<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burak Cesur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeki Özen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF A DRAMA-BASED READING SUPPORT PROGRAM ON THE READING COMPREHENSION, MOTIVATION, AND ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS WITH READING DIFFICULTIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative drama</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intervention program</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading difficulty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/457-1789647599.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Difficulties in reading present a multifaceted challenge that affects not only students’ achievement but also their affective growth. This research focuses on evaluating the effect of the Drama-Based Reading Support Program (DBRSP), which possesses a multicomponent structure and was developed for primary school students with reading difficulties. To assess the intervention, a quantitative research approach was utilized, specifically adopting a single-group pre-experimental design with pre- and post-test measures. The study group consists of 8 fourth-grade primary school students who do not have any intellectual disabilities or diagnoses but experience reading difficulties, determined by criterion sampling.  The Informal Reading Inventory, Reading Motivation Scale, and Reading Attitude Scale were used for data collection. During the implementation process, a 32-hour (8-week) intervention program integrating drama techniques with reading strategies was applied. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The research findings revealed that the DBRSP implementation significantly increased the students’ reading comprehension skills and reading motivation levels. Conversely, it was determined that the program did not create a statistically significant difference in the students’ attitudes toward reading in the short term. Consequently, these preliminary findings suggest that drama-based activities may serve as a promising intervention tool supporting both the cognitive and motivational development of students with reading difficulties by transforming the reading process from a mechanical act into an experiential one; however, given the single-group design and limited sample size, these results should be interpreted as exploratory, and further research is needed before broader generalizability can be claimed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">565-586</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deborah Lumecio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Paul Canuto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeraquel Bulintao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jerachel Balabal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeberlyn Agiao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesa Olnas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gloria Madanni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING ENGLISH WORD RECOGNITION AND READING COMPREHENSION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH SHARED READING INTERVENTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English reading performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ifugao</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philippines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shared reading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">word recognition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4771002</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shared reading is one way to support students' reading performances, as it builds a strong foundation for reading literacy and fosters collaboration. However, its role in supporting local students' academic reading performances remains underexplored. This study examined the effectiveness of shared reading as an English reading intervention in enhancing primary school students' word recognition and reading comprehension. Determining the significant differences in their reading performance before and after the intervention was included. Ten Grade 3 students from a primary school in Tinoc, Ifugao, Philippines, who were evaluated with English reading frustration levels, were purposively selected as participants. Using classroom action research, pre- and post-tests were administered to measure their reading progress. Results indicated that the students generally improved significantly in their academic reading performances after using the shared reading intervention. Although some students still experienced frustration levels in their word recognition and comprehension, most were determined to achieve instructional and independent levels by the end of the shared reading sessions. This suggests that the shared reading intervention effectively enhanced the students' word recognition and reading comprehension. This study emphasizes the significance of structured reading interventions at the primary level in enhancing reading proficiency and equipping young students with the essential skills necessary for academic reading success.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137-156</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marilou Bugtong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zenia Milio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Paul Canuto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuvimin Lumidao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marites Choycawen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deborah Lumecio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daisy Bando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENGLISH COMICS AS READING MATERIALS AND INTERVENTION IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English comics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philippines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading material</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4604143</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With the engaging blend of visuals and texts, comics have emerged as promising tools for enhancing reading comprehension in primary classrooms. This study examined how incorporating English comics as reading materials and interventions impact students' reading comprehension. It also determined students' perceptions on the use of English comics to improve their reading comprehension. Explanatory sequential design was employed. Specifically, classroom action research was utilized in the quantitative phase. Pre-and post-test assessments were used to determine differences in students' reading comprehension performances. For the qualitative phase, a semi-structured interview was used to determine students' perceptions of the comics. The study involved 20 Grade 5 students at Palabayan Elementary School (PES), Tinoc, Ifugao, Philippines. Quantitative results showed significant improvement in the students' reading comprehension after using the comics. Qualitative findings divulged four main themes: comics design, the impact of comics on reading comprehension, challenges encountered, and suggestions for improvement of the comics. Students indicated the positive influence of visually appealing design elements and well-designed picture and text alignment. Accordingly, it helped improve their reading comprehension and increased their pleasure in reading. Challenges encountered include visual and textual overload, as well as students' limited vocabulary. Students’ recommendations include improving the clarity of the comics, adding more pictures for visual appeal, and enhancing the designs of the comics. Nonetheless, this study implies the impact of English comics and supports their utilization as reading materials and an intervention tool for enhancing young students' reading comprehension. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">480-500</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esther Molebogeng Thage</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patricia Namayammu Mokgosi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jane Tozama Mthembu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING GUIDED READING APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE READING PROFICIENCY OF ENGLISH SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN SOUTH AFRICA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guided reading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading fluency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading proficiencies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">second language</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1639554504.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guided reading (GR) approach has been shown to have positive effect on reading fluency and comprehension. However, most studies on GR have focused on primary schools, specifically the Foundation Phase. Therefore, this study employed the GR approach to examine its possible effects on the reading proficiencies of Grade 9 English Second Language (ESL) learners in Gauteng province. Social and cognitive constructivism underpinned the study, which employed action research to determine the possible effects of implementing GR on the reading proficiencies of a sample of eight Grade 9 ESL learners who were purposively selected to participate in this study. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and reflection cards, oral and written reading tests. Results indicated that GR approach had caused a significant improvement in these learners’ reading fluency and comprehension because of collaborative learning and scaffolding. In addition, GR also developed a sense of ownership in their learning, a sense of community and innovative and inquisitive minds. The study recommends that learners who struggle with reading be identified early, and GR intervention strategies be implemented and monitored. Every school needs to have a reading policy and the Education Department should ensure that it is implemented and monitored.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">971-992</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zvonka   Cencelj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marija Ropič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPROVEMENT OF READING LITERACY AND ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading and learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1413727872.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers often realize that the main cause of learning problems concerning students is a very bad reading literacy. It can be found out that the majority of students have problems reading; they often avoid textual exercises or read them slowly and confront with the problem of not understanding the text they have read. Reading literacy has been dealt with very often lately. Slovenia as a country takes part in some international projects and researches, trying to develop, improve and measure reading literacy. 
