<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sergii Boltivets</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE UKRAINIAN GENESIS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY IN THE RESISTANCE TO RUSSIAN AGGRESSION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">development methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feofan Prokopovich</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgy Konysky</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grigory Skovoroda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">happiness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Seligman</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mongoloids and Europeans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">positive psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservation of human life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservation of life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Russian bombings and shelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Russian genocide of Ukrainians</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sources of hope</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4751097</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article presents the methodology for the development of positive psychology among established branches of psychological knowledge. Three main questions of methodology are considered: the first question is to determine what is included in the subject of positive psychology and what remains outside it. The second question is about the ratio of the volume of what is covered by the subject of positive psychology compared to what remains outside it. The answers to the third question are to find out how functional, and therefore self-sufficient for preserving life, the formation of positive psychology is in the conditions of the Russian genocide of Ukrainians in Ukraine: what are the sources of hope for the preservation of human life in the conditions of constant nightly Russian bombing of homes of families with children, daytime artillery shelling, rapes, hangings, drownings, burnings, injuries, shootings of the Ukrainian population in their own homes and during attempts to evacuate from the territories occupied by the Russians. Based on the search for answers to these three methodological questions, the article focuses on the ideas and positions of one of the founders of positive psychology in the USA, Martin Seligman. The article poses the dilemma of coexistence: &quot;Can one species have well-being and happiness against the background or at the expense of other life on our planet?&quot; It is noted that, unlike the European cultural process, psychological thought in Ukraine over the past millennium has developed in a wave-like manner, being directly dependent on the degree of protection or aggressiveness of the geocultural environment structured by various state formations that tried to conquer Ukraine by military means combined with other means of genocide and assimilation. The prototype of the theory of positive psychology is the theory of emotions, created in 1706-1710 by Feofan Prokopovich, which was set out in the fifth book of the textbook &quot;On the Art of Rhetoric&quot; under the title &quot;On the Interpretation of the Affects of the Soul.&quot; Answers to the question of human happiness were developed by Georgy Konysky, Hryhoriy Skovoroda’s teacher at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in his theory of happiness, and by Hryhoriy Skovoroda himself. The article argues that the inevitable conflict between acquisition and creation, plunder and preservation of the results of one’s labor, murder of people and protection of their lives determines the current war between the Mongoloid race, which is concentrated in Russia, and the Europeans, to which Ukrainians and their state Ukraine belong, which has always taken the first blow from the time of the Golden Horde to the present day. At each of these stages of the development of human civilization, which was accompanied by wars, murders, and plunder, the preservation of life was determined by the hope for its preservation and a better future, and therefore – for security, well-being, and happiness. All this determines the ground on which positive psychology arises with its faith and justification of human creative abilities in order to improve existing relationships, living conditions, and happiness.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-32</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anastasia Kitiashvili</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DROPOUT DYNAMICS AND POST-DROPOUT TRAJECTORIES IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING: ROLE OF ATTITUDES, SOCIAL IDENTITY AND WELL-BEING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dropout from VET</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational barriers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students' attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocational Education and Training (VET)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/444-1735655626.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explores the dynamics of dropout and post-dropout trajectories of young people in vocational education and training (VET), focusing on attitudes, social identity, and well-being. It studied whether students were pushed away from the educational institution because of school-related issues, pulled due to other commitments, or disengaged. Besides, it explored students' post-dropout paths, such as pursuing higher qualifications (upward dropout), changing their educational program (horizontal dropout), or leaving the education system altogether (downward dropout). The methodology involved survey research with 300 former VET students selected through convenience sampling and nine focus groups. The average dropout duration was 5.4 months, with lower socioeconomic status linked to shorter dropout periods. Institutional factors were the primary drivers of dropping-out over which students had limited influence. Students often made uninformed decisions about dropout. &quot;Downward dropout&quot; was prominent, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged students, often leading them to unemployment or low-skilled employment. Many young people expressed interest in continuing VET programs, while some opted for higher education or employment. Less than 1/5th had no plans, increasing the risk of becoming NEETs (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) who need support. Social identity and attitudes towards VET and Higher Education (HE)were significant predictors of an upward post-dropout trajectory. The most positive attitudes and the highest well-being rates were observed in the group that continued their studies in VET. These findings underscore the importance of developing evidence-based interventions to assist young people in navigating vocational education pathways.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-41</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anastasia Kitiashvili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamar Abashidze</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irine Zhvania</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TO BE YOUNG, ALIENATED AND UNEMPLOYED: SOCIAL IDENTITY, ATTITUDES AND WELL-BEING OF GEORGIA’S NEET YOUTH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards employment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEET youth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/444-1657475382.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education and employment are essential factors for social inclusion of young people in society, so it is important to study young people who are neither in education or in employment (called NEETs) to determine how they deal with their social status and their mechanisms to integrate into society.
