<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friyatmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djemari Mardapi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haryanto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING STUDENTS’ HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL ITEM RESPONSE THEORY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIRT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/457-1587022339.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The development of the economics HOTS test that combines critical thinking skills, problem-solving, and critical thinking are essential to meet the challenges of the 21st century life skills. The combination of these thinking skills in the HOT test will help teachers to diagnose students' strengths and weaknesses. However, it could interfere with the accuracy of the measurement results if analyzed using IRT in a single analysis. The Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) resolved the accuracy of the measurement issues. This research aimed to develop the economics HOTS test to estimate the student’s abilities in higher order thinking skills using the MIRT.  The samples were 750 high school students selected from fourteen high schools in West Sumatera, Indonesia. The data were collected using tests which calibrated through the simple-structure MIRT model using R studio. The test reliability was calculated based on coefficients Alpha and test information function. The results show MIRT offers accurate measurement in estimating multidimensional test parameters. The item had a moderate average multidimensional discriminant and difficulty, while the students had a moderate HOTS ability. Their ability to think creatively was lower than critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. The test was proven to be reliable with coefficients Alpha of 0.81, it yielded a high-test information function of the 4.0124, and a low measurement error of 0.4992. It is suitable to be tested on students who have moderate abilities in problem-solving and critical thinking, but with high creative thinking ability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">196-214</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Djidu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kartianom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezi Apino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risqa D. Anazifa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS AND ITS LEARNING STRATEGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement and assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1524597598.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Higher order thinking skill (HOTS) is one of the students’ abilities that should be developed through teaching and learning. Teachers’ knowledge about HOTS and its teaching and learning tactics is a key to successful education. The purpose of this research is to describe teachers’ knowledge about higher order thinking skills (HOTS). The research involves qualitative study with the phenomenological approach. The research participants are 27 mathematics teachers from state and private junior high schools across 7 provinces in Indonesia. The researcher collected data with a test followed by focus group discussion (FGD) and interviews. The analysis of data involved Bogdan &amp; Biklen model and descriptive statistics for data from the test. The analysis of FGD, and test data intends to get information on 6 sub-themes; teachers’ knowledge about HOTS, importance of HOTS, teaching about HOTS to students, improving students’ HOTS, measuring and assessing HOTS, and teachers’ ability for solving HOTS-based problems. The results indicate that teachers’ knowledge about HOTS, their ability to improve students’ HOTS, solve HOTS-based problems, and measure students' HOTS is still low. There are facts, however, that teachers already understand the importance of HOTS and teaching it by using various innovative learning models. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-230</style></section></record></records></xml>