 The following article is written to present the results of the 2009 PISA study on reading literacy, milestones for reading at the end of the third three-year cycle, the level of comprehension in reading and our findings on the functional literacy of elementary school pupils of one of Slovenian schools in teaching technical subjects.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28-35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaisa   Kiiveri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaarina   Määttä</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satu   Uusiautti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LITERACY MATTERS –THE 21ST-CENTURY CHILDREN’S OPINIONS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LITERACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children’s perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning to read</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1419345063.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although teaching of reading skills and the prerequisites of literacy are extensively studied, children’s opinions on learning to read are not. The aim of this research was to reveal children’s opinions on learning to read at the time they start school. Forty-three children (23 girls, 20 boys), aged six and a half years, were interviewed preceded by measurements of their level of literacy. Children were divided into three groups: the good readers (n= 8, 19 %) who were able to read easy texts; the ones who recognized some words (n=16, 37 %) or letters but were not exactly able to read; and the non-readers (n=19, 44 %) who recognized some letters but were not able to read words. Data were analyzed with the phenomenographic method. Learning to read appeared as a surprising and pleasant experience, but also demanding. School entrants showed strong belief and trust in their own abilities to learn to read and were careful and realistic when evaluating them. A challenge of today's teaching is to pay attention to all children with their various skills and learning perceptions to secure each individual child's learning, especially when instructing them with new methods and means. Multiple literacies are considered necessary for succeeding in the postmodern world.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-39</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marija Ropič</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WEB GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS AS AN ADVANCED STRATEGY FOR TEACHING SCIENCE TEXTBOOK READING COMPREHENSION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">categorization of concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science textbooks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1409840284.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents the results of the 5 months experiment in which the influence of using a web graphic organizer in the science literacy curriculum was observed. The interest of the study was focused on the quality and quantity of learning/understanding the explicatory text description from the science textbook. The experiment included students at the age of 8-9 years. Science and L1 class were integrated for this purpose: teachers were instructed to use web graphic organizer as a tool for visualizing the text structure on the level of concrete cognitive operations. The results show the effect of using the web graphic organizer on students’ competence to find out what in the science textbook text is important, on the level of text comprehension and on the competence of comparing new information with the previous knowledge.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-99</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kozeta  Hyso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elida  Tabaku</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY TEACHING TO ADVANCED FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDENTS IN IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context clues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocabulary knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1405178572.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocabulary is important for understanding difficult reading materials. English vocabulary teaching at higher reading levels should involve direct teaching and context-based approaches. Many studies have stated the need for a systematic and principled approach to vocabulary teaching and learning , as word knowledge is essential to reading comprehension not only at elementary levels of reading but also to reading and comprehending the texts students read at university. 
 This research was conducted with 80 first year students studying English as their major in the University of Vlora and University of Tirana, Albania.
 The aim of this research is to give an overview of the beliefs the students have about vocabulary learning, its direct teaching, its importance in university studies and of the vocabulary learning strategies used by them. It also highlights some of the effective strategies used by first-year university students. Teaching and applying a wide range of vocabulary learning strategies will help university students be aware of the importance of vocabulary learning and enrich their own vocabulary. Teaching independent word-learning strategies, including the use of context clues, the use of word parts, and efficient use of the dictionary is useful even for advanced English university students. The conclusions reached are that direct teaching of vocabulary in university context is important and leads to better text comprehension.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-62</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mona Holmqvist</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Per-Ola  Holmquist</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wai Ming  Cheung</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE SAME LESSON IN TWO DIFFERENT CULTURES – WHAT DIFFERS AND WHAT IS THE SAME? A LEARNING STUDY ON READING COMPREHENSION IN SWEDEN AND HONG KONG</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variation theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1400135760.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This project is about the relationship between what happens in the classroom and what the students learn from reading. We have found that what the students learn may differ in different classes radically even if the school resources are the same, learning is organized in the same way, even if the students are equally capable and motivated and even if the teachers are equally well educated and experienced. We have found that radical differences in what the students learn frequently originate from differences in how the content of learning is handled, structured in the interaction between teachers and students. Such differences have to do with what is made possible for the students to discern, to notice, to become aware of, through what is said, what is exemplified, what commonalities and what differences are brought out by means of discernment, simultaneity and the systematic use of variation. The study is a comparison between how reading comprehension is taught in two different cultures, Sweden and Hong Kong. The same lesson, developed and designed in Hong Kong, and content is given to three school year four-classes in Sweden and one school year-four class in Hong Kong, in the learning study model. The results show the similarities and differences between the learning outcomes, but also the similarities and differences in how the teachers offer the students to experience the object of learning and what implications this have on the student‘s results. The results show how powerful the design of the lessons is independent of the different cultural settings. 
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-82</style></section></record></records></xml>