This study examines how negatively or positively NEET young people perceive their social status, how NEET status affects young people's attitudes, social identity, or well-being, and whether young people try to escape from the status of NEET. The survey was conducted with 380 young people and in-depth interviews with 12 people.
Research shows that the social status of NEET is neither desirable nor appreciated.  NEETs are associated with diminished well-being mainly because of their lower life satisfaction. NEET youth scores lower than the general population in life satisfaction, although they have similar level of self-esteem. Research has shown that NEET youth use psychological mechanisms, such as identifying with a positively assessed group, to help young people maintain high self-esteem or use strategies to escape from the NEETs group, get a job, or continue their education. The following factors positively contribute to the desire to leave the NEET group: self-esteem is the most important motivator, followed by social identity, attitudes towards education and employment, and family economic status.
 The high NEET rate in Georgia suggests that NEETs youth should be a particular target group for interventions to enable their ‘activation’ to integrate into society. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieva Pakse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guna Svence</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADAPTATION OF FLOURISHING AS POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY CONCEPT IN LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flourishing characteristics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measuring instruments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">positive psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/444-1608225439.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the study is to adapt linguistically and psychometrically the construct of flourishing and to compare four most popular measuring instruments by looking at their psychometric validity indicators and examining in more details the flourishing level of randomized sample in Latvia (N=312). As this construct was not adapted in Latvia jet, it is a new concept both – in terms of content and psychometry. Therefore, the tasks of research were more related to the study of the construct’s own content by comparing most popular flourishing measuring instruments, their internal consistency, analyzing the convergent validity of measuring instruments, and studying of the relationships between various demographic indicators and the level of flourishing. The research results confirm that flourishing scores of all four measuring instruments mutually correlate, that suggests cross compliance of all four instruments. Demographic indicators as education and occupation are the only ones which are mathematically plausible, but only at trend level correlate with flourishing characteristics. The data adapted in the study and psychometrically tested methodologies can be used in the practice of psychologists and in other studies in the future. The discussion raised the question of why neither gender nor age correlate with flourishing, that contradicts other similar studies in the word.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-122</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guna Svence</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maris Majors</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORRELATION OF WELL-BEING WITH RESILIENCE AND AGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acceptance of life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-perseverance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being indicators</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/444-1439275923.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resilience and positive thinking, resilience and optimism, kindness as value could be the factors which could impact the future of our humanity and Earth as well as health and welfare of society. There is an active process of research in the positive psychology carried out in Latvia within the last ten years. The most important category of positive psychology is resilience and well-being. A lot of work has been done regarding adaptation of the concept of well-being and resilience in Latvia. There is a group of young researchers (master level students) who have made a contribution to adaptation of the concept of resilience and well-being in the science of psychology in Latvia at Riga Teacher Training and Education Management Academy (RTTEMA). A group of professors have recently made a joint research, where different samples of adults are demonstrated among the Latvian population in this article. The idea of this research is to analyse the collected secondary data on different groups of adults concerning correlation between the aspects of well-being and resilience. The aim of the research is to investigate the dimension of well-being in cognitive, eudaimonistic, hedonistic, interpersonal and spiritual (transcendent) relationship with resilience indicators - self-perseverance, self-reliance, acceptance of life, as well as the relevance of well-being indicators to age. One statement of this analysis was the hypothesis about the age as a factor which predetermines development of well-being and resilience. Methods- 1) Questionnaire on well-being (Majors, Majore, Svence, 2009), 2) Resilience scale, RS (Wagnild, Young, 1993), linguistically adapted by I. Bērziņa, G. Svence, 2011), 3) correlation and hierarchical regression analysis of the secondary data. Questions of the research: 1) what kind of correlation does exist between the indicators of well-being and resilience? 