The issue of giftedness occupies a prominent place in psychology and is developed in the context of various theoretical strands, among which the differential, developmental, and cognitive studies are dominant. An application of major statements, in turn, is the domain of educational psychology and related disciplines, especially pedagogy. A discussion about giftedness is also conducted by teachers and parents, solving various educational and didactic problems in their daily lives. The key assumption of this article is a statement that a common understanding of giftedness is full a myths and beliefs constructed as inconsistent with the current state of knowledge. Some of them are indicated in this essay, drawing attention to the adverse effects of their presence in the mind and behaviour of adults.