<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milica M. Gajić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera D. Županec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snežana S. Babić-Kekez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandra R. Trbojević</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING IN NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innovative approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methodological design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research paradigms</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1634799965.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous research of inquiry-based learning in natural science education indicates that there are different methodological trends and paradigms in the study of these issues. The aim of this research has been to analyze the selected relevant studies on inquiry-based learning in natural science education in order to assess their scope and limitations in the light of educational changes and reform initiatives. Directions of analysis of the relevant studies include considerations of the following: 1) Theoretical starting points and specific conceptual solutions, 2) Methodological design (research questions / problems, methods, techniques, and procedures), as well as 3) (Re)interpretation of the most significant findings. It could be stated that studies on inquiry-based learning in the field of natural sciences are rather insufficient, very diverse and heterogeneous, differing from each other both in terms of theory and conceptual solutions, research problems, methodological design, and implications for educational work. Even though experiments are very common in natural sciences, it has been found that triangulation is often used as a combination of qualitative and quantitative paradigms. The common thread that connects the selected studies in this field is the recognition of importance of inquiry-based learning as a very promising model of active teaching the natural sciences. It could be concluded that such studies require an interdisciplinary approach to the subject of study, both in empirical and theoretical field, providing better understanding of the future research directions of this phenomenon. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">728-750</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HUMANISATION OF NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION AS A PROBLEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanistic philosophy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanization of the educational process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perception of nature</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstract.php?icid=971782</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present humankind has to solve a number of serious problems. Under the threat of the ecology catastrophe, concern for physical and spiritual health care is felt. All our relations with nature turn out to be problematic. The establishment of a harmonious correlation between nature and society becomes an important task. We cannot exclusively rely on knowledge and mind in any activity as these are not overall dimensions. Enforcement of humanism, democracy and being a good citizen - these are common everyday issues in our schools today. The goal of the education reform is to make a school the place for creating a personality and not only the place to pump with knowledge.
Yet human being perceives aesthetical, ethical or other values only when exceptionally subtly minded. The perception of nature as a value is primarily delimited the material interests. Aesthetical values are versatile and serve everyone. Perceiving and cherishing ethical values and moreover, following them is a more difficult task. A human educational process is a marvellous one as it is able to point out the subtle features of human mind and soul. From this standpoint, natural sciences teaching at school are very auspicious. In this case, the humanization of natural science education can be understood as an undivided action of the basic education principles in the training process. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-7</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnaldo Arroio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana M.  Farías</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CINEMA IN NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION TO UNDERSTAND HOW SCIENTISTS AND SCIENCE WORKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and scientist image</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific speech</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1408435629.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is presented some considerations related to the role of cinema to introduce and contextualize issues as the image of science and scientists and how science works. Cinema can be used as an important tool in science teacher training or education because it lets to establish connections between two relevant aspects in natural science classrooms: the emotional component that allows the audience to establish a relation with the characters of scientific stories (Arroio, 2010) and the historical-philosophical-sociological component which contributes to show a more real image of science in school. Cinema can help to show the presence of different influences in science as the importance of contexts, and to discuss about the presence of some stereotypes, and an idealized image of individual-male scientific work, a neutral science, the meaning of discovery among others. Some movies were analized to establish this possible contribution. In further, according to these results it is possible to compare some important elements of scientific discourse presented in cinema and this one in science school textbooks.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18-28</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEN THESES ON MODERN NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1406575826.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite of the fact that natural science education questions are constantly discussed, it is necessary to give much more real attention to this area. It is obvious that the spectrum of the topics of natural science education is too wide and one short article should not manage to cover all burning questions. The author has not raised a task to „exhaustively discuss“ the problems of natural science education. The author held the view that it is important to draw attention to some key moments.
The mentioned ten thesis correlate with natural science literacy in one way or another. It is clear that poor attention is paid to natural science education till now. Public natural science literacy is low. In the 21st century, every person encounters pressing problems of environment pollution, nature devastation, health, etc. New socio-ecologic issues become pronounced (for example, air ionization in the room determined by computers). 21st century is the one of technologies, genetics and information. We will be made to live a different life. The present situation is stressful, for example, overwork with computers, TV and other technologies determine a headache, sight problems, claustrophobia, etc. The man has a majestic and powerful mind but often is full of evil spirit. He has a wish and possibility of making. However, he successfully destroys the creation. The scientists have expressed a serious concern over nature. Therefore, natural science education is not the only subject of discussions today. It is more frequently examined in a very broad context which is natural science – technological – noosspheric education. The professionals of natural science education accept personal responsibility for the creation and extension of natural science education which is supposed to be a primary duty and obligation. Consequently, training of the comprehensive school teachers of natural sciences and the permanent development of natural science competence are very important features from this point of view. School cannot effectively work without the teachers and education managers of suitable qualification. Generally speaking, natural science education is an integral part of general education and educatedness. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-8</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRADITIONAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION PARALLELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivist education approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching activity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstract.php?icid=939893</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years attention to natural science education is not decreasing. In various information sources we can find a constantly expressed position that natural science – technological literacy of young generation is not only insufficient but also very often inadequate to the time requirements. We can claim with confidence, that the whole last decade (2000-2010) in one way or another was devoted to the discussion of the mentioned problem in various aspects. What is really important today and especially in perspective?