2) which well-being indicators predict these resilience indicators? 3) is there any correlation between the age and well-being? A data analysis is made in two parts within the framework of this research. Part 1 is dedicated to the examination of the research questions: 1) what kind of correlation does exist between the indicators of well-being and resilience? and 2) which well-being indicators predict these resilience indicators?, people of the Latvian population aged from 16 to 65 years were selected, 28.3% of men (N=184, M=32.1, SD=11,0 years), which was made using the secondary data of two studies (Madžule, 2013; Tauriņa, 2013). Part 2 of the research deals with the examination of the research questions 3) is there any correlation between the age and well-being?, people aged from 16 to 65 years were chosen, 24.5% of men (N=351, M=34.4, SD=11.5), which was made using the secondary data of three studies (Majors &amp; Majore, 2009; Madžule, 2013; Tauriņa, 2013). It was found out, that the indicators of well-being have a direct and a rather close correlation with the indicators of resilience which provided the answer to the research question, what kind of correlation between the indicators of well-being and resilience exists.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-56</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadia Rania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paola Cardinali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiara Cifatte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laura Migliorini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADOLESCENT ADJUSTMENT AND CULTURAL SELF-EFFICACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adjustment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adolescents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cultural self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">immigrants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2014/444-1391943053.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Several studies have investigated the conditions for adolescents’ adjustment in multicultural contexts. Self-esteem is commonly considered as an index of well-being and of the psychological adjustment of adolescents. Literature on self-esteem maintains that a good level of self-esteem depends on the quality of the subject’s intimate relations with family and friends. In a globalized world the personal and relational impact of the management of cross-cultural contacts with the majority and minority groups is becoming increasingly relevant. This study explores the relationship between the constructs of support, self-esteem, well-being and cultural self-efficacy. The research project used a quantitative methodology through the administration of a self-report questionnaire. There were 312 participants, with a mean age of 15 years (20.5% immigrants). The results show that young immigrants have higher levels of cultural self-efficacy than Italian adolescents. However, in Italian adolescents, cultural self-efficacy correlates with family support. Italians who choose not only Italian friends but also foreign friends have higher levels of cultural self-efficacy. Opportunities for deeper investigation of cultural self-efficacy in the social context are discussed.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-71</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guna Svence</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WELL-BEING AS CONCEPT IN PSYCHOLOGY OF LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Latvian psychology history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">optimism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2014/444-1391943956.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the research is to analyze the psychological problems of the new generation in Latvia at the present moment. The currently existing psychological issues are inherited from the 20s and 30s of the previous century. In Latvia the topicality in the field of psychology has always been associated with a sound development of a physically-fitted, mentally-balanced as well as meaningful personality that might   benefit society. Latvian psychological theories are based on the humanistic and philosophical approach that is based on the human ideas from the 90ies of 20th century. Such Latvian psychologists as Imants Plotnieks, Arija Karpova, Dzidra Meikšane and others researched the following topics: ’self-esteem’ ‚‘self-regulation“, ‘self-actualization“, ‘identity“ as well as “positive self-concept“.
The scientific issue of this article is to compare and to analyze the two dimensions of the Latvian psychology history, i.e., firstly, what it is based on and, secondly, why the reason of a positive psychology concept is rooted in Latvian traditions. 
The methodology of the research is meta-analysis, qualitative-quantitative approach, and experimental design from three cases analyse.
There are three cases analysed in this article- author of this article and students from Riga Teacher Training and Education management academy, all cases analysed well-being aspect resilience and positive intervention, but there is different aspect of resilience has been  analysed in each example.
There are some similar ideas from Latvian psychology history are comparing with temporary psychology of Latvia in this article, ideas – close and different with positive psychology as methodological branch of psychology.
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54-65</style></section></record></records></xml>