<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Yücel Ertem</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINATION OF SYSTEM OF TRANSITION TO UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOLS FROM LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TERMS OF STUDENT, CLASS, AND SCHOOL LEVEL VARIABLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HLM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transition to upper-secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1617434461.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central exams which are reflection of structure of education systems determine many schooling processes. Especially, scores coming from these exams are indicators for student performance.  Transition to upper-secondary school from lower-secondary school is based on “System of Transition to Upper-Secondary Schools” (LGS). The current study aimed to examine the relationship between scores on System of Transition to High Schools (LGS) and student, classroom, and school level variables. The design of the study is a correlational research. The random sample consisted of 731 students from 47 classrooms in the 15 lower-secondary schools. Secondary data coming from educational institutions via school information form were analyzed by Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM). School success score as a student-level variable, experience of a class teacher as a classroom-level variable, and a number of exam branch teachers, and a number of teachers assigned in support and training courses as school-level variables predicted significantly students’ performance in LGS. Considering the results of the current study, activities for professional development of teachers is recommended urgently to increase performance of the students. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194-206</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dawit Legesse Edamo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tshilidzi Netshitangani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEADERSHIP, SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS: THE EXPERIENCES OF THE SCHOOLS COMMUNITY IN ETHIOPIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school community</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school support</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stakeholder collaboration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theory of change</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1540319866.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This was a qualitative research, which explored how the school community experienced the outcomes of leadership on the effectiveness of the school improvement program (SIP) on Sidama Zone schools, Ethiopia. Four schools were purposively selected. Data were collected using interviews, focus group discussions, observation and documents, which included school plans, reports, minutes of meetings, memos, letters and the students' examination results were analyzed as they reflected issues related to the outcomes of the SIP on the school’s effectiveness. Principals, teachers, students, supervisors, parent teacher association members and SIP experts were interviewed. The findings indicate that in schools where there is strong collaboration of the school community in the planning, decision-making, monitoring and evaluation processes, the improvement initiatives are owned by all in the school and the performance of the schools is enhanced. It is recommended that the roles of the principals be redirected, the number of supervisors be increased, diverse professional development opportunities for principals and teachers be created, the recruitment, appointment and retention of principals be reconsidered and mechanisms to check school plans and performance reports be created.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">587-600</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feyzi Osman Pekel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA RESULTS OR X-RAY FILMS OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA assessments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-equipped students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstract.php?icid=1227390</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To be able to develop well-equipped students in accordance with the expectations of the society is one of the objectives of every education system in every country. In this sense, monitoring student performance comparatively at international level, assessing students and schools characteristics is crucially important in order to structuring individuals’ future lives. Determining student performances in different subject areas is a way for the countries examining the performance of their education systems (Anagün, 2011). Results of these assessments and evaluations enable steering the educational policy by diagnosing/revising the failures of the system. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan Poland</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linda Plevyak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">US STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE: A REVIEW OF THE FOUR MAJOR SCIENCE ASSESSMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standardized testing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student performance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/457-1432232267.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research is to review the nature of four major science assessments administered in the United States: the ACT, PISA, TIMSS, and NAEP. Each assessment provides a very different view into US student performance in science. The TIMSS and PISA are international assessments of student performance and are often cited as evidence that US students are underperforming in comparison to their international peers. The NAEP is used to assess student knowledge of science across multiple age ranges in the United States. Finally, the ACT is administered to college-bound students who elect to take the exam. The underlying philosophies and basic structures of each assessment are explored, and comparisons and contrasts between the assessments are drawn. Historical student performance on each assessment is also analyzed. Analysis of these assessments suggests that US students struggle to apply scientific skills at the high school level, while US middle and elementary students understand scientific content knowledge well. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-65</style></section></record></records></xml>