findings from research evidence in order to increase the quality of their educational interventions for students with special educational needs. An innovation of that program was the simultaneous training of both general and special education teachers in pairs, smoothing the dividing lines between general and special education in their daily instructional practice. The participants were 30 educators, divided into 15 pairs. Each pair was working in the same inclusive school sharing the responsibility of the educational support of a student with learning problems. The estimation of the impact of the program was investigated by measuring the educators’ increasing sense of self-efficacy in relation to their instructional skills and overall effectiveness of their educational interventions for their students with learning difficulties. A pre and post evaluation research design was employed and the findings showed that the training program had a positive impact on the educators’ self-efficacy and their effectiveness regarding collaborative educational interventions for their students. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95-107</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emine Erdem</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND ATTITUDES OF CHEMISTRY TEACHER CANDIDATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry laboratory applications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1430137011.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study has been carried out with the aim of investigating the relationship between the attitudes of chemistry teacher candidates towards chemistry in laboratory classes and their self-efficacy beliefs. Teacher candidates composed of undergraduate students who have already taken or are currently taking laboratory classes and study Chemistry Teaching have participated in this study. Relational survey model has been used in this study. Chemistry Attitude Scale (CAS) developed by Geban, Ertepınar, Yılmaz, Altın &amp; Şahbaz (1994) and Chemistry Self-efficacy Scale (CSS) were used as data collection tools. Simple correlation and one-way analysis of variance in independent groups have been used in order to analyse data. According to the results from study data, there is a meaningful linear relationship between self-efficacy scores and attitude scores of teacher candidates. An increase in self-efficacy scores and attitude scores of teacher candidates with regard to consecutive grade levels has also been observed. Self-efficacy and attitude scores of the students have been compared by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). However, a meaningful difference in self-efficacy scores and attitude scores of students with regard to grade levels has not been observed.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62-70</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simha   Sharf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yaffa   Moskovich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE TRAINING LECTURER (TL): THE LECTURER TEACHES AND GUIDES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">training lecturer</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1410007404.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There have been studies on action research in small-group learning in exact and social sciences in colleges and universities in Israel and worldwide (Gorsky &amp; Caspi, 2005; Gorsky, Caspi and Trumper, 2006). This paper is based on research which investigates teaching social sciences in higher education by means of a Training Lecturer (TL). This teaching method uses frontal instruction, immediately followed by the students working in small groups under the TL guidance. The main research question was: How do both following the class with the tutorial, as well as the lecturer himself guiding the students , affect the students’ thinking and learning process, their conceptualization skills, and their satisfaction with the learning process? 
 The method in this study was based on combination of qualitative (open interviews) and quantitative samples of 92 students, from two classrooms. Our new method (TL) was the independent variable, the students' academic achievement, self efficiency and demographic characteristics were our dependent variables. 
 The main research finding was a correlation between students' attitudes toward the TL method, and improvements in both self-efficacy and academic achievements. There was a strong correlation between the TL method and friendliness, self efficacy, comprehension, interest and success. The TL method discussion group, which serves as a platform for developing thinking and learning, is the greatest contributor to explained variance at 13.971% and credibility Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.779. The students participating in this project generally had higher achievements in the final test in comparison to the average achievements after previous teaching. There are usually 40% failures in courses such as “organizational behavior”; the amount of students failing dropped to 10-15%.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95-109</style></section></record></records></xml>