CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND SKILLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELING APPROACH TOWARDS A CULTURE-BASED EXTENSION PROGRAM

TitleCROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND SKILLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELING APPROACH TOWARDS A CULTURE-BASED EXTENSION PROGRAM
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2026
AuthorsGallego, MGO
JournalProblems of Education in the 21st Century
Volume84
Issue3
Start Page398-416
PaginationContinuous
Date PublishedJune 2026
Type of ArticleOriginal article
ISSN1822-7864
Other NumbersE-ISSN 2538-7111
Keywordscompetency skills, cross-cultural skills, extension program, generalized linear modeling, higher education
Abstract

Despite increasing emphasis on cross cultural competence and 21st century skills in higher education, most of the studies have relied on descriptive or correlational methods, limiting predictive insights. This study addressed that gap by developing a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to explain how 21st century skills influence cross cultural competence among students, serving as the basis for a culture based extension program. Data from 319 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and GLM. Findings revealed moderate levels of both cross cultural competence and 21st century skills, suggesting that while foundational abilities exist, they remain underdeveloped. Communication and collaboration emerged as the strongest predictors of cross cultural competence, underscoring the importance of interaction driven skills. The Gamma log link model provided the best fit, confirming that the relationship is non linear, context dependent, and shaped by uneven learning experiences. The study concludes that cross cultural competence is a multidimensional construct shaped by cognitive, behavioral, and affective domains, and strengthened through interaction, experience, and reflection. Anchored in constructivist and intercultural competence theories, the results highlight the need for experiential, collaborative, and culturally responsive learning environments. These findings provide empirical support for a culture based extension program designed to enhance students’ readiness for global and multicultural engagement.

DOI10.33225/pec/26.84.398
Refereed DesignationRefereed
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