 Thus, we can claim, that constructivist approach teaching natural science subjects is not the only one that is true. It is necessary to search for clear complex, mixed approaches based on systemic thinking and activity. From this point of view, applying of different strategies in teaching activity is an important and desirable thing. However, only good wishes aren’t enough for this. Broadly speaking, a suitable educational environment is necessary; secure working conditions have to be created for teachers and so on. After all, every educational situation is unique. Teacher’s professional skills become a cornerstone and integrating element of the whole educational process.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-7</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margarita  V. Shishonok</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eugene  V. Makarenko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF LECTURE FORM ON PROGRESS IN STUDIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slide show</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistical analyze</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=2594544</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The results of statistical analyze of the lectures form effect on the progress in studies are presented. Two variants of lecture material representation are compared: the classical lecture with the use of traditional blackboard and chalk and the lecture in the form of slide-show. The results of ten examinations (for the last eight years) on the discipline “Chemistry of high-molecular compounds” has been treated. The significant increase (54 %) of excellent marks share and the decrease (25 %) of unsatisfactory marks share has been revealed as a result of the progressive lecture form as slide-show. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114-119</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS „ARISE“ AND „IQST“ FOR IMPROVING QUALITY OF SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">augmented reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1400514560.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An international cooperation is undoubtedly an important issue. Science is science and it has an international character. Moreover, such cooperation is crucially important for scientists from former Soviet Union countries, because they had no possibility to communicate with colleagues from abroad or such cooperation was strongly limited. It is obvious if we want to obtain the necessary scientific information about different things, to enlarge technological possibilities of societies and so on, generally speaking, to make our world more safe and better, international cooperation among scientists is essential. Only all together we will be able to meet a broad range of global challenges today and tommorow.
 It is obvious that all projects are different. For example, large-scale scientific projects are very different to standard scale projects, which can be characterised mainly in four aspects: budget, human resources, time scale, productivity. The projects usually comprises experts from different areas of science and education. Another argument is that the globalization is becoming an international trend making countries open their doors, integrate and participate further in international co-operation activities. Generally speaking, we should recognize the importance of projects to education success. Projects generally are doing something new, innovative and this is very important. </style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-7</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas  Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNERS' INTERACTION WITH NATURE: SOME EDUCATIONAL ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correlation with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1399913983.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theoretic and empiric research conducted by a number of scientists has indicated that a well-grounded content of teaching and a purposefully planed process of natural science education create opportunities for pupils to better understand an environment, to perceive themselves as active members of the ever-changing world and to take responsibility for the future of our planet. Though there have been plenty of local ecology crises throughout the history of mankind, today we can clearly face a new global ecology crisis approaching. It requires a new organization of the evolutionary process of the world that is the basis for the renovation of the correlation among Human Being, Nature and Society.�
The necessity of creating a new morality and ethics under new conditions was raised in the past century. It should have been based on qualitatively new relations between Human Being and Nature. Hence, it could be affirmed that natural science education is a very auspicious field of individual self-expression. On the other hand, investigations have revealed that the problem of natural science education exists. Frequently the pupils’ knowledge about nature is shallow, insufficient and ineffective at different age range. Moreover, the reaction of behaviour to the same stimulus highly differ (a child can be aggressive, sadistic, pragmatic, practical, cognitive, aesthetic, ethic and indifferent) even in an equivalent situation (for example, children have noticed a creeping beetle on the path).
The following propositions could be specified:
• effective natural science education does not require conformable psychological substantiation;
• the interaction with nature varies and remains specific within the various periods of life;
• the mission of the teacher is to wisely manage an evolutionary process of the “real” interaction with nature/particularly in primary school;
• an important task of the education system is the framing of the world concept on the basis of the contemporary natural science world view (natural science concept of the world). The holistic concept of natural phenomena is a solid core of all levels and stages of the education system. 
• all levels of natural science education system (the aspects of teaching content and practical activities) have to guarantee the continuity of formulation the concept of animate and inanimate nature as the whole system;
• individual responsibility of the young generation for the future of our planet is the essential (prior) task of natural science education; 
• there is a lack of research intended for the interaction with nature in different periods of ontogenesis in Lithuania.�
Finally, I want to point out some actual moments. A child faces nature very early, and therefore s/he needs to acknowledge it. We should help children to know it, to make them engaged in the environment they live, to approve their close interaction with natural phenomena and to explain the complexity of natural objects from earliest childhood. After all, it is not enough to say „I love nature“. S/he has to admire, feel and confess it. The better a man perceives nature, the stronger becomes his/her correlation with the environment. The man turns into individuality. A human personality cannot progress if isolated from an animate environment. This cohesion should be fostered on the basis of peace from the early days.</style></abstract><reprint-edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></reprint-edition><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-9</style></section></record></records></